ground, are pretty much out of the question, 
potatoes, peas, beaus and buckwheat will do to 
full back upon, with a fair prospect of remuner¬ 
ative results. Though some people have an 
is the gain of summer-fallowing; it is a cheap 
and good way of manuring land. Plow well and 
harrow quickly and thoroughly; harrow and 
gang-plow as much as possible until the 25th of 
ESTABLISHED IN 1850 
MOORE’S RURAL NEW-YORKER 
AX OBI C, IS AX WEBKLT 
CONDUCTED BY D. D. T. MOORE, 
With an Able Corps of Assistants and Contributors 
household or stoek purposes, and should be lib¬ 
erally planted as a substitute for other products 
less likely to mature. Peas, too, are in time, 
and may be found a great help iu carrying the 
farmer through the coming winter. Buckwheat 
makes good winter food, and may well occnpy 
ground designed for outs and barley, where these 
have failed to he got in seasonably. The potato, 
small as is its proportion of pabulum compared 
with its bulk, Is a family necessity, and should 
be liberally planted, because it will mature, 
though got In late, If suitable varieties for seed 
are selected. Iu a word; if too late to sow and 
plant what was designed for certain fields or 
portions of the farm, substitute something else 
that is in season, that the requisite volume of 
food ior man and beast may crown the labors of 
the summer. 
10th of June and 1st of July. 
Poultry .—Chickens fit for the spit will bring a 
good price this month. Very young chickens 
and turkeys need good care and shelter in rainy 
weather. It is cheaper to confine the poultry in 
a yard and feed, than to allow them to help them¬ 
selves in the grain fields. 
Hox. HENRY S. KANDALL, LL. !>., Editor of tbe De¬ 
partment of Sheep Husbandry. 
Hox. T. C. PETERS, late President N. Y. State Ag'l 
Society, Southern Corresponding Editor. 
GLEZEN F. WILCOX. Associate Editor. 
Tite KritAt, New Yobkbb Is designed to he unsur¬ 
passed in. Value, Parity, and Variety of Contents. Its 
Conductor earnestly labors to render the Rubai. a Kell- 
able Guide on all the Important Practical, Scientific and 
other Subjects connected with the business of those 
whose Interests It zealously advocates. As a Family 
Joubnax It Is eminently Instructive and Entertaining — 
being so conducted that It can be safely taken to the 
Homes of people of Intelligence,taste uud discrimination. 
It embraces more Agricultural.Horticultural,Scientific, 
Educational, Literary and News Matter, Interspersed 
with appropriate engravings, than any Other journal,— 
rendering it by far the most complete AaBiCbhTtfiu.L, 
LiTEK.UiV and Family Newspaper In America. 
ERGOT IN JUNE GRASS 
That ergot is produced on many varieties of 
grass is a well proved fact, and in moist cli¬ 
mates and seasons it is generally found most 
abundant. How serious the effect it may have 
ou stock, grazing infested pastures, iB a mooted 
question, though some attribute abortions iu 
cows chiefly to its influence. It has also been 
asserted to be the cause of disease iu the feet of 
cattle, causing them to freeze and rot away, in 
consequence of its lowering the circulation of 
the blood, and thus lessening the vital heat in 
the extremities. 
The formation of seed is essential to the pro¬ 
duction of ergot, and iu pastures this is most 
likely to take place in the common June grass. 
A moist season predisposes the seed to favor the 
j^“Fok Terms and other particulars see last page 
SCIENTIFIC FARMING. 
Strictly speaking, to farm scientifically im¬ 
plies such a knowledge of chemistry as enables 
the cultivator to analyze his soil and determine 
the relative force and quantities of the materials 
comprising it. The ability to d< v ils is ■•estriet- 
HINTS FOR THE MONTH 
ful to prepare all the materials necessary to the 
stacking process. If judiciously built, stacks 
may he made to play an important part in the 
sheltering of stock from the rigors of winter. 
This point is worthy of consideration. 
Raying — Should be begun this month hi the 
clover fields. Cut clover before it is iu full blos¬ 
som rather than after. Clover needs less curing 
than timothy or red-top, in the same stage of 
ripeness, to make it fit for the stack or mow. 
Far more damage is done from over-drying clo¬ 
ver for hay than from not curing it enough. 
Working Hoads. — Sometimes the highways 
are made worse rather than better by the way 
they are worked. IVe have scon hills made higher 
by tumpiklDg them on the top, and hard, firm 
tracks softened by hauling in mucky earth. Al¬ 
though more work, yet better roads could be 
made on hills by scraping the track unt il smooth, 
and deepening the side ditches by removing the 
earth to the bottom of the hill. 
Pastures — Are flush this month. There is 
plenty of fragrant grass for the stock; but there 
may not be in August. If yon are likely to be 
pinched, sow corn in drills to be cut and fed to 
stock on their pastures when the “dry spell” 
comes on. 
Cabbage. —Plant an acre to cabbage for late, 
fall and winter feed. 
FFupds. — Finish weeding the wheat and pull 
the thistles from the spring grain. Keep weeds 
from seeding. 
Summer *Fallow, — Plow under as heavy a 
feed with roots and bran, as it would support 
combustion in cold weather. I gave k'm $8 a 
ton for it—had it only been cut in June and 
cured in small cocks, it would have been worth 
double. What a pity this soi disait fanner is 
goiDg to poor old eliete Virginia, where, instead 
of having the benefit of good example, he will 
only add one more to the genus of shiftless farm¬ 
ers, and help to put the day of regenerate farm¬ 
ing there still further off. 
Last week I paid 815 a ton for clover hay 
when 1 was ottered timothy at the same price. 
It w T as tine, early-cut clover, the blossoms still 
veil, cured, but not overheated, in cock. This 
man knew how to save a crop after it was 
grown. He said fanning was too hard work 
to lose its profits by neglect. Ilis cows were 
as sleek as though they had betn slopped, but 
they had only been fed clover hay. When my 
cow made wbat the experts call an approximate 
analysis of this last hay, I was convinced that I 
paid too much for the first: instead of throwing 
it about in the manger to get the best parts, and 
wasting both stalks and decayed blossoms, she 
eats it quietly, and licks np the last mouthful— 
there is no waste to it, and it dispenses with 
much messing without decreasing the yield of 
milk. 
How often we see a farmer so ambitious of a 
large field of corn that he plants twice us much 
land to get the same crop, if all the manure and 
little more than hall the labor was applied to 
half the land. As bad a season as the last was, 
WHAT TO PLANT AND SOW 
Owing to the remarkable character of the 
present season, its low temperature and humid¬ 
ity, much ground designed for barley, oats and 
corn, is yet unprepared for the seed. Oats may 
do yet, though the chances for a remunerative 
yield are, to say the least, rather dubious, while 
those of barley are still worse. Corn has a bet¬ 
ter chance of success than either, should warm, 
dry weather commence soon and continue till 
September, os the general impression seems to 
be that it will. But the variety to be planted is 
a matter of much importance, as on this may 
depend a matured crop, or a partial and non¬ 
remunerating one. It would be hazardous to 
plant, at this late day, any of the slow maturing 
varieties, lbr, though they might succeed by the 
aid of a favorable autumn, the chances are that 
they would not. 
The alternative then is to grow no corn or to 
plant the old fashioned eight-rowed variety 
which matures several weeks earlier than those 
of stronger gro wth, but of tardy maturity. With 
an ordinarily warm season the eight-rowed yel¬ 
low will matnre by the lust of August, though 
the planting be delayed till the first of June. 
This we have seen verified in several instances. 
In one case, on new ground, the crop ripened, 
though the planting was not done till the third 
day of July. There is a chance for corn yet, 
and it should be improved where practicable. 
PER YEAR.] 
PROCRESS AND IMPROVEMENT.” 
[SINGLE NO. TEN CENTS. 
TERMS, S3. 
ROCHESTER, N. Y.-FOR THE WEEK ENDING SATURDAY, JUNE I, 1807. i WHOLE NQ.1000. 
vou. xvm. no. n .} 
AGRICULTURAL LITERARY AND FAMILY NEWSPAPER. AUgOSl, men piuw Wgmu uiuu at him, uuui.ww.iy tu ueuu» « 4 u*u w tu.w u. lul- 
_ Spread ou fine manure and cultivate for seeding, brated John Randolph towards sheep, still, 
__ _ _ rtM /» A _•__1_-1... n_____„_A.. aULau 4 V. 
OF A FARM COT'TLAG-E, 
Roots.— Turnips, sugar beets, carrots, etc., 
may all be sown this month; the beets and car¬ 
rots should have been planted earlier, bnt, a good 
crop may yet he grown. 
Potatoes.—Work in these as soon as the rows 
can be followed. Throw fresh dirt over the 
young plants with the cultivator as soon as they 
break through and cover them; this is the 
easiest way of hoeing them. They will break 
through again in a day or two with increased 
vigor, and the first hoeing will be done. With 
land in the proper condition, good tools and 
horses, and skill, the hand hoe has little busi¬ 
ness iu the potato field. 
Corn .—Keep the cultivator going. After the 
heavy spring rains the soil is compacted and 
needs much stirring. From three to five bushels 
of corn per acre ride ou your cultivator and are 
added to the yield each time you faithfully use 
it over the field. Plant missing hills with early 
varieties. Plaster pays on corn, ashes also. 
The Compost Reap —Should be made this 
month. Tbe stock yards should he cleaned; 
sods from fence corners and road sides mixed 
with thennmure; mnek and rotten leaves hauled, 
and ashes and plaster sprinkled in. The compost 
heap will make wheat when nothing else will, 
and wheat brings 83.50 per push el. 
Implements, —Look to the rakes, forks, mowing 
and reaping machines. Put the wagons and the 
racks in repair, Clean out the sheds and bums. 
Stacking .—If lack of baru room imposes the 
necessity of stacking, select the sites for each 
one before couimencing the harvest, being care¬ 
development of ergot. If, at the proper season, 
the grass in the pasture should be extensively 
ergotised, it would be well for the graziers to 
take precautions against injurious effects there¬ 
from. Breeding stock should he removed to 
other pasture, and we think it would he well to 
pass over the infected grass with the mowing 
machine, and clip tbe seed stalks, allowing them 
to rot on the ground. 
The accompanying plan of a farm or suburban 
cottage is somewhat novel, and presents a neat 
appearance for the amount it costs; but neat, 
cheap, well-arranged cottages are in greater de¬ 
mand than costly, palace-like dwellings. Tbe 
arrangement is odd, yet convenient, and if prop¬ 
erly finished will produce a pleasing effect. In 
In connection wo give an illustration of the 
appearance of J uue grass when this poison is 
prevalent. The engraving represents a bead of 
J'oa pratensis, natural size, infected with ergot. 
1, spikeleta In natural condition: 2, 2, 2,2, ergot¬ 
ised spikelets; 15, ergot magnified, surrounded 
with the. glumes at the base; 4, ergot detached 
from the glumes; 5, glume with cottony sub¬ 
stance attached, which is doubtless luneroid. 
ed to comparatively ;cw oi ttic*. mgagea m 
cultivating the soil, but this deficiency Is meas¬ 
urably supplied by practical knowledge, obtained 
from experience in farm management, on the 
part of the many. They know, by the appear- 
auce of growing crops whether under-draining is 
needful to secure more ample retnrus; whether 
sub-soiling will enhance productiveness, or the 
application of clay to soils apparently rich 
enough is desirable. It is experience, systema¬ 
tized, which governs such farmers in their ope¬ 
rations, and this is, at least, as near scientific 
fanning as a first eousinship. It is science in a 
crude, form, and valuable lbr the result flowing 
from it. If the ability and time are at command, 
to secure a nearer relationship to scientific farm¬ 
ing, use them by ail means; but if not, husband 
well the resources In possession and add to the 
store as experience and observation shall supply 
the materials. Much useful information may be 
gained in this way, though the possessor of it 
may he at a loss how to give it a scientific desig¬ 
nation. 
LOSSES INCIDENTAL TO BAD FARMING. 
Eds. Rural;—L ast fall a farmer, who has 
now removed to Virginia to better his fortune, 
brought me a load of clover hay that was cut 
after-wheat harvest, although he denied it. It 
was a dark brown mass of stalks and decom¬ 
posed leaves, but some of the bl Issoms were 
Intact and contained seed; and the hay, poor 
and wasting us it was, evidently contained more 
cnluMii f.Vinn utrnw irnd vnnVI fr. 
or grass as you can gci. xuui | Assuming that oats and barley, not yet in the 
this design the.parlor, P, is 1834 feet square; the 
kitchen, L, 13>4 by 1634; the bed-room, B, 
which has a small closet, 1334 by 9; the pantry, 
P, 634 by 8341 the hall, H, 734 by 734 . The bed¬ 
rooms in the second story are of the same size 
as the three lower rooms, and directly over 
them. The space over the pantry affords room 
for two good-sized closets. The rear gable ia of 
the same height as tbe two front ones, but the 
roof is less steep, inasmuch as tbe back part is 
wider than the front. 
We also give herewith the ground plan of a 
dwelling which may furnish some practical hints 
to those who need such. It was furnished by a 
best manuring and culture. ’Tis true that a good 
season helps a slack farmer more than it does a 
thorough one; hence it is that so many trust to 
the season for a crop, and if it fails the season 
bears the blame. I have never seen Indian corn 
fail in the garden since the year of the great 
eclipse. 
There would probably be as many bad mechan¬ 
ics as there are bad farmers, if they could only 
live by their trades. As a slovenly farmer lives 
chiefly on his own products, he need not quite 
starve; bnt the mechanic who depends on his 
customers, must do his work well or starve for 
want of an employer. 1 ouce knew a wagon- 
maker who undertook to make a very nice cov¬ 
ered sleigh lbr a man in a western city; he was 
so great a botch that the sleigh, when finished, 
tipped down forward so that a man hud to set 
on the back scat to keep the sleigh on even keel. 
The result was, that when he took it to its des¬ 
tination, the man gave him 840 to take it back, 
and he then sold It. at a great sacrifice and re¬ 
turned home; he is now a farmer in the Penin¬ 
sular State. „ lxxvt. 
A 
PLOWS-BETTER WORK NEEDED, 
Eds. Rural New-Yorker I want to inquire 
through your columns why it Is that some of 
the good plows, we frequently hear and read of, 
do not find their way to this part of the country, 
Within the past sixteen months 1 have tried six 
plows, each and every one of which was “ war- 
even the Ohio dent corn ripened well under the ranted to scour,” and so they dkl while I had 
friend in this city and seems well adapted to city, 
village or farm. Its apartments nrp, A, parlor, 
15 by 20; B, library with sliding doors opening 
Into the parlor, 15 by 13; C, bed-room, 15 by 13; 
GROUND PLAN FOR DWELLING HOUSE. 
D, living-room, 21 by 17; E, hall, 12 by 15; G, 
bath-room, 9 by 734 5 FI, closet, 9 by 7J4; I and 
K, pantry and china cloBet; J, kitchen, 14 by 19; 
L, L, verandas ; M, wood Mouse. 
them in the sand patch, but as soon as I took 
them to my field the ease was very different. 1 
almost despair of getting a plow that will do its 
work perfectly, and yet it seems to me such can 
he made as will operate satisfactorily. The pat¬ 
tern and build of the plows tried were all that 
could be desired, the main thing lacking being 
hardness of all the wearing parts. In each case 
this was the prime cause of failure. Some of 
the plows were whatl term “surface-hardened,” 
that is, on the outside they are at first so hard 
that a file will not scratch them, bnt after 
from one to four or five days use this hard 
surface wears off, and exposes a plate of soft 
steel that can easily be marked with a common 
knife. 
Now, what we need is a plow made of tho 
best steel, the mold-board and land-side as hard 
as possible all through, and tho lay, or share, 
but a little lower tempered. It seems to mo 
that American artisans are fully equal to this. 
There may be difficulties in the way that my not 
being an expert prevents me from seeing, but I 
do know that once in a while such a plow is 
lound, and then it works to the satisfaction of 
all concerned. I hope that some of your readers 
who are engaged in the plow bnsiness will get 
up a few suited to the soil of Central Iowa, aud 
send them out here. If they “fill the bill ” ho 
Is sure of a “good thing.” We have to pay 
from twenty-five to thirty-five dollars for a stub¬ 
ble plow, and it seems that for so much money 
we ought to get a good article. Gopher. 
Story Co., Iowa, May 14,1867. 
