three weeks, lire lesson is plain. T.et farm, 
and mill, and factory, West and East, and South, 
grow and thrive as neighbors. Let our larger mar¬ 
ket within onrselves be oar first consideration, 
and then send abroad such surplus as we shall 
doubtless have, and other countries may need. 
were terribly ignorant or perverse, and would 
find himself nonplused, and yet they all get very 
good crops. Mr. B. says, ‘Set the furrow slice 
on the edge because the air penetrates better, 
and plow eight inches deep.’ He employed a 
Dutchman once who plowed in that way and 
when he tried to get him to turn it over flat, all 
the satisfaction he got was, 1 It pe goot'—‘ it pc 
goot,’ When the corn came up, however, his 
neighbors asked him what he had done to make 
It grow so Unely. Since that time, he has always 
set the furrow on the edge. Mr. T. says, * turn 
the furrow over perfectly flat. The sod will rot 
better, and the crop will not suffer so much from 
drouth if the season is dry.’ Mr. B., another 
neighbor, asks 1 If we ever knew Mr. T. to get a 
very good crop.’ Do not know ; he is uot one of 
the first farmers. Mr, G. says, ‘ plow deep,’ he 
wants plenty of earth above the sod to plant and 
hoe in. Another says, * corn will not start so 
quick.’ Mr. B. lost his crop of corn one year 
by plowing too deep. But, says another, ‘If 
the corn does not start quite so quick it will 
make it up in the latter part of the season.’ 
Well, Mr. Editor, after bean ig these conflict¬ 
ing opinions I thought a medium would perhaps 
he safe, and plow a moderate depth, say, seven 
inches, do not turn the furrow flat, but so that 
the soda would not drag up, prepare the ground 
as well us I eun and plant moderately deop. 
Those who raise the best cry i >s of com in this 
neighborhood one year with another, plow 
rather shallow, do not turn Uu- .‘arrow very flat, 
plant in hills three and one-halt feet apart each 
way, four spears In a hill, plow their corn last 
time with shovel plow and hill up pretty welL 
No one doubts the propriety of selecting seed 
corn of the best quality, and with these condi¬ 
tions fulfilled one will seldom fail of a fair crop.” 
ESTABLISHED IN 1850, 
MOORE’S RURAL NEW-YORKER, 
AX ORIGINAL WEEKLY 
agricultural, literary and family newspaper 
CONDUCTED BY D. D. T. MOORE, 
With an Able Corps of Assistants and Contributors 
RURAL FARMERS’ CLUB 
Hon. HKNBY 8. RAN DALI., LL. I>., Editor of the De- 
partment of Sheep Husbandry. 
HON. T. C. PETERS, late President N. Y. State Ag'l 
Society, Southern Corresponding Editor. 
GLEZBN F. WILCOX, Associate Editor. 
Advice to Farmers Movinsr West. 
Under this title wo recently published au 
article from a correspondent in Iowa, which, as 
we expected, has elicited a somewhat caustic 
reply. The “ advice ” is thus commented on by 
“8. J. R,” Grinncll, Iowa: 
“Judging from the tone of it, I conclude that 
he would have 4 farmers who have lately moved 
to the West.’ do in all thingB os the old settlers 
do, and lest they might omit, from want of ob¬ 
servation, to imitate in every particular, I will 
mention a few things which he has uot. If * the 
old settlers’ throw their wheat into rail pens or 
on to the ground, and leave it with a slight cov¬ 
ering of straw, in a manner convenient for 
their's or their ucighbor’6 hogB to root in, do 
likewise; if they let their corn remain unhar¬ 
vested until spring, let yours remain also; if 
they wait until several heavy frost* have killed 
the grass before getting their hay, you should 
do so too, for you see it makes qnicker and dvn't 
turn black . Should ‘the old settlers’ leave their 
reapers in the field where lust used, or mowers 
In the slough where the last load of hay was cut, 
until wanted the next season, remember that 
you ‘have lately moved to the West,’ and to be 
successful must do as they do. If they born 
corn for fuel rather than cut the wood, which is 
at the door, burn corn too. 
And should you move * to a place, in the West 
where people have no barns’ you * should not 
he in too much hurry to build,’ but tie your 
horses to the wagon, and feed, them out of the 
bed after throwing the harness under it; so con¬ 
tinue until yon build a stable of poles and straw, 
and if before Christmas your cattle, for want of 
better feed, eat the straw away, leaving nothing 
bnt the bore poles, you must not cover It again, 
for it is necessary for the health of your horses 
that the stable be well ventilated, and it will he 
with our Western winds with a vengeance. No 
matter if the snow does blow in and gather in 
drifts about the horses feet, or lodge upon their 
hacks, it can all be cleaned out when the storm 
is over. If you move to a place in the WeBt, 
where there are no sheds or other shelter for 
stock, don’t by any means build any, for it will 
he a needless expense, beside, exposure will 
make your cattle hardy —some of them so ex¬ 
tremely hard that nothing but an April sun will 
thaw them out. One item more this time: if 
‘the old settlers’—the males I mean—should sit 
by the fire and see their wives, mothers or 
daughters go out on a cold winter morning to 
mi lk the cows, you must conform to the custom.” 
Tiik Rural Nkw-^'orkkr Is designed to be unsur¬ 
passed lu Value, Purity, and Variety of Contents. Its 
Conductor earnestly labors to render tbo Rural a Reli¬ 
able Guido on all the Important Practical, Scientific and 
other Subject* connected with the business of those 
whose Interests It realously advocates. A« a Family 
Journal It Is eminently Instructive and Entertaining — 
being so conducted that It can be safely taken to the 
Homesof people of Intelligence, taste and discrimination. 
It embraces more Agricultural,Horticultural,Scientific, 
Educational, Literary and News Matter, interspersed 
with appropriate, engravings, tbau any other Journal,— 
rendering It by far the most complete Aoricultural, 
Liteiuky and Family Newspaper In America. 
JIT Fob Terms and other particulars see last page 
WHERE OUR GRAIN GOES, 
Subelt it is well we should know, yet there 
is great want of correct information. Many 
suppose that England uses up most that is 
exported, and many a farmer thinks the greater 
part «f what is sent from his farm goes to some 
foreign country. The following factB — plain 
and simple, and from official sources — show 
how It really is: — When the British corn 
laws were repealed, the Inducement was held 
out by the English, and the hope entertained 
by our grain growers, that a large market would 
open there for products. Bat in twelve years 
after the repeal of the corn laws, from IBIS to 
18(30, our export* of bread stuffs to England had 
decreased, in proportion to our population, 
almost thirty per cent, even by English esti¬ 
mate, per cent. 
During the same years the British imports of 
grain from this country were only one-fifth their 
imports from other countries. 
Take our exports of provisions and hreadstuffs 
to Great Britain, and to all the Western Hemis¬ 
phere, from 184G to 18(30, and we find our yearly 
export* to Great Britain the least, and the de¬ 
mand this side the Atlantic much larger the last 
part of the time. The average of three years’ 
exports of provisions, closing with I860, was to 
Great Britain $5,796,368, and on this side the 
ocean $9,917,888. Onr exports of hreadstuffs to 
Great Britain for each of the 6ame three years, 
averaged 7,543,991 bushels; but to ports of our 
Western Hemisphere, 16,054,586 bushels. 
Chicago alone, often sends off in ten days 
more grain and flour tliau England hus taken 
from us each year, on the average, for twenty 
years post, and the grain export from that city 
in a single day often exceeds what England has 
bought of us in a whole year. 
In I860, the total products of our soil were 
$1,860,000,000 in value; our total exports of 
those products, $273,282,873, or but one-seventh. 
Taking out the cotton exports, and our home 
market and consumption was twenty times as 
great as our exports to ail foreign lands. We 
may safely estimate to-day the New England 
market is worth, to the Western grain grower, 
more than that of England, Our exports of 
breadstuff’s to Great Britain, from 1840 to 1860, 
averaged 9,302,144 bushels yearly, the highest in 
iS47 — the Famine Year in Ireland—30,494,694 
bushels; the lowest, 1,403 bushels in 1857, and 
bo varying from 2,766,059 bushels in 1859 to 28,- 
162,705 bushels in 1864. Our average exports of 
hreadstuffs to Great Britain in five years, from 
1853 to 1858, were less than a dollar per head of 
our population each year. Tims we see the 
English demand is smaller than that of our 
own |B 
Opr engraving represents a rear view of a I given satisfaction to farmers, may be seen by 
Potato Digger now manufactured and for sale | reference to the testimonials published in our 
by A. Mabcbllcb & Co., Shortsville, N. Y., to advertising columns. Two horses are sufficient 
whom all inquiries for inlbrnmtlon ehonld be to operate this machine; a double, mould-board 
addressed. This machine has been recently plow splits the row, and throws the earth and 
much improved by the Inventor, and It is now potatoes into the separators which constitute 
warranted to dig from four to six acres of pota- the wheels of the carriage. As the wheels re- 
toes per day in a.workmanlike manner. That it volve the potatoes are discharged in the rear of 
has been somewhat extensively used, and has the machine in good condition lor picking up. 
A Good Gate Latch. 
C. F. R., Rockford, Ill., sends a sketch of a 
gate latch which he has used for some time with 
great satisfaction. A represents the latch; B, 
B, B, wire hooks which hang the latch to one 
FEEDING BEES. 
peat the filling of the cells of the feed comb as 
oJfteu as emptied. 
The economy of the “cellar feed,” as I call 
it, Is seen thus: lu the spring of 1865 my bees 
came out with the average of 16 lbs. surplus 
each. In the spring of 1866, after better care 
during the winter, with a surplus average of 20 
lbs. This (1867) spring wittt a surplus of 14 lbs- 
each. And this surplus is in the brood chamber, 
just where it is needed. Now, can’t the out-of- 
door old fogies see that they can’t get a pound 
of box honey until the loss of honey by this 
unnecessary winter exposure is made up, and if 
I save that I get a remunerative amount of honey 
by this means alone V S. J. Fakkkk. 
Eds. Rural:—H. H., Paris, Oneida Co., N. 
Y., asks how shall bees bo fed, and gives a dole¬ 
ful account ot the poor honey year of 1860. 
Some of hi« complaints are true, yet my hives, 
all except one, laid up ample store, and most 
of them box honey last year, 1866. I am glad 
to Bee a writer state his difficulties plainly and 
manfully, a* “H. H.” docs,—for It enables one 
to reply kindly and fully. Now for my reply. 
First, the best way to feed bees is to put them 
early—soon after freezing cold commences—in a 
cellar, dark, dry and still, where the thermome¬ 
ter Is steadily about 40', or 3)5“ to 45*. When 
taken out in the spring they will have lost only 
5 to 10 lbs. stores. Out of doors they will eat 20 
to 40 lbs. stores. When in a cellar, each hive 
needs ventilation equal to two inch holes at the 
bottom and two such holes at the top of the 
hive, closed by wire cloth. I have put them in 
November 10th and taken them out April 10th, 
when they went to work immediately. Ventil¬ 
ated as just stated, the corn!® never get very 
wet with condensed perspiration and breathing 
of the bees; and they are quiet, if excluded 
from light and hot air blowing in. 
But if a man is Billy enough at this late day 
to let his horses stand out all winter in the cold, 
and his sheep or bees too, then he must feed. 
The best feed truugh is a hole or space cut in u 
bottom board and filled with cut straw, and the 
honey and molasses (boiled together) filled in by 
a groove. Ample devices are found in any good 
hook on bees, lor the top feeding. For top leed 
on my hives, I like to put a piece of comb 
(drone cells) filled with Byrup %, honey X> 
boiled together. A tin lamp can makes a good 
filler to pour out a fine stream ol' the feed into 
the cells of the comb. 
To prepare the comb lu the best maimer for 
feeding, cut off the calls on one side to ncqr the 
partition, cut a hole through the center about 
an inch iu diameter, leaving a margin of comb 
three to five inches about the hole cut in the 
comb. Now bore a hole, if there is room, 
through the top of the hive. There l» no diili- 
eulty In this summer or winter. I bore any 
number at any time. Place the hole In the comb 
over the hole in the hive, with the uncut cells 
upwards. If the bees do not corne up freely, 
break away, with a stick, tlu» comb inside the 
hive, so as to reach two spaces between the In¬ 
side combs. As the bees rush up, pour in a lit¬ 
tle feed out of the filler and fill the uncut cells. 
Cover the comb with a hive cap, and put a piece 
of old carpet over to keep the cap warm. Re¬ 
board of the gate, and permit it to play back 
and forth; <?, guide to keep the latch in place, 
the dotted lines show the place of the lateli 
through the post of the gate. When drawn 
hack, the latch rises slightly and readily clears 
obstructions; when the hand is removed it fallB 
again to its place. It is really self shutting. 
To Rid Htnbles of Lice. 
8. L., Sharon Center, N. Y., writes us, that 
“ having a Btablc infested with lice to the great 
injury of the Block confined iu it, 1 got rid of 
them by cleaning it very thoroughly, then 
sprinkling the mongers, floor, Btanchlous, boxen, 
die., with water and immediately dusting them 
over with dry, unleached wood ashes. It was 
left in this condition until the following winter, 
then swept, and the result is not a louse has 
troubled the stock housed in it since.” 
CEMENT GATE AND HITCHING POSTS. 
Edh. Rural: —Gate and hitching posts may 
be made of a cement composed of five parts of 
clean gravel and one part of water lime, mixed 
together in the Usual way of making mortar for 
cisterns. A mould should first be constructed of 
two-inch plank, made smooth on the inside, and 
of any desired shape or bizc. It should he fast¬ 
ened together with clamps so us to he readily 
taken apart. A mortice should be made through 
one of the planks large enough to admit the 
staple for the hitching post, or the hooks for the 
gate. When all is ready dig a hole to the depth 
of three feet, and of the required size. Fill this 
with the mortar, and place the mould over the 
hole with the hooks or staple in their proper 
position, with ft key to prevent their pulling 
out. Now fill up the mould with mortar 
to the top, and round off' to suit fancy. 
Let the mould remain four or live days till it 
“ sets,” then remove the clamps and the planks; 
smooth off, or stucco over as you like, and you 
have a post that will last for ages, and which is 
cheaper, all things considered, than wooden 
ones. 8mall stones inay tie put into the mortar 
as the mould is being filled np, and thus save 
mortar. These posts should be allowed to stand 
two or three weeks before being used, so as to 
be tlnrily cemented together. They Improve by 
d S ti ' J. S. Tibukts. 
Rochester, N. Y. 
Draft Attachment tor Double Team. 
J. Younglove, Ripon, Wls., tells na how he 
attaches two teams to the plow. A pulley is 
fastened to the end of the beam, and the chain 
by which both teams draw passes around tide; 
Action of Bones. 
Liebig says, “one pound of bones contains 
as much phosphoric add us a hundred weight of 
grain.” When the bones are finely ground the 
nitrogen they contain aids its ammonia to make 
the. bone earth into a soluble superphosphate, 
thus performing the office, in part, of sulphuric 
acid iu separating the carbonate from the phos¬ 
phate of lime. Burned bones, having lost their 
organic matter, are much longer insoluble in 
the soil. * 
Feeding town Diseased Potatoes. 
“Old Lady” writes ub that she has fed her 
cow with one peck dally of diseased potatoes 
boiled iu water slightly salted, and that the cow 
enfrera the spring In good condition. Slic que¬ 
ries whether to boil carrots or feed them raw. 
We Bhould feed raw; mash or slice them and 
Bprinkle on them ground oats and corn. 
the longest end passes under the cvener, by 
which the hindmost team draws, far enough 
ahead to reach the evener of the team in ad¬ 
vance. By this arrangement one team must 
draw just as much as the other. Our engraving 
makes it plain. 
The Corn Crop— Plowing and Cultivating. 
George Ewer, Mendon, N. Y., sends us a 
communication in which he Bums up the opin¬ 
ions and practices of his neighbors regarding 
the cultivation of the corn crop as follows: 
“ I belieye, Mr. Editor, that if a person, en¬ 
tirely unused to farming, were to ask my brother 
farmers how to proceed, he would think they 
Hemisphere, both are less than many eup- 
LjS pose, and the home market is much larger tbau 
g] ig generally thought. 
LJ every farmer remember one important 
JjT feet. The decrease of our home market makes 
fta us more dependent on the changes—often severe 
Fr and ruinous — in distant foreign markets, and 
Jvf these changes affect and govern now the prices 
eg here. It wheat in Liverpool fall six-pence on 
LY huehel, the Western fanner feels it in 
Iloru Ail iu Cattle. 
H. B. Burritt, Waocunda, 111., writes that he 
believes horn ail to be generally caused by inac¬ 
tion ef the liver, and that he has administered 
Bulpbate of iron a* a remedy with success. One 
tablespoonful every other day, dissolved In warm 
water was the amount given. If given in season 
one or two doses will effect a cure. 
TERMS, $3.00 PER YEAR.] 
. “ PROCRESS AND IMPROVEMENT.” 
[SINCLE NO. TEN CENTS. 
VOL. XYHI. NO. 17.1 
ROCHESTER, N. Y -FOR THE WEEK ENOING SATURDAY, APRIL 27,1007. 
i i - " -- - 
i WHOLE NO. 001. 
