•y every one who aims to have picked Oct. 1st, 14 per cent., and must made < 
Their use comes after that of from the grapes 30 days after picking yielded 1 
15 6-10 per cent, alcohol. Information being ] 
called for about the mast from the Ives and Con- i 
cord grapes, Mr. Lewis of Sandusky said Col. ] 
Waking had told him that Ives must the past < 
season gave 82 to 86 degrees. Dr. Grant said 
that Mr. Mottieu told him he was at Cincinnati 
recently, and Mr. Were, Jr., who is making 
wine of the Ives grape, informed him the strength 
of the must was too low, the average being only 
about 05 to 70. Dr. Spaulding said that the 
Concord grown in Missouri, yielded must weigh¬ 
ing about 80, and making wine with 8 to 10 per 
cent, of alcohol, but this was above the usual 
average, especially when grown further north. 
Dr. Dake said he found a good sample of Con¬ 
cord wine at Put-in-Bay, last fall, made by Mr. 
Beatty, without the addition of auy sugar, and 
on trial he found it contained 8 per cent, of al¬ 
cohol. 
In regard to the acid of must, Mr. Griffith 
said it may be malic acid, or tartaric, or partly 
of each, but the latter is the acid desired for 
making wholesome wine, and is distinctively the 
acid of the grape, w hile, the former is the acid of 
the. apple and various other fruits, aud tends to 
make vinegar. In the immature state of the 
grape, and ns too often used for wine, the malic 
acid prevails, and uo addition of sugar or other 
materials cau remove this defect, though the al¬ 
cohol may prevent acetous fermentation. Dr. 
Dake believed that the tartaric acid in pure 
wines tended to neutralize the intoxicating effect 
of the alcohol on the nervous system, as well as 
to give an agreeable flavor and a wholpsomo acid 
quality. 
ON DRAINAGE AND PREPARATION OF SOIL. 
Dr. Kirtland said, iu his opinion, clay soil, 
well nnderdrained, was the best for the grape 
growers. He had used tile for draining, aud 
found no difficulty from filling up with the 
roots. A heavy clay soil became changed to a 
pliable loam in a few yearn after being well uu- 
derdrained. 
The Convention as a body were in favor of 
deep draining on heavy clay soils, and the opin¬ 
ions and practice of the majority were also in 
favor of simply plowing and subsoiling to the 
depth of 18 or 20 inches with teams, iustead of 
trenching by hand. 
ON THE USE OP MANURE. 
Dr. Spaui.ding said they found it advanta¬ 
geous to enrich old vineyards occasionally in 
Missouri,—say 15 to 20 years planted. Dr. Kirt¬ 
land said onr clay soils contain a good percent¬ 
age of potash, and although seemingly poor, are 
improved by tillage so that their fertility is not 
likely to be exhausted for many years. On siuidy 
soils he advised the occasional application of 
ashes or plaster, to hearing vineyards. Several 
persons spoke of having injured Catawba and 
Isabella vines by making the soil too rich. 
Mr. Bat ten am. said he had never Been any 
benefit result from manuring bearing vineyards, 
j but often damage; however, he was convinced 
that it was au advantage in planting vines on 
ordinary or poor soils to apply a shovelful of 
compost or rich earth to each vine, mixing it 
with the soil about the roots, to give the vines a 
good start for the first year or two. 
ON THE DEPTH OF PLANTING. 
Mr. Batejiam said there was need of setting 
the roots deeper in the ground than was some¬ 
times done, to avoid the danger of heaving out 
or killing by the winter. There had been very 
heavy Ioshcs by the winter killing of choice 
young vines at various points along the Lake 
Shore the past winter, not so much by heaving 
out, on clay soils, os by the freezing of the roofs 
iu gravelly and sandy soils. He would sot the 
roots as deep as could well be done and not have 
them deprived of the advantages of sun and air. 
Dr. Spaulding said the practice in Missouri was 
to set the plant so that the upper roots would be 
about ten inches below the surface of the mellow 
ground, then when the earth has settled firmly, 
the roots will be found about six inches beneath 
the surface ; perhaps a little less depth would be 
better in this cooler climate. It was desirable 
to keep the roots of the vines down out of the 
reach of the cultivator; hence many of the Ger¬ 
man vine dressers arc in the habit of examining 
their young vines annually and cutting away the 
roots that may come out within six inches of the 
surface of the ground. 
THE BEST STYLE OF PLANTS, 
Dr. Spaulding said, were such as had plenty of 
healthy roots, and a stem of new wood not less 
than ten inches long, so as to allow setting that 
depth in the ground without crowding the top. 
He preferred plants grown from short cuttings 
or single eyes, it they bad sufficient length of 
tops. Other speakers preferred long cutting 
plants, then removing the upper tier of roots ; 
but it was thought this practice must Injure the 
health and vigor of the plants. The plan offset¬ 
ting the plants in furrows or shallow basins and 
gradually leveling up the soil after the vines 
have made growth, was recommended, especi¬ 
ally if the soil is heavy or the plants are differ¬ 
ent in length of tops. 
Remarks on Pruning and Training, and on 
Stakes and Trellises are deferred till next week. 
BUSHELS PEACH PITS FOR SALE 
tty ffiJSTKD & WlNEfiAU 
Lowell, Kent Co., Michigan. 
FARMERS’ GARDENS —No. II 
Tins means used to start pianus auu bwu» iu 
advance of the season ore various in form, appli¬ 
cation and cost, and range from the elaborate 
greenhouse, in which a tropical climate maybe 
kept np through the coldest weather, down to 
the simple hand glass that is used to protect a 
ItiU of melons or encumbers from a cold April 
wind. The main thing is to secure and maintain 
the proper temperature, moisture and light 
necessary to the germination of seeds and the 
growth of plants. These conditions may be 
obtained on a small scale in the house, and on 
this point we introduce some very practical 
hints famished ns by Wm. Webster of this 
city. He writes: 
"As the time is fast approaching when all who 
wish to raise early vegetables or flowers from 
seed should he thinking of the means at hand 
hy which they can accomplish this purpose, a 
few hints thrown out to the uninitiated as to 
the best mode of bringing forward young plants 
indoors, may not be out of place. 
" To insure success in the germination of seeds 
and in rearing the young plants after they com¬ 
mence to vegetate, there arc one or two points 
to be observed which ore of vital consequence, 
and ft neglect of which is sure to end in failure. 
First, to secure a proper raedimn for starting the 
seeds. In this, care mast be taken to have a 
g and tender roots 
and partially grown in the latter, and must 
perfect their fruit in the open ground to which 
they are transplanted. At this period they will 
not require bottom heat from the manure, hut 
may need the light and warm atmosphere and 
protection from cold winds which the hand¬ 
glass will furnish. The smaller engraving illus- 
rOR THE SPRING OF 1867 
KLLWANGER ft HARRY lmve the pleasuire of offer¬ 
ing for Spring planting their usual large amt well grown 
stock of 
Standard and Dwarf Fruit Trees, 
Ornamental Trees, Shrubs and Plants, 
Green-House and Hot-House Plants. 
Bedding Plant* — Including the splendid large- 
leaved Gannas. ( olocnala, etc. 
Pear, IJninri! and Cherry Stocks. 
Kneh of the so Drpui'lniouls contain nit of real value, 
old and new. 
The following Gatfdngncs, which give Pill particulars, 
will be went, pre-palcl, upon the receipt of postage 
stumps, as follows : 
No. i A Descriptive and Illustrated Catalogue of 
Frtiltn, 10 cent*. 
No.3.—A Descriptive, and ntumratod Catalogue of Or¬ 
namental Trees, Hhrnbs. Roses, «•<?., Ac., 10 cents. 
No. 8.—A Catalogue Of Dahlias, Verbenas, Petunias, 
and select new Green-IIouae aud Deddiug Plants, pub¬ 
lished every spring, ft emits. 
No. t. -a'W holesale Catalogue or Trade List.Scents. 
S94-Steo KI.MVASUKK ft BARRY. 
MOunt Hope Nurseries, Rochester, N. Y. 
U P I- I! N » I II NEW PEARS, 
f RASPBERRIES Sc STRAWBERRIES. 
nttun’s Hovey The. best Winter Pear known, 
tasting like a sweetmeat. 
Dinin'* Augustus This Seedling is quite equal to 
the Hovey, In a utility, fruit large, cinnamon russet, ripen¬ 
ing In .September, extra. 
Itnnn'H A merlon v splendid early Winter Pear, 
as large an tin- Bnnrro Biel. 
Aiiicrleiiu Betiiify, or Dursarns A flue nuW 
Pear, ripening In duty; size medium, the handsomest 
Pear grown, nearly covered with renrlct. 
Clapp’* Favorite An American Seedling of great 
beauty and excellence, an large m the Bartlett and much 
hotter. -1 gratis of either of the above, ; a grafts of 
each variety,???; 5 of cadi, fri- 2gral'in of Bartlett, Shel¬ 
don and Kvekcl will be added, free of charge, If wanted, 
aud sent tree by mall. 
iff Scarlet Stvdllng Raspberry .a m?w needling of tine 
quality, fruit large and blight scarlet, perfectly hardy 
aw far north as Canada; much better than the PtitlAilcl 
plda, 12 plants ?T; 100. fi:,. The tollowtnr 7 varieties of 
Strawberries, Agriculturist, I(lp8wam, Golden Queen, 
Jnumwla, or Knox 700.1.mining’s White, Mead’s Seedling 
and New Jersey Scarlet, the earliest of nil berries, have 
beeu selected from over too kinds, and touted in my gar¬ 
den, Lhe most of them produce perries over one ounce 
I-Ilch. I will send Iree, fry mall, one dozen of cither vari¬ 
ety, for? I ; the 7 varieties, one dozen each, ?6; 50 or each, 
Fi t; UK) of cacti, 821, Adurets either 
F. W. CARPENTER, live, Westchester Co„ N. Y., 
Or, wm. s. carpenter,im> ucadc hi,,n. y. 
OHIO GRAPE GROWERS’ MEETING, 
loose soil, 60 that t.he younj 
may easily penetrate and water pass readily 
through iff Second, heat and moisture are also 
essential, as they are the great promoters of all 
vegetable life, and without w hich it would he 
impossible for any seeds either to germinate or 
grow. Third, covering the Beads eo as to secure 
certain and speedy growth ; these agencies, how¬ 
ever, must be used in moderation,—for an excess 
of either heat or moisture would as certainly de¬ 
stroy the young plants as covering the seeds too 
deeply in the soil would cause them to rot. Any 
good garden soil, if sufficiently porous to allow 
water to percolate easily, will answer for starting 
most seeds in, providing that ft heat of 50° or 60° 
can be kept up in it aud the temperature sur¬ 
rounding it can he maintained at 65° or 70’. 
" Those who have hot-beds will experience but 
little difficulty in doing this, but those that can¬ 
not afford the expense or trouble of one may 
provide, the means indoort?, if they will but ob¬ 
serve the rules which I have laid down in regard 
to heat, moisture, soil, <&c. 
“A ny room vvhere the temperature can be main¬ 
tained at C5° or 70°, if sufficient light can be ad¬ 
mitted, will answer the purpose; but as the air 
in all dwelling houses at this season of the year 
is too dry for the vegetation of young plants, an 
artificial atmosphere, suited to the wants of 
vegetable life, must be created. This can be 
done by using boxes of earth, covered with 
glas*, to prevent a too rapid escape of moisture. 
Although it is necessary to surround the youug 
plants with a'humid atmosphere, for apart of 
the time, yet sufficient air must bo admitted 
during a portion of every day to dry the plants 
thoroughly, otherwise, they would damp off and 
die from an excess of moisture.” 
But every fanner’s garden should have a hot¬ 
bed, and we illustrate one, the style of which ia 
peculiarly well adapted to the w ants and use of 
the novice in this culture, and who has not, per¬ 
haps, the time and money at command requisite 
to the successful management of one more elab¬ 
orate aud of higher power. It is the ordinary 
hot-bed covered with light cotton cloth instead 
of glass. It will not answer to start plants in 
this quite as early iu the season as though It 
were covered with glass, but to counterbalance 
this it is a great deal cheaper, and may be man¬ 
aged with much less labor and risk, iu this 
latitude the middle of March is sufficiently early 
to make this bed, and it will then bring forward 
the plants in satisfactory season. The advanta¬ 
ges of cloth, as a covering for the bed, over glass 
are, first, the cost is hardly one-fourth;, second, 
the bed does not reqnire as much attention, as 
there is uo danger of the plants being burned by 
the sun. The temperature ia idso more even, 
and the plants grow more stocky and bear trans¬ 
planting better to the open ground Ordinary 
white cotton cloth of close texture should be 
used and treated in the following manner:—Take 
two ouuces of lime water, four ounces of linseed 
oil, one of white of eggs, tw r o ounces of yolk of 
eggs; mix the lime and oil vvith a very gentle 
heat; beat the eggs separately and mix them 
with the former; spread this mixture with a 
paint brush over the cloth, allowing each coat to 
dry before applying another, until it becomes 
water proof. 
We condense, from notes furnished ua by our 
correspondent, M, B. Bateham, an account of 
the proceedings of the annual meeting of the 
Lake Shore Grape Growers’ Association, held at ; 
Cleveland, Feb, 20tli and 21st, 1867: 
There was a very good attendance, about one 1 
hundred being present, besides a number of vis¬ 
itors. Among them were quite a number Of vet¬ 
erans in the cause of grape culture and pomology, 
including Drs. J. P. Kirtland and J. A. Ward¬ 
er of Ohio; C. W. Grant, S. B. Parsons and 
A. Merrill of New York; Wm. Griffith of 
Penna., find C. W. 8paldino of 8t. Louis. The 
meeting was called to order at 10 o’clock A. M. 
on Wednesday, Dr. J. P. Dake, the President of 
the Association, in the chair, and M. B. Bate- 
ham, Secretary. The President delivered a brief 
address, giving the history and objects of tho 
Association, and its operations lor the past, and 
congratulating the members on the benefits that 
had already been derived from the organization, 
and still greater results to be expected in the 
future. The Secretary gave a verbal report of! 
the doings of the Committee of the Society du¬ 
ring the season, and especially of their observa¬ 
tions in visiting tho vineyards along the Lake 
Shore, after the excursion of the Association to 
the Islands last summer. This report, together 
with an account of the excursion, will be pub¬ 
lished in the forthcoming Report of the Associ¬ 
ation. 
The following gentlemen were elected officers 
of the Association for the ensuing year: 
President— Dr. J. W. Dunham, Collamcr, Q. 
Vice-President —Capt. John Brown, Jr., Put-in- 
Bay. Secretary —M. B. Bateham, Paincsville, O. 
Treasurer —Rev. K, H. Leonard, Cleveland. Di¬ 
rectors —L. I). Griswold, Elyria; S. B. Marshall, 
Cleveland; J. E. Mottier, North East, 1’iv.; J. 
U. Try on, Willoughby; G. E. Rvekmau, Brock 
ton, N. Y.; M. 11. Lewis, Sandusky; Addison 
Kelley, Kelley’s Island. 
ON SOILS AND THEIR PREPARATION. 
At a former meeting Rev. N. P. Bailev of 
Painosville was requested to prepare a report 
on “The soil and its preparation for vineyard 
planting,” He indicated a few tilings for the 
purpose of eliciting discussion ; 
I. The kind or kinds of soil for vineyards. 
These we name iu the order of our preference. 
1st, light clay; 2d, loam; 3d, sandy or gravelly 
loam ; 4th, stiff clay; 5tli, sand. 
IT. Preparation of Soil-1st, No matter what 
kind of soil, if it retains moisture enough to 
cause it to collect in the bottom of a hole three 
feet deep, it should be underdrained, hut not 
otherwise; 2d, any soil having a hard or adhe¬ 
sive subsoil should be worked with the subsoil 
plow, but not otherwise. 
When these sub-surface preparations have bee 
made, then we would prepare the surface soil for 
planting by, 1st, giving it a good dressing of 
ashes, plaster, bone dust and salt, and 2d, by 
plowing one foot deep. He used the term “ light 
clay” to designate what is commonly called 
clayey loam —a mixture of sand and clay, but the 
clay predominating; and if gravelly or shaley, 
all the better. Such soil wa3 much easier to 
manage than stiff clay, and he thought quite as 
good for grapes. By “loam” he meant what 
might be regarded as midway between clay and 
sand; and by “sandy loam,” such as he bad, a 
l preponderance of Band. Each of these he coun t- 
| ed preferable to stiff clay or to sand. Several 
gentlemen from the western parts of the Lake 
Shore expressed decided preference for clay soil, 
even “ still clay” for vineyards, especially for 
the Catawba grape, and wine was the principal 
object, 
Mr. Griffith of North East, said he had be¬ 
fore expressed his conviction that very satisfac¬ 
tory results can be realized in grape culture on 
nearly all classes of soils, not too wet, along the 
range of our favored Lake Shore; that the 
grand cause of our success was more iu the air 
than in the soil. 
Mr. Parsons, Flushing, N. Y., had planted a 
large Delaware vineyard on the sea shore in New 
gartfruttnral anti <5um*$ 
Catalogues, &c., Received.— Fourteenth Report 
of the Ohio Pomological Society, embracing the Re¬ 
port of the Ail-Interim Committee, for the year 1866,— 
This Is a very Instructive pamphlet (illustrated) lo 
fruit growers; about 00 pages. —Descriptive Cat¬ 
alogues of the Wnahington-st. Nurseries of Hjionson, 
Graves & Sblover, Geneva, N. Y.; No. 1, fruit de¬ 
partment, No. 2, ornameutal department. - Cata¬ 
logue of Reading Nursery, Reading, Mass;. J. W. 
Mannjnii, proprietor. - Montclair Small Fruit Nur 
sery; Catalogue of Plant.**, witha full description of tho 
Kitlutinny Blackberry; E. Williams, Montclair, N. 
J.-C. L. Uoao & Co’s Trade List for the Spring of 
1867, Loekport, N. Y,-Catalogue of Moorestown 
Small Fruit and Plant Farm, Burlington Co., N. J.; 
Thomas C. Andrews proprietor. 
ituiiA i< st \ ii l i; nth\wderuy 
The Peach Buds,—A correspondent writes ns 
from Niagara Co., Western N. Y., that the cold in that 
vicinity has not at auy time this winter been so in¬ 
tense as lo destroy all the peach buds. Unsays—"I 
find in my orchard plenty of buds alive on the * Hon. 
cst Johns,’ ‘■Jucciuce Rareripe,’ mid tho natural fruit, 
a few on ‘Crawford’s Early,’ enough on 1 George, tho 
Fourth’ and ‘Sweetwater,’ but scarcely any on ‘Old 
Mixon Free.’ ” Mon* attention ought to bo given to 
the relative hardiness of the varieties of the poach. 
Fruit growers should make observations this season 
and they will have something to guide thorn in foturo 
planting. From Ohio wc have reports that the peach 
buds are uninjured. 
Book on Grape Culture. (J. J. A., Henry Co., 
Iowa.) “ Fuller’s Grape Cnlturist,” or “Grapes and 
Wine,” by Husstnan, will give you the information 
you seek. See advertisement of hooks for Bale at 
this office in some of the back numbers of tho Rural 
for prices, &c. 
THE a-OILlJJ=.LNr f^TTEEISr. 
Tlit*. above BllOWS u fail- uverie- r e nmrtnlu of berries of 
this new variety exhibited July ran. It. is of a beautiful 
bright scarlet color, of very high flavor, and enormously 
productive— tunny berries men urb q Sir inohen In cir¬ 
cumference, It ripens flfCe* u daw rater the Wilson, und 
i. thus most. Valuable as a late berry for family use or 
marketing, I curried Humpies of this berry nine days, 
amt sold with ia dial lime nineteen thousand plants. 
Golden Queen. FI V ftp*.; V< 100; ?:« e i.UOU. Great 
Agriculturist, Ft V (Iu/..; :.i Uni. Green Prollllc.fi id 
doz,; Ft -it) loo. Kuo*** Jnenuda, N 0 . 700 , fi V doz. 1 sfl 9 
100. '1 Ini .Suulliri n KuralUt, printed ut Amity Cltr La. 
speaking or TDK Golden Qckln Sthwhkiihy, hays:— 
l liniie u ho di sire in riilri' n Iruitof Tomato size mill 
^n :i o 'n n ' y ' "" Hod Just what they are looking 
lor, in the Golden Queen.” 
Grupc Vines. Ontario. ?l,nfleach s Concord. Dela¬ 
ware, llartlord Prolific, ami (. reveling— r.nrec-year old 
bearing vines - F3 each, fir Uu-h orders tilled in rota¬ 
tion. Address J. It, CLINK, Rochester, N, Y. 
Satisfied. —Many housewives who have been 
using Soda for years, have become satisfied that 
D. B. Do Land As Co.’s Best Chemical Baler at as Is 
better for all purposes than Soda, and therefore 
cannot be induced to use Soda, or any other brand 
ol' Sftleratus. 
Pyle’s Saleratus and Cream Tartar.— Pure 
articles, always full weight, and reliable in every 
way. Sold by grocers generally. 
N O A JF U 1 1 F A It Iff A I V D N 17 RS IS HIES. 
ONE HUNDRED AND TITTY AGEES IN GRAPES, STRAWBERRIES, BLACKBER¬ 
RIES, RASPBERRIES, CURRANTS, GOOSEBERRIES, &c,, &c. 
Send for our Catalogue, which is a valuable Treatise on their Cultivation. 
We were among the very llrst to engage in growing 
SMALT-i FltUITS, on a large scale, and for many 
years have been making a collection, which Is unsurpass¬ 
ed if equaled anywhere. 
GRAPHS. 
The Concord is decidedly the most popular grape In 
the country. It Is now more generally planted, and gives 
greater satisfaction than any other. The 
GREELEY PRIZE 
has lately been awarded it as the grape of the greatest 
value. For full description see Catalogue. 
llur 1 lord Prolille and (1 reveling, are the best 
very early grapes yet thoroughly tested, and are very 
profitable. 
I vc* is destined to be, if It la not now, the leading 
wlnu grape of the country. For full description of this 
invaluable grape, skk Catalogue. 
Hentz Is nearly of the same value, and ia a most vig¬ 
orous grower. 
JHurtlia is a White Concord, and Is destined to 
be among White grapes, what Its parent, the Concord Is 
among the colored varieties. 
lilacU Hawk promises to be a grape of very great 
merit —perhaps the earliest of all. 
For description of above, and I 01111 , larsiollu, Adl- 
roudac, and all other desirable kinds, as well as much 
valuable Information on Grape Culture, send 10 Cents 
for Catalogue. 
Onr vines are grown in the open air, from bearing wood 
taken from our extensive. Vineyards. 
STRAWBERRIES. 
For many years wc have given earnest attention to the 
cultivation of Strawberries. Onr long and varied ex¬ 
perience gives ns great advantages, in the selection of 
such varieties as will give the best satisfaction to the 
grower, whether for home or market purposes ; onr col¬ 
lection, In variety, quality, and quantity, is unsurpassed, 
if equaled anywhere. We call special attention to the 
JTJGUKTD A — OTTR WO. 700. 
After thoroughly testing this variety for seven years, 
wo unhesitatingly say, t'*at for uniform ana large dm, 
beauty of form, aud color, en. rmoM yield, long continu¬ 
ance in bearing, greed profit, health aud vigor of plant, 
and other desirable qualities, It Is tho most valuable 
Strawberry of which we have any knowledge All who 
have seen It on our grounds, prize It alike highly. 
The engraving of the hot-bed represents the 
roper mode of construction. The cloth is 
TREES GIRDLED BY MICE 
A correspondent from Boone Co., Mo., 
writes us in this wise: — “On examining my 
orchard a few days ago, I fonnd a large propor¬ 
tion of the trees girdled by the mice. They con¬ 
fined their depredations mostly to the younger 
portion, which has been bearing for several 
years. Quite a number of trees from six to ten 
inches in diameter were completely girdled at 
the surface, while some are entirely stripped of 
the bark for several inches down the largest 
roots. Can you suggest anything that will 
benefit trees in such a condition V” 
We cannot help suggesting, in the first place, 
that “ an ounce of prevention is worth a pound 
It 
ncirs) fu 
Mi 
% Sw a 
