Sficcji lastiatt&Eg. 
EDITED BY HKNKY 8. RAND ADD, LL. D. 
THE WOOL TARIFF ITS PASSAGE AND 
EFFECTS. 
Tub recently enacted tariff on wool and woolens Is 
a literal copy of the original bill drafted by the Wool 
Grower*' and Manufacturers’ Committees in the win¬ 
ter of 1865-6, with the incon»iderablc exception of 
providing eleven Instead of ten per centum duty, in 
addition to the specific duty, on one or two classes of 
wool. That original bill constituted clauses In the 
general tariff bill which paused the. House of Repre¬ 
sentatives during the first session of the late (89Ui.) 
Congress, bnt for reasons which have already been 
stated in these columns, the Henate postponed it* 
consideration until the succeeding session. 
The wool and w oolens clauses were so palpably just 
and necessary that they had gone through the ordeal 
of the House without even an attempt at amendment 
by the most ultru free-traders in that. body. The 
wool growers of the country — and this class consti¬ 
tutes a majority of the farmers In several States—hud 
been suffering severely under the operations of the 
then existing tariff. Our woolen manufactures were 
languishing under foreign compet ition. The delay of 
another year would hear heavily on both interests. 
Under these circumstances the very aide Representa¬ 
tive of the 16th Ohio district, John A. Bingham, 
moved, in effect, to take the wool and woolen clauses 
out of the genera] tariff and pass them as a separate 
bill. Tide was done by a strong vote in the House, 
July 27, 186(1. 'I'he Senate however adhered to its 
policy of postponement, and this hill, too, went over 
the session among Its unfinished business. 
The succeeding session brought up the subject nn- 
de.r a new aspect, lion. David A. Wells, Special 
Commissioner of the Rerenue, hail been charged 
with tlie duiy of preparing, during the recess, a com¬ 
plete prq)«l of a general tariff. The Senate took no 
action on either of the House bills lying on iu table 
until his report was received. That report evinced 
no little ubillty, but the wool growers complained 
that while lie proposed a very serious diminution In 
the amount of protection asked by them, and afforded 
by the House hills, he had not given them any official 
hearing as he had offered to do, and once or twice set 
a time for doing; and that ho had fallen Into some 
very crave errors of fact in relation to their branch of 
industry. 
The first effect of M r. W ells’ recommendations in 
regard to the duties on wool, as on other objects of 
protection, was serious. They were supposed to 
represent the views of the Secretary of the Treasury. 
They found a response in the secret feelings of even 
many pretended “tariff men,” in both branches of 
Congress. The free traders took heart. The wool 
and woolen clauses of tbo Honse bills were made the 
subjects of particular attack. The New York Tribune 
stood fnithftilly by us, and Gukelky’s thundering 
blows fell thick and fast; bnt ull the other leading 
journals of the (.-real commercial metropolis fought 
ns bitterly and to the bitter end. The Chicago Tri 
bane, which in energy and talent lias few equals, 
spread consternation among weak-kneed western 
politicians in Congress, by Its vehement and untiring 
littUQIlCillUuun tillO lltaao tlunu •nrot’O TflsOOllOl'fi 
by Gktmkb A Co. In tlio Senate chamber. The wool: 
dealers in our great eastern cities raised an assentin' 
bowl, liven a saiall division of eastern manufactu¬ 
rers, headed by Mr. Slater of Mass., east off their 
connection with the National Association of Wool 
Manufacturers, and went for the old traditional policy 
of their order—low duties on wool. 
When the general House bill and the Commission¬ 
ers’ report came up for consideration in the Finance 
Committee of the Senate, there was a variety of avowed 
and unavowed views In that body in regard to wool 
and woolen duties, We shall not hero attempt to give 
the real position of each member. Hut onr Impres¬ 
sions are decided that Senator Moroan of New York, 
held the “balance of power" on that question. Ills 
earlier associations as a great merchant, and as a res¬ 
ident of the city which is the “head center" or free 
trade, might have been expected to incline him to the 
side of low duties, jntf as the associations of Sena¬ 
tors Grimes, Doolittle, Hendricks, TIknokusov, 
etc., representing more rural constituencies, might 
have been expected, on a question of vital Importance 
to the agricultural interest, to incline them ( hut 
which wholly failed to do so,) In an opposite direc¬ 
tion. Hut Mr, Moroan is a practical and judicious 
man. As a member of the Legislature of the State or 
New York, and as its Governor In trying times, lie 
learned to know and respect the wants or (he great 
mass of Its people. He gave his Influence in the 
Finance Committee in favor of the wool provisions 
■of the House bill instead of those of the Wells' pro- 
je-l, and accordingly they were engrafted, with one 
trifling exception, in the new general tariff bill which 
the Senate passed a» an " amendment," in reality a 
substitute for that of the House. 
The Sonato bill, as we may properly call it, did not 
come before I lie House until the early part or Febru¬ 
ary. It was n long one, containing a multitude of 
provisions different from those of the bill it purported 
to amend, and these required care (hi consideration. 
It was of course referred to the Committee of Ways 
und Means. When Hint Committee was nearly ready 
to report, its Chairman, Mr. Monnnj. of Vt,, was 
■called home by the supposed mortal illness of his 
mother, and the Chairmanship devolved by seniority 
on Mr. Hooker of Mass. Wo have great respect for 
this dignified and soli^gentleman, and hope his heart 
was in the right place; but he was in a new position, 
and could not drive on the business of his Committee 
or of the House, like that true friend of the farming 
interest, the able, energetic, statesman-Iike Morrill, 
whose discretion, fairness and want of one-sidedne-s 
always carried the confidence of the House and dis¬ 
posed it to follow Ids lead, Mr. Hooker might have 
received the most efficient aid from the parliamentary 
knowledge, brilliant talents and trenchant debating 
powers «f another member of the Commit toe, Mr. 
Conk lino of New York — who, by-the-by, received 
many votes in his canvas for the United States Senu- 
torship, on the ground that ho was in lavor of the 
House wool tariff, and conid, in such emergencies a- 
should arise, do more than his rivals to promote Its 
success and perpetuity. But he was necessarily 
absent, attending the Supreme Court of New York 
Another member of the Committee, and another 
ardent and able friend of the wool interest, General 
Garfield of Ohio, was restrained from even puttir<- 
on the appearance of pressing i u front of the tempo¬ 
rary Chairman by considerations of personal delicacy 
which need not here be alluded to, but which would 
be exported to influence the conduct of a high-mind¬ 
ed man. The Committee embraced other true friends 
-but the chasms wc have named irreparably damaged 
its solidarity and effectiveness. 
As the session drew towards its close, Mr.Moimni 
was repeatedly telegraphed by the Wool Growers’ and 
MauuCactarors* Committees, and by other frieml* of 
the tariff, entreating him to return to Washington; 
and he left the bedside of a dying parent to do so. 
His determined onset—the particulars of which are 
familiar to our reader* — gave momentary hope of a 
successful issue; but when strong parlimentary meas¬ 
ures were proposed, timid friend* and pretended 
friends wavered. And finally Gen. Schbnck’s urifor- 
tuuatc flax amendment, and the debate- and action 
which grew out of it, wasted precious and necessary 
hours. 
Discovering that all hope of the passage of a gen¬ 
eral tariff bill was lost, the friend? of the woo) tariff 
bethought themselves of the “Bingham bill,” (as it is 
sometimes called for convenience of designation,) 
which was lying in the Henate, like a shell shot in a 
former fight, covered from notice by the debris of 
later battles. We do not assert that the friends of 
the wool growing Interest had forgotten it, or that 
they did anylhing prematurely to call attention to it. 
It might prove u convenient deruelr resort t When it 
became necessary to use it, He mi tors Sdktiman and 
Wade of Ohio, were first applied to. They were 
willing to make the attempt, hut did not feel over 
sanguine of success. But the friends of the measure 
in and out of the House, rallied round its friends in 
the Senate, and Infused them with their own ardor. 
After an earnest consultation as to the surest mode of 
procedure, the bill was put on Us passage and carried 
March 2d, 1607, by the following vote: 
Yecu— Anthony, Cattell. Chandler, Cannes*. Crovln, 
Dixon, Edmunds. Fogg, Foster, Fowler. Frellnghuy- 
sen. Grimes, Harris, Howard, Howe, Kirkwood, Lane, 
Norton. Nye, Poland, Pomeroy, Ram«ev, Ross. Sher¬ 
man, Stewart., Trumbull, Van Winkle, Wade, Willey, 
Williams, Yates—81. 
Nay* - Buekttlew, Cresswoll, Davis, IlcDderson, 
Hendricks, Johnson, MrDougall, Patterson, HaulB- 
bury, Hprunge. Sumner, Wilsou—12. 
Absent, or not noting- Brown, Cowan, Doolittle, Fes¬ 
senden, Guthrie, Morgan, Morrill, Nesiui tit, Riddle—9. 
We offer no local analysis of this vote, as every one 
can make it for himself. The voles of Sumner and 
Wilson of Mass, and SfraocK of R. I., iu the nega¬ 
tive, will we think attract attention und surprise. 
Nor shall we attempt to make outa “roll of honor” 
among the friends of the wool and woolen tarift'. Wc 
may be permitted, bowerer, without detracting any¬ 
thing from the others, to add a few names to those 
already mentioned, whose public efforts gleam np 
brightly In our memory. SccoDd to none stands that 
of Mr. Delano of Ohio, lint for him the original 
House bill might have been lost iu the first session of 
the Thirty-ninth Congress. Local jealouses had crept 
into the contest. Many of those on whom wc bad 
most firmly relied were wavering. It was then that 
his resistless charge, like that of Dess aix at Marengo, 
changed Hie fortunes of battle, A more effective 
burst qf eloquence has not been heard in the House 
of Representatives since tJie palmiest days of John 
Ran dolvii. Dissension and jealousy were abashed. 
The breaking lines formed again, shoulder to shoul¬ 
der, and marched to victory. All honor to the lhr- 
mers’ friend, Columbus Delano. Mr. Gkinnell of 
Iowa, though bitterly assailed by the Western free¬ 
traders, and Opposed by a Senator of his own State, 
labored constantly and effectively for the House bill. 
His speech on the subject, near the close of the late 
Session, lies before us, and had we the space we 
would most gladly republish it. The facts are put 
forward with a clearnes and straightforwardness that 
command admiration. Messrs. ICcklev and Law¬ 
rence of Ohio; Ward, Van vErnAm, Kktoihjm, 
Holmes, etc nf *- r v - Dawks and Alley of Mass.; 
Woo new n8 ft and BAXTKitof Vt.; Pain; and IIiuiuard 
ol'lowa; MoOMCHkad, Lawrence and Kelley of Pa.; 
Wentworth, Oullom, Faunswouth. Moulton and 
IIardIN a of Ill.; McCldro of Mo.; Donklly of Minn.; 
and the entire delegations of Michigan and West Vir¬ 
ginia were active and uncompromising advocates of 
wool potectlon. And we have it on high authority 
that Speaker Colfax was in warm sympathy with tis. 
The Henators of Ohio, Illinois and Vermont were 
steadfast friends of the wool growers. Judge Harris 
of N. Y.. though bis re-election was iu part defeated 
on a tariff issue, magnanimously voted for the bill. 
The list of votes shows how other Senators stood oil 
the question. 
Outside of Congress wc are deeply indebted to the 
efforts of the Wool Growers’and Wool Manufacturers' 
Committees. Messrs. Montgomery, Pottle and 
Oakland of the former, discharged their duties with 
conspicuous v.ctil, ability and ellect, amt deserve the 
lively gratitude of the wool growers of the nation. 
Mr Montgomery attended during the entire session; 
Messrs. Pottle and Oakland during much of it. J. 
P. Alexander, a delegate from the Surumltt Co. (0.) 
Association, spent a short time in Washington and 
gave useful aid; and so did Mr. Rogers of N. Y., and 
Mr. Flint, a large wool grower of California. Mr. J. 
R. Dodge of ttie Agricultural Department furnished 
valnable statistic* and pn hi tied some strong articles 
In favor of the cause. The Manufacturers' Commit¬ 
tee, Messrs. HATES, Kingsbuky, aud others who 
were occasionally in attendance, worked most strenu¬ 
ously and In constant, co-operation with tbc Repre¬ 
sentatives of the Growers. We aver, without fear or 
denial, that the whole national organization of Man¬ 
ufacturers kept their faith with us to tho letter and 
spirit; and probably there is not a single individual, 
In or out of Con .rets, who contributed more to a suc- 
Cessfitl result than their indefatigable and talented 
Secretary, Joun L. Hayes. 
Let us accept our great victory thankfully and mod¬ 
estly—imputing no bad motives to those who hon¬ 
estly and courteously differed with ns. Let us not of 
all things, because wo have attained our own object, 
desert oilier industrial interests which are struggling 
for Just and necessary protection. They helped us— 
we are bound in honor and duty to help them. The 
industrial interests of the country are. not rivals, but 
a brotherhood; and not one of them can be suffered 
to langnlsli without detracting something from the 
complete development and success of the others. 
Let us not lay down our arms under the impression 
that we shall linve no further use for them. The free¬ 
trader? will not slacken their efforts. It will be won¬ 
derful if they do Dot In the next sessluu of the 40th 
Congress attempt to revise the wool and woolen tariff. 
At all events thoy will do so soon. Wo must keep out 
organization perfect and our powder dry. Two years 
ago wc were a rope of sand, possessing, as a separate 
interest, about as much influence in Congress as a 
tribe of Cliociaws. Last winter a distinguished Sen¬ 
ator remarked that, ho “ did not favor the wool tariff 
but should vote for it in deference to public clamor." 
That is it, exactly. Ho much for union and organiza¬ 
tion 1 Let us keep In a situation where vve. can make 
our "clftmor” effectual In the ears of ihoge who do 
not wish to give up tlmir soft seats in tho national 
Capitol, aud of those who wish to succeed to those 
seats. 
Before dismissing this subject, we foe! called upon 
to utter another word of warning. Many growers aro 
expecting too much, especially in immediate effects, 
from the new wool tariff. Those who are to buy our 
wool imve, Of course, been preparing for the present 
contingency. A year or more wnst elapse before tho 
law will produce its full natural results, And even 
then it will not produce any wild Inflation of prices. 
Reasonable men do not expect to be legislated Into 
wealth. Industry must achieve it. We only atiked to 
have our labor put on a par in our own markets with 
the cheap labor of other countries* We regarded the 
rightB of the consumer, because justice required it, 
and because we desired permanent lc delation. Being 
placed on an equality with the foreign producer, skill, 
energy and improvement must do the rest, and shamo 
on the citizen of the United States who first “ cries 
hold " In the encounter. 
WOOL BUYERS IN CONVENTION. 
A Wool Birrr.ns’ Convention was held at the 
Court Honse, Rochester, on the 19th inst, and attend¬ 
ed by nearly fifty buyers, mostly residents or this and 
adjoining counties, though tho call Invited all in 
Western New York. Mr. C. A. Harrington of Albi¬ 
on, was called to the Chair; K. K. Johnson of Roch¬ 
ester, and E. H. Parmai.ee or Bergen, were appointed 
Secretaries. After a pretty general expression of the 
views of those present, a committee of seven (con¬ 
sisting of Messr*. D. Lowry, O. Allen, F. T/ickey, n. 
0. Lucas, H. Tt. Goff, C. A. Harrington and John 
Kerry,) was appointed to draft and report resolutions. 
The committee, subsequently made a report which 
(after some amendment and discussion) was adopted 
in the following form: 
yVhrrran; The had reputation of the wool of West¬ 
ern New York with manufacturer* (growing more so 
every year.) is causing them invariably to purchase 
their wool In other localities, from the factofltH con¬ 
dition being so much better limn ours, we recommend 
to wool growers the following rules: 
1st. That sheep should not bo allowed access to 
straw stacks, especially or barley or bearded wheat, 
2d. All sheep, except perhaps backs, should bn well 
washed In a running stream, and as early in the season 
as the weather will permit. 
8d. That the sheep should he shorn, weather per¬ 
mitting, within six to ten day* after washing. 
4lh. At the time of shearing the fleeces should be 
carefully folded, moderately loose, and wonnd with 
small, strong, light-colored, glazed twine, brought 
twice each way around the fleece, carefully excluding 
all dead wool and tags. 
Ami wc recommend to wool buyers to be governed in 
their purchases by the following rules: 
tBt. A deduction of one-half on unwashed bucks. 
2d. A deduction of one-third on washed backs. 
fid. A deduction of one-third on alt other fleeces, 
black, unwashed nr excessively gummy or heavy, or 
other unconditioned wool, or that made unmerchant¬ 
able by an excessive use of twine, or by slutting with 
tags or deud wool. 
4th. In purchasing wool thus prepared for market, 
to pay a price proportionate to its relative worth on to 
texture, strength and other desirable qualities, 
Mr. Elmore of Brockport, offered tho following, 
which was adopted: 
Resolved, That the owner of wool offered for saie 
shall be held responsible for the condition of said 
woo), making no difference who folded up the wool. 
Mr. D. D. T, Mooica believed that buyers liiul long 
paid a premium for frauds In doing np wool, and that 
they would be, as they ought to bo, swindled forever 
unless they paid for fleeces according to quality and 
condition, Tho following resolution, offered by him, 
wan adopted; 
Bttolrcd, That the bnyer of wool should, in oil 
cases, discriminate in making bis purchases, paying 
in proportion to it* quanlity and merchantable condi 
tion—Instead of payinga uniform price, or neatly so— 
for all clips in a town or section, without regard to 
quality or e million. 
Mr. Moork thought the Couvention had made a 
mistake In not calling in the wool growers to consult 
with them as to their mutual interest*,—and suggest¬ 
ed that the buyers adjourn to meet the first Monday 
In Mav. Inviting the sui growers to meet with them. 
The suggestion was »ioptea,—me Lionvcnuon au- 
journing to meet at the City Hall, Rochester, May Gth. 
— We condense the above from reports in our daily 
papers—not having space for particulars or comments • 
As a full report of the proceedings has been furnished 
the Editor of this Department, we presume he will 
notice the same iu a future number.— m. 
Condensed Correspondence, Items, &c. 
Alpacas,—H. C. Hanford, Carlton, Orleans Co., 
N. Y„ referring to the inquiries for alpacas, made by a 
“subscriber," published jq the Rural, Feb. 9, from 
Hhushan, N. Y., says that ho has been employed more 
than two years iu the same search, and eannot learn 
that there are any in the country, except a few 
brought In a Government vessel to Mare Island ; that 
lie applied to the Peruvian Legation in Washington, 
“but found much reticence in regard to them; that 
he has learned that the PeruvJan Government forbids 
their exportation in older to control the market for 
their wool; that ho ts in correspondence with an 
American in South America who is acquainted with 
the owner of a large hfrd ul them, and hopes through 
the former to obtain some; that if onr Sliuslian cor¬ 
respondent vvlBhcs to Join In the importation he prob¬ 
ably can soon luivr an opportunity', (if the latter 
wishes to Dike lhi* Course, let him directly address 
Mr. Hanford. J Ml H. asks “ If we cun give any in¬ 
formation a* to flic market for and value of their 
wool?" Wc cnnijot. 
WHO Brkd It? j- “X. Y. Z.,“ Washington Co., N. 
Y., puts the following case and question“ Suppos¬ 
ing I have a ewe which I purchased of Hammond and 
1 take that ewe totiis ram Green Mountain; have I a 
right to say that Ibred the produce, giving its pedi¬ 
gree?’ 1 We think you have. Somebody bred the 
lamb, and ccrlainly Hammond did not do it. Ho did 
not own it befordor after birth, lie did not direct 
the coupling. V iiatcver may be hi* opinion of bis 
ram Green Moun aln, he might have thought him en¬ 
tirely unfitted to >reed with that particular e we. lie 
is in no way resn >neiblc for your action in the prom¬ 
ises. You ownol the dam; you exercised your own 
judgment and rirlits as an owner in coupling her; 
you thorcforc brtl the produce. However much that 
produce may actially be indebted to Mr. Hammond’s 
skill, and howet.T little to yonr own, yon discharge 
your entire obll it ions to him as a breeder by “ giv¬ 
ing Us pedlgret 1 
Dividing Pas uicbs for Siikkf.—“ I’.," Forkstone, 
Wyoming Co., <, V., writes that tie has a pasture of 
thirty acres, oi which he proposes to keep u small 
ilocU of sheep; that by a small outlay iu repairing 
fences, this ca bo divided into four fields; and lie 
asks whether would be of any benefit bo to divide 
it in order to c tain a “ a change of pastures." Prob¬ 
ably a little gan can be secured In the amount of pas¬ 
turage by the Vision, especially if any portion of it 
is of a pooret character than the rest, so that the 
sheep will nej lect It if not confined to it. Sheep lovo 
fresh grass, t( o — but they also love range. Merinos 
detest eloso q :urters. Among onr sheep pastures aro 
two, of sixty icrcs each, and we cannot say that wc 
ever wished tjiem subdivided. 
I - 
Inflammation of TBk Lungs,—O. Ferris, Millport, 
N, Y’ The disease described by you is probably in- 
flammatiou of the lungs. 
The pressure upon our columns for several weeks 
has rendered It necessary to defer giving portraits and 
pedigrees of sheep. They will soon be roeuiaed. 
gural Spirit of the 
Japan 8pring Wheat. 
A writer in the Boston Cultivator gives 
the vendors of an article called “ Japan spring 
wheat,’' puffed for its excellence and produc¬ 
tiveness by the Interested, a smart rap for the 
falsity and impudence of their pretensions. He 
has tried the wheat and found It a specie® of 
■ sorghum, whose seed made a very white flour, 
hut neither in quantity nor qnallty did it ap¬ 
proach the excellence claimed for it. Besides, 
the seasons in this latitude arc too short to per¬ 
mit it to mature fully, even were it desirable for 
cultivation. 
Carrots for Horses. 
A writer in the Prairie Farmer rofers to 
the practice of feeding carrots to horses as a 
proper and commendable one, if the quantity 
used Is not great. Aa the horse is fond of the 
carrot he would indulge in it to excess, if fed all 
his appetite would seem to crave. IToperly ap¬ 
portioned out, they form a healthful kind of 
food, ample, with a due share of other fodder, 
for the sustenance of horses whoso labors arc 
not of a very exhausting character. The carrots 
should be sliced up longitudinally; for if cut 
in the opposite way the horse is apt to get 
choked In eating them. Under the conditions 
mentioned a judicioua supply of carrots will 
render the use of grain unnecessary. Severe 
and continuous labor, however, will render an 
infusion of grain into the feed of the horse in¬ 
dispensable, else the ability to labor will be im¬ 
paired. 
Horn Distemper. 
The N. l r . Times, in reply to an inquiry as 
to the cause of the horn distemper or hollow 
horn, imputes it to hard usage,—to a lack of 
proper food, drink and shelter,—in consequence 
of which the cattle come out iu the spring lean 
and dispirited and with little recuperative force. 
Such cattle, it is nflirmed, are alone subject to 
the horn distemper, or if exceptions exist, they 
arc bo lew u* to atlirm rather thun disprove the 
correctness of the rule. In most cases the hol¬ 
low horn can be detected by the coldness of the 
horn near the base at the head. It is customary 
to seek a cure by means of boring the horn near 
tho base, when, tf the disease exists, bloody mat¬ 
ter will exude from the orifice. Some plug up 
the holes when the discharge ceases, while oth¬ 
ers leave them open. The former is the best 
plan—at least the horn looks better than when 
left like a flute stalk. 
Plowing by Steam. 
The Meadvillc (Pa.) Republican asserts that 
TnoMAS S. Minn is of that place has successfully 
solved the problem of making steam available in 
plowing and cultivating land. This steam plow¬ 
ing machine Is so constructed as to adapt itself 
to all kinds of surface, plain or broken, and 
crawis over me ground witu an uuDrohen near¬ 
ing, its motion being not unlike that of a snake 
in its movements. In other words, it is a kind 
of steam “ hoop-snake" whose executive force 
is equal to mauy soorea of ordinary plows. It 
breaks up, harrows, drills and seeds or plants a 
strip fifteen and a-hulf feet wide at each passage. 
Its rate of progress is about four miles per hour 
and it will finish off about ninety-six acres of 
ground, pluuting and all, In the space of twelve 
hours. Such a machine as this would work a 
great revolution In farming operations on the 
great prairies of the West or the savannas of the 
South. 
The Agricultural Exhibition at Paris. 
According to a correspondent of the. Jour¬ 
nal of Commerce, the preparations for tho agri¬ 
cultural display at tbc Paris Exposition are to be 
on a scale surpassing anything heretofore wit¬ 
nessed on any simitar occasion. The principal 
development is to be upon the island of Billau 
Covert, in the 8oine, about three miles below the 
Champs de Mars. There will also be a display 
of agricultural implements, of all descriptions, 
at the model farms of Vincennes. The trials of 
machines on the farms will be made at intervals 
so as to coincide with the various seasons of 
production, commencing with April and ending 
with October. Live fetock exhibitions will take 
place every alternate fortuight during the same 
period. A prize of honor, consisting of some 
work of art of the value of $2,000 is to be 
awarded to the exhibitor who shall be adjudged 
to have “deserved best" of agriculture. Other 
prizes will be given for the best specimens of 
agricultural implements as may be adjudged by 
the committees of examination. 
Flowing in Manure. 
G. R., in the Germantown Telegraph, re¬ 
views the various methods practiced by farmers 
iu the management and application of manures, 
and concludes that no mode has been or can be 
devised of uniform application. Much must 
depend cm the character of the sol! to be fertil¬ 
ized, the crop to be grown, and whether imme¬ 
diate) or somewhat remote results are Bought to 
be obtained. A like diversity of opinion and 
practice prevails with respect to the depth to 
which manure ehould be covered by the plow. 
Some argue that it makes no difference whether 
the depth he four, eight, or more inches, as the 
result will bo the same at harvest time. This 
conclusion is not acquiesced in by the party re¬ 
ferred to, and wo think his dissent based on 
good grounds. He says, “ when near the sur¬ 
face it decomposes sooner and hence acts Booner, 
aud tho supply is more quickly exhausted; 
when turned under deeper its action is more 
extended and slow. Hence, if applied jnst be¬ 
fore the crop it is intended to benefit, a shallow 
covering is what iB wanted; hut if the interval 
between tho manuring and the crop is pro¬ 
longed, the furrow should be deepened in the 
samo proportion.” This seems to be a reason¬ 
able conclusion, and wo believe it is a correct 
$ur»I gotrs and 
New Quarter— Z/b for 1M IturaTe Spring Corn- 
paign/ —The second Quarter of Vol. XVHI of the 
Rural Nkw-Yokker will commence next week_ 
April 6 and hence now I* the time for new subscrip¬ 
tion* or renewals, to dat« from that period. 8ee 
notice on New* page. The success of tho Rusal 
during this quarter has been extraordinary, and wo 
fain believe the 18 numbers issued in that period 
the best we ever published;—jndge ye, after exam¬ 
ining matter, Illustrations, typography, paper and 
printing. Arc not 52 number* of such a paper worth 
tho frill price, ($8,) ahd if so what subscriber loses 
unything if we do choose to pay liberal premiums to 
club agents for helping ns to reach, this year, a circu¬ 
lation of One Hundred Thousand? And, agajn, what 
friend of the paper will derlinc to aid us, about those 
days, in attaining that number of armor-bearers for 
the Rural Brigade? a brigade which fight* for the 
Right all over the land, and has members in every 
Slate, Territory and Province on the Continent I 
-—— ♦ ■ 
This Paris Exj-ositton.— The exhibition of sample* 
of the world's nutural productions, and the manufac¬ 
tures of all nations, contemplated by the Emperor 
Napoleon, commences in Paris on the first of April, 
and will continue during the season. The building 
consists of a series of concentric circle* covering 
forty acres of ground. Each of these circles is devo¬ 
ted to one kind of products, posited according to the 
conn tries exhibiting them, thus affording a chance to 
readily contrast those of the name Idnd from various 
localities and countrii *. Departments are ranged in 
the following order; Franca on the Eastern side. 
Groat Britain and her Colonies, Central and South 
America, the United States, Tunis and Morocco, Per¬ 
sia, China, Kiatn, Japan, Egypt, Turkey, the States of 
the Danube, Rome, Duly, Russia, Scandinavia, Den¬ 
mark, Greece, Portugal, Spain, Switzerland, Austria, 
Germany and Prussia. Belgium anti Holland will 
have a small space alongside of France. There are 
thirteen circular galleries, and sixteen radiating from 
the center outward. Tho whole edifice, with the ex¬ 
ception of the two galleries nearest the garden, i* 
built of iron—the exceptions being of stone. Tho 
display will, unquestionably, be the most imposing 
ever witnessed, aud form an epoch in the Industrial 
History of the World. 
"Tim Amkiucan Farmer's Horsb Book,— Em¬ 
bracing, in addition to the subjects usually treated of 
In similar works, a full deeimption of the causes and 
nature of several diseases peculiar to tho American 
Horse; together with original, Ample and effective 
modes of treatment, including those of some disease* 
heretofore considered incurable, and also An extended 
Treatise on Block Raising and Stock Management. 
The whole especially adapted to th« use of the Farm¬ 
er. By Robert Stewart, M. D., V. 8. — Embodying 
the Results of twenty years Original Investigation 
and Veterinary Practice.’’-Such is tho tltlo of a 
handsome volume of 600 pages recently published by 
C. V. Vent & Co. of Cincinnati. A cursory exami¬ 
nation of tho work has led us to form a thvorabto 
opinion as to Its value and adaptability to American 
farmers, und we shall recur to it again. Hoo adver¬ 
tisement in this paper. 
— - — - ---- 
Oub Dictionary Premium.— An Agent-Friend In 
Erie Co.. Pa., writes:—“I received tbc Dictionary In 
good order, except one corner a little rubbed. And 
now thanks, \ c ry many thanks to thee for this/awr. 
But, Dear Sir, could yon have been looking In. through 
the keyhole when the book wo* laid on the. table and 
opened, (with this announcement, A f'remium far 
Rural Captain*,) the looks of thankfulness and grati- 
tnde that beamed from the countenances of father, 
mother and seven children, with tho littlo ones clap¬ 
ping bunds, won Id have paid yon for one-half of 
the book. This certainly is ‘good pay ’ for working 
for the Rural Brigade." 
Hay ra Tins Mow—How to Measure.—E. G. 8., 
Erie Co., N. Y., wants to know how many square feet 
of a mow of clover hny, on which grain has been 
placed, will make a ton. It is difficult to determine 
the weight of hay per foot in a mow, depending on 
the size of the mow, the quality of the hay and the 
amount of pressure to which it has been subjected. 
Some clover will make a ton for every 450 cubic feet, 
while other mows may require 500 cubic feet to give 
an equal weight, or even a trifle more than this. This 
method is but an approximation to the true weight 
at beet. 
■ ■ l4t 
Illinois State Fair, Fkkmium Libt, Ac.— The 
next Illinois State Fair will be held at Quincy, com¬ 
mencing Sept. 80th and ending on the 6th of October. 
The grounds will be open for the reception of all arti¬ 
cles, except stock, ou the 20th of September. Tbc 
premium list Is very comprehensive, embracing every¬ 
thing pertaining to farm production and rural manu- 
ufacture—making in all sixty-two divisions or classes. 
So we learn from a pamphlet containing the proceed¬ 
ings of Executive Committee of 111. State Ag. Society. 
■ - »»■ 
Affreoiation of tub Rural.- A Connecticut sub¬ 
scriber thus concludes a business letter:—“As I am 
writing 1 will tell you what I think about the Rural. 
It is the best puperof its class that I have ever taken. 
I Could not do without it any way, shape or manner. 
1 like it better Ilian 1 should if it was all agricultural. 
Long may you live to conduct the Rural." 
-i»i ■ 
The Cornell Univer.-itv.— The Trnstess of the 
Cornell University met in the State Agricultural 
Rooms, Aibuuy, on the 12th inat. Professors Evans 
and Russell were appointed to the chairs of Mathe¬ 
matics aud Modern Languages. It is thought the 
University will not bo opened till the autumn of 1868. 
Saw-Mill Dogs.— (R. O. D., Ballston Center, N. Y.) 
There arc none of the new saw mill-dog* in use hero 
yet, but in the lumber regions south of this they are 
said to have superseded the old style of mill-dogs. 
R. P. Lawton, Esq., of Oramol, N. Y., is said to be 
well posted on the subject of your inquiry. 
A “Hefty" Pio.—Mr. Geo. Graves of Newport, 
Herkimer Co., N. Y., writing us about the kind of 
pigs they have in that region, says" Mr. Wm. Mar¬ 
vel of Poland, iu thi* county, killed a pig lately, sev¬ 
en months and twenty days old, that weighed, when 
dressed, 377 lbs. Almost a hog." 
Hemlock Bark — Extract. — “A Subscriber” 
wants to know the process of making tho “extract 
of hemlock bark." We do not know the process of 
making the “ extract," nor are we acquainted with 
any one who does. 
Nova Sootia Red Chalk.—G. C. M., Guilford, N. 
Y., will probably find out about the “rod chalk" at 
the drug stores. The druggists hero keep the article. 
