TgRICULTURE 
PROGRESS AND IMPROVEMENT 
[SINGLE NO. TEN CENTS 
ROCHESTER, N. Y-FOR THE WEEK ENDING SATURDAY, FED. 18,1807 
ESTABLISHED IN 1850, 
THE WRONG APPLICATION OF MANURE, 
through an opening in the side ol the bag. De¬ 
fluxions 1‘roru the nostrils will followthis opera¬ 
tion, which should be repeated according to the 
severity of the disease. 
MOORE’S RURAL NEW-YORKER, 
AS ORIGINAL WEEKLY 
AGRICULTURAL, LITERARY AND FAMILY NEWSPAPER 
unmitigated a piece of bosh as ever crept into a 
child’s pictorial book.” Now, hear the other 
side, nevertheless. 
But, as I am entirely unknown to all your 
readers, it may not be unbecoming nor unprofit¬ 
able, in my thus taking the witness’ stand, for 
me to qualify myself, in some measure, as an 
expert, by at least exposing to them a few of 
my opportunities of being truly informed, as 
well as of my sincerity in the testimony. My 
capability In the observing, or in drawing the 
correct. Inferences from my observations, is an 
entirely different matter. And I have both 
modesty and sense enough to bo silent on that 
point. 
I begin, theu, by assuring you that, although 
1 at first, and for a long time, adopted and held 
the opinion adverse to either “ in-and-in,” or 
to incestuous inter-breeding, I ain now’ and 
have been for several years, a convert to the 
opposite theory, at least within quite close de¬ 
grees of consanguinity. 
My first notions were universal and exclusive 
— that is, fur “crossing” all animals of the 
same “ breed,” as widely “out” as possible. 
And these opinions, I now suppose, exemplify 
CONDUCTED BY D. D. T. MOORE, 
With an Able Corps of Assistants and Contributors, 
HENRY S. RANDALL, LL. D., 
Editor of the Department of Sheep Husbandry, 
HON. T. C. PETERS, 
Date Pres't If. Y. State Ag, Soe’y. Southern Cor. Editor, 
GLEZEN F. WILCOX, Associate Editor, 
The Rural New-Yorker Is designed to be unsur¬ 
passed in Value, Purity, and Variety or Contents. Its 
Conductor earnestly labors to render the Rural a Reli¬ 
able Guide on all the Important Practical, Scientific, and 
other Subjects connected with the business o. those 
whose Interests It zealously advocates. As a Family 
Journal it Is eminently Instructiv3 and Entertaining— 
being so conducted that It can be safely taken to the 
Homes of people of Intelligence, taste and discrimination. 
It embraces more Agricultural, Horticultural, Scientific, 
Educational, Literary and News Matter, Interspersed 
with appropriate engravings, than any other Journal,— 
rendering It by fur the most complete Agricultural, 
Literary and Family Newspaper In America, 
enza, distemper, or epidemic eaturrh, us it in 
variously termed — an epidemic disease of the 
respiratory passages which prevails most in the 
spring of the year. The symptoms oi this 
malady are diminution of appetite, quickening 
ol the pulse, staring coat,. The throat becomes 
sore and the animal can swallow nothing except 
with great difficulty-tills is, indeed, Its most 
characteristic symptom. Discharge from the 
nose follows, and swelling of the head and 
throat sometimes takes place. Great and rapid 
debility is also characteristic of this disease. 
Notes from Virginia. 
A correspondent jots down gome items for 
us from the banks of the Nitnsemond river, Suf¬ 
folk Co., Va. “ Settlers,” he writes, “ arc com- 
he writes, 
ing in freely and we shall soon have good 
schools, churches and society. Oats, peas, cot¬ 
ton, sorghum and potatoes nourish well here, 
and almost all kinds of fruit grow in abundance 
Where any attention inis been paid to them. I 
think this is just the climate for the grape. We 
can market anything we raise in Baltimore, 
Philadelphia, New York or Boston, by steamers 
which ply regularly from Norfolk. Strawberries 
picked one. day can be in New York the next 
day at evening in good condition, and last spring 
they sold as high as one dollar and fifty cents 
per quart. We had strawberries by the first of 
May, and plenty of ripe apples by the last of 
that month. Land can be bought hero on the 
river at prices ranging from ten to twenty dol¬ 
lars per acre, and the best kind of limd for truck¬ 
ing purposes. Early produce from here can be 
got to market ahead of that from Maryland, 
Delaware or New Jersej, hence it brings the 
highest price.” 
Suit, Lime an <L A she* for Wheat. 
“ Practical Farmer,” Onondaga Co., N. Y., 
inquires if a top-dressing of salt, lime and ashes, 
mixed stud sown at the rate of three Imsiida per 
acre, as soon as the snow disappears in the 
spring, would be beneficial. Soil, gravelly loam 
in good condition. We should prefer to sow 
Local Club Aoenth.—W e want a live, wide-awake 
agent for the Rural In every town where there Is none. 
Reader, If yon cannot act as such, please induce your 
P. M. or some Influential friend to do so. 
HfFon Terms and other particulars see last page. 
RURAL FARMERS’ CLUB 
Black and Italian Bees. 
M. M. Baldridge, Kane (Jo., I]]., writes us on 
this topic as follows:—“ A writer on bees in the 
first number of your paper for this year has made 
some statements that should be corrected at 
once. No apology is needed, for it Is a duty we 
owe to your bee-keeping readers to prevent their 
being led astray. The. writer of the article In 
question must be a beginner with bees, or has 
had very limited experience, to make the remarks 
that he does, lie says in substance: —Black 
bees build queen cells before swarming; about 
eight days after they arc started the first swarm 
may he expected, and the second swarm will 
issue about nine days after the first. The Ital¬ 
ian bees do not build queen-cells before swarm¬ 
ing, and the Beoond swarm does not make its 
appearance till * sixteen days after the first, so 
their manner of swarming is different ’ from the 
black bees, and vice versa. As the Italian bees 
do not build queen-cells before swarming, their 
swarms in consequence arc earlier than the black 
bees; besides, they are ususally much larger, 
1 lie Italian bees have a yellow baud on the upper 
part of the abdomen, and the whole body is light 
m color; if not thus marked they arc not pure 
My experience-with the Italian bees dates back 
lo the year 1360—being one of the first that got 
them from the importers, and I have had them 
from year to year since that time. 1 find their 
manner of swarming is precisely the same as the 
black bees. Both brack and Italian bees, as a 
rule, build queen-cells before they swarm. If 
they do not it. is the exception and not the rule. 
As a rule neither variety swarms until one or 
more queen-cells arc sealed : and the second 
8Warm issues from eight to ten days after the 
first. The reason why Italian swarms are earlier 
than natives, is because they breed eurUcr and 
mure rapidly—producing more bees in the same 
■ength of time. They keep their brood more 
compact, and their families become strong some 
’ ' vo weeks sooner than the black variety. Weget 
swarms from the Italians in this section about 
iwo weeks before our black bees are ready thus 
t A 1 ** 
A SETON TS THE THROAT. 
The treatment consists In giving a fever 
draught containing an ounce of spirits of nitric 
ether with sLx or eight ounces of liquor amino- 
nial acetatis, in a pint of water twice a day. 
Counter irritation isalso highly important, which 
should be gotten up by a blister, ns shown in the 
engraving. If the cough eOntinucs troublesome 
after convalescing, a sc ton should be Inserted in 
the position, also shown by the engraving. 
Steaming the head ns for a cold, is one of the 
first, most constant, and best remedies to be 
used. Care should Ijc taken to protect the sen¬ 
sitive animal from suffering from cold or any 
change of temperature. As great thirst tor¬ 
ments the horse having this disease, a pail of 
chilled water should he at hand constantly, for 
him to use. He cannot drink much but will 
refresh himself by agitating it with his nose 
and lips. 
tively necessary to enable it to hold water in 
suspension to feed the growing crop during the 
summer’s drouth. Superphosphate and Peru¬ 
vian guano perform wonders for both cotton 
and corn crops the early part of the bcosoii, but 
they add very little to the hygroscopic capacity 
of the soli, which alone enables It to stand a 
long summer drouth. * 
- -* . 4 ao (« f/iu/e y 
suppose, like the British noble, I must stand 
up for rny order. ~ 
my doubts. The 
honest old “ Bos 
grcBsmen I could 
more confess my present belief that, 
reason, (Inscrutable to me and, in one 
material to all,) the law 
different with the dumb animal 
some of them. T~ 
opinion arc that I have found loo 
>, as a Kentuckian, I have 
i of classing “ Boston”— 
—below hundreds of Con- 
e—ludge ! And I further- 
, for some 
sense, im- 
seems to ho entirely 
-Is, or, at any rate, 
My reasons for this change of 
. ... —i many facta 
against, me. 
Leaving your disputed sheep-walks and pass¬ 
ing into the domain of the horse, what facts do 
we disclose for our instruction ? In my poor 
opinion the Turf Registers and Stud Books do 
and ever must throw more light, upon this and 
kindred questions, than do or can all the other 
studies of animated nature. And this, because 
ol the certainty of the pedigrees and of theaccu- 
WINTER DISEASES OF HORSES, 
would expect good results from such applica¬ 
tion ; the next best time is doubtless the one 
indicated by our correspondent. The more veg¬ 
etable matter there is in the soil the greater 
good will come from the salt and lime, hut it 
is likely that experiment only can determine 
domestic ammals, as well as men, are liable, 
to contract colds frequently at this season. Ex¬ 
posure to storms and changeable temperature 
with unfavorable conditions of the animal sys¬ 
tem attending, develops nearly the same diseases 
in the horse as in the man. The simplest and 
most general of these is a cold, to which, in the 
horse at least, hut little attention is ordina¬ 
rily paid, unless it develops unfavorably and 
threatens serious disease. When the horse be- 
I comes dull, his coat rough, body of unequal 
temperature—and in parts and in places icy- 
cold—attended with cough and copious deflux¬ 
ion from the nostrils, then it is time to employ 
at least some simple remedies. When the mu¬ 
cus membraue is involved, depletion should be 
avoided; let the animal rest, warmly clothed, in 
a roomy stall. Food cooling and slightly mov¬ 
ing to the bowels should be given, and steaming 
the nose resorted to. The annexed illustration 
(from Mathews’ work,) shows the process of 
steaming and the apparatus used. 
BREEDING “IN-AND-IN.” THE NATURE 
AND HABITS OF WILD HORSES, Etc. 
NUMBER ONE, 
Messrs. Editors:— It has long been my no¬ 
tion that writers on agricultural and other scien¬ 
tific subjects err, habitually and greatly, in omit¬ 
ting the simple facts and direct argument of their 
own ease, in relying too much upon inferences, 
and in reasoning too extensively upon analogies. 
These analogies (be It also remembered,) are 
often only deceptively such, or they are very 
imperfectly observed. In either instance, of 
course,'they are useless, and more than useless. 
TroUta of ileus. 
Truman Ingalls, Albauy Co., states the re¬ 
sult of keeping sLxty fowls of mixed breeds for 
the past year. During the year they were fed 
one hundred bushels of ears of com, with the 
addition of sour milk in the mouths of June 
and July. From Jan. 1st, 1366, to the same date 
1367, seven hundred and six (706) dozen eggs 
were sold lor $177; eight dozen were set and 
titty used in the family. Forty chickens were 
raised. I he value of eggs and chickens was 
SL 00 . 50 , cost of feed $60. Profit $148.60. Mr. 
I. estimates that the lieu manure applied to 
corn in the hill will increase the yield of the 
crop sufficient to furnish food for the fowls 
' ,iav ” amongst many others, such very 
wonderful instances of inherited speed, bottom, 
health and general hardihood of cui.stitutlon’ 
as Flying Childers, English Eclipse, (rimcrack’ 
Whisky, Boudrow, Priam, Bay Middleton, Rat¬ 
aplan, Nainlupe, r lhc Saddler, Safeguard, The 
Hero, Virago, Sir Lattuu Sykes, Melbourne, 
Chatham, Flying Dutchman, The Baron, &c. 
Americans:—Ariel, Flirtlila, Jr., Trifle, Sir 
Henry, Bonnets o’ Blue, Fashion, Slender Wag¬ 
oner, and so many others that a list might look 
more like affectation of industry in the com¬ 
pilation than earnestness hi the examples. And 
when we recollect that the distinguishing quality 
of this family of horses is uot speed, (they are 
no faster than many other horses,) hut in the 
power to top running, and also that, from the 
necessity of the cuse, our English ancestors 
(Goo bless them!) were compelled, hr institu¬ 
ting the “family”—by the small numbers of 
their Oriental roots,—to interbreed closely and 
inccstuously, — docs not our citatiou become 
more than pertinent — overwhelming? The 
sum of it is, — besides such instances of par¬ 
ticular close ln-brceding, as a yeneral truth, this 
wonderful race of hard bottomed animals, is the 
pure result of “in-and-in breeding” and of 
incest. Nor is our side without help from tho 
instances of a mongrel family—the American 
trotters. The performances of Lady Suffolk, 
as ljghts>) the question under discussion. An . 
other kindred vice of these writers is to ignoro 
or deny every exceptional or antagonistic fact 
in nature, which tends, or seems to tend, to¬ 
wards an opposition to their pet theory. 
Now, although your editorials (as far as I have 
observed,! are, in general, especially free from 
these faults and are rather remarkable for the 
fairness and fullness of their modes of discus¬ 
sion, tyct I am firmly convinced that your answer 
in the Rural of Dec. 1st, 1866, to “ A Neighbor,” 
is amenable to the foregoing criticism. And, 
inasmuch as the whole subject is not.only most 
interesting to the philosopher, but of exceeding 
importance to breeders of men and brutes, 1 hold 
Corn iu the Ear-Wi 
Arthur B. Cole, Downer’ 
us that “ After several expi 
the weight of’ corn, 1 r— 
cobs of 56 lbs. of shelled c - 
10 to 12 lbs. One instance: 
com before shelling; 
weighed 33 lbs., and the cobs 6 lb 
should have stated whether trie cobs 
oughly dry or not. 
writes 
in testing 
am convinced that the 
i corn will weigh from 
—-I weighed 39 lbs. 
when shelled the corn 
•s.« Mr. C. 
were thor- 
1 ure Italian bees are uot plenty in this country, 
-one are absolutely pure whose workers have 
J ESS THAN THREE YELLOW BANDS. Queens and 
ri >ncs from mothers of undoubted purity sport 
■n color and are not relied on as a test of purity. 
ut queens bred from pure mothers must pro- 
‘ uee workers with three yellow bands to be 
pure. This is the test of purity now adopted by 
|fie best bee-keepers, not only of this country, 
but of Europe.” 
Cultivation of Swauip Lands. 
T. J. Taut, Onondaga, N. Y., has 80 or 100 
“Ctes ol swamp land covered with from four to 
rf. 6et ° f muck ’ beneath which is a marl bed. 
e swamp i» non-productive at present, ditches 
umt were oner* tt?-t. n _ x 
it a sort of duty, in my circumstances, thus to 
make public my own observations and experi¬ 
ence in the matter. They may, at least, serve 
as a small contribution of facts for those who 
have that rarest faculty of deducing the true law 
of the case, and of distinguishing from it all its 
exceptions and false analogies. 
You assume that the statement of the “ refusal 
of the wild stallion to copulate with his own 
daughters,” is a “story, utterly without foun¬ 
dation.” And you cite the “ testimony of as 
traveler In many lands,”—“a keen observer,” 
Fecdiujf Poultry. 
The Mark Lane Express states that Onions 
are a great advantage to poultry if mixed with 
their food, especially during the winter season, 
when their customary supply of worms is cut 
Off. It fed regularly to the fowls, it is said on¬ 
ions will shield them from the many diseases to 
which they are exposed, and with which they are 
so frequently afflicted. 
THE ^TEAMING-;: AO, 
The hag should be made of hair cloth or some 
material that will not swell, tint let the water 
pass through readily. Put into the bag a gallon 
of yellow pine saw dust, or if that from other 
wood be used add an ounce of spirits of turpen¬ 
tine. Then ponr boiling water on^the saw dust 
1 
