shine the sun. Your inattention to your only 
source of wealth has seared the very bosom of 
mother earth. Instead ol having to leed cattle 
on a thousand hills, you have had to chase the 
stump-tailed steer through the sedge patches to 
procure a tough beef steak.” 
Alt this cau and will be chauged, in the fast- 
coming future, and it is the noble task of South¬ 
ern men of ability, intelligence, breadth of views 
and leading Influence, to accept this golden op¬ 
portunity for carrying on aud up condition 
of the people. Whatever the Rural can do in 
this shall be cheerfully undertaken, and in all 
fraternity of spirit we wouhl say to the men 
wise aud stroug enough to enter this rich held, 
CURIOUS PROPERTY OE IRON 
'Useful, SrirnJifir, See 
In 1850, Mr. Marsh, an able chemist ot the 
royal arsenal, England, discovered that it is in¬ 
variable with iron which has remained a con¬ 
siderable time under water, when reduced to 
small grains or an impalpable powder, to be¬ 
come red-bot. and ignite any substance with 
which it comes in contact. This he found by 
scraping some corroded metal from a gun, which 
ignited the paper containing it, and burnt a hole 
in bis pocket. The knowledge of this fact is of 
Immense importance, as it may aceouut for many 
spontaneous tires and explosions, the origin of 
which has uot been traced. A piece of rusty 
iron, brought in contact with a bale of cotton 
in a warehouse or on shipboard, may occasion 
extensive conflagration and the loss of many 
lives. The tendency of moistened particles of 
iron to ignite was discovered by the French 
ehemiat, Lemary, as far back as 1670. 
ORIGIN AND SEALS OP THE STATES 
BESSEMER STEEL, 
ARMED PEACE IN EUROPE 
office having instituted an 
Tor Belgian war 
inquiry respecting the armaments which are 
going on iu Europe, the following information 
has been obtained: 
France —180,000 Chasscpot rifles are In course 
of manufacture, the greatest portion to be flu- 
ished before the first ot March, 186$. 
Prussia.— The needle gun and rifled cannon 
system to be maintained. The gun manufacto¬ 
ries are very busy iu completing the stores for 
the arsenals; 1,100,000 breech-loading steel bar¬ 
rels have been ordered since the war. 
■The alteration of 600,000 guns on 
vel of glorious beauty. Olives, oranges and 
lemons grow ahunduutly. Sick people from the 
North often spend the winters on the coast 
where the air is very mild and even. 
St. Augustine Is the oldest town in the United 
States. Population of the State in 1860,140,424) 
Austria. 
the Wanzl principle ; 300,000 to he completed 
by the end of the year. 
South Germany.— Bavaria, Wertemberg, Ba¬ 
den and Heese - Darmstadt adopt the breech¬ 
loading gun, on the understanding that the 
system may be changed If the experiments which 
are going on at Munich are not found to be satis¬ 
factory. The Prussian rifled cannon is preferred, 
and large orders are in course of execution. 
England.— 150,000 Enfield lilies are already 
converted on the Snider principle; 350,000 guns 
of the same kind will be ready in the course 
of the year; 1,000 guns are befog converted 
every day in the government factories; 426 rilled 
of various calibre will be manufactured 
Fiourb G. 
THE SOUTH—ITS RESOURCES. 
WHAT HAS BEEN DONE — WHAT CAN BE. 
The Rural New-Yorker is devoted to the 
discussion of the best modes of farming, and the 
pursuits connected therewith, and to the giving 
such mental and moral food, such aid and sug¬ 
gestion lu the wise conduct ot life, as may help 
to a higher standard ol manhood and woman¬ 
hood, and make country life cheerful and health¬ 
ful. Intimately interlinked as are all industrial 
pursuits, we devote some share of attention to 
the great world of inventive genius, and skill, 
SENSIBILITY OP FLAME, 
A lecture on the sensibility between a flame 
under certain conditions, and certain sounds, 
was recently delivered at the Royal Institute ot 
Great Britain. Illustrating these phenomena, 
Prof. Tyndall said: 
“ Some of these flames are of marvelous sensi¬ 
bility ; one such is at present burning before 
you. It is nearly twenty inches long; but the 
slightest tap on a distant anvil knocks it, down 
to eight. I shake this bunch of keys, or theso 
few copper coins, iu my hand; the flame re¬ 
sponds to every tinkle. I may stand at a dis¬ 
tance of twenty yards from this flame; the drop¬ 
ping of a sixpence from a height of a couple 
of inches into a hand already containing coin, 
knocks the flame down. I cannot walk across 
the floor without affecting the flame. The creak¬ 
ing of my boots sets It lu a violent commotion. 
The crumpling of a bit of paper, or the rustic of 
a silk dress, does the same. It is startled by the 
plashing of a rain-drop. I speak to the flame, 
repeating a few lines of poetry; the flame jumps 
hundred fold in its preserving influence against 
the effects of the weather. The older aud more 
weather-beaten the shingles, the more benefit 
derived. Such shingles generally become more 
or less warped, rough and cracked; the appli¬ 
cation of the wash, by wetting the upper sur¬ 
face, restores them at ouce to their original or 
first form, thereby closing up tbc space between 
the shingles; and the lime aud sand, by filling 
np the cracks and pores in the shingle itself, 
prevent it from warping .—Mirror & Farmer, j 
Cement for Knife Handles. —1. Lay a piece 
of alum on the stove, aud when melted roll th« 
knife shank in it, and immediately thrust it firmly 
into the handle. It will soon be ready for use. 
2 . Fine brick dust stirred iuto melted rosin 
and used hot will fix knife aud fork handles very 
firmly. 
3. Mix equal parts of wood ashes and common 
salt with water enough to make a mortar. Fill 
the handle with this, and then drive in the shank 
and let it dry. I also fixed a stove spud in this 
way and it is very tight.—dm. Agriculturist. 
cannon 
by the end of the year. 
Russia.— 600,000 guns are being converted on 
the Carle principle (a modification ot tbe needle 
guu.) 300,000 will be ready by the beginning of 
next year. Nine hundred breech-loading can¬ 
non art? in the course of construction to com¬ 
plete the Held batteries. 
■The Chambers have voted a large 
Mississippi was settled by the Prencn, wuo 
founded Natchez in 1710; but was ceded to the 
English in 1763, made a Territory ef the United 
States In 1798, and a State In 1817. 
Along the Mississippi River, which is Us west¬ 
ern boundary, are swamps, often flooded by the 
river, in which the singular Spanish moss hangs 
from the branches of great cypress trees, giving 
all a gloomy aspect. 
Bluffs reach to the river occasionally, and the 
Interior is rolling land, hills and blntfi?, with 
heavy forests, and soli yielding large crops of 
cotton, ond in which figs, peaches, plums, sweet 
potatoes and corn can be raised abundantly. 
Its extent is 45,700 square miles, and the pop¬ 
ulation in 1860, 791,305. 
Denmark, 
sum for the conversion of the present guns iuto 
breech-loaders, but the model gun has uot yet 
been deckled upon. 
Holland — The conversion of the present arm 
into guns on the Snider principle. 
Italy, Spain, Portugal, Greece. — The 
breech-loading gun adopted. Spain and Greece 
have ordered cannon-from the manufactory of 
M. Krupp of Essen, in Prussia. 
Belgium.— Will continue the use of the rifled 
, Prussian cannons adopted in 1864, and will bring 
I into use the breech-loading small arm. 
of the South —premising that word by an ex¬ 
pression of belief rti.it tbe industrial triumph 
which her people lu achieve, in developing the 
wealth of soil, am? mine, aud forest, and put¬ 
ting farm and factory side by side, will be the 
opening way to coucord, unity aud enjoyment. 
Let us see what has- been done, and surely still 
more can be accomplished. Of rice, from 1850 
to 1860, some 200,000,000 pounds was the yearly 
product, and experiments have proved that it 
can be raised on a wider area; uot only on the I 
i irrigated Helds of South Carolina and Georgia, 
hut In other regions. In I860, the yield of sugar 
was 221,726,000 pounds, or about a third of our 
importation. As the cane can be grown, not 
alone in Louisiana, but in parts of Alabama, 
Georgia, Mississippi and Texas; this can be 
largely increased. The 5,600,000 bales of 400 
pounds each, of cotton raised in 1860 can be 
largely added to, over the wide range of the nine 
States that produce this great staple. The ex¬ 
periments in India 
THE ANILINE DYES, 
A new red has been obtained by Coupler, by 
a combination of two of the hydro-carbine bases 
of coal tar, which he has decided to be incapa¬ 
ble of yielding a color in their separate condi¬ 
tion. It i 3 named Toluen Red, and is pro¬ 
nounced the richest red yet known. The so- 
called aniline dyes are among the most beauti¬ 
ful results of chemistry. The series already in¬ 
cludes and ri - als the colors of the rainbow, and 
Coupler’s analysis promises indefinite varieties 
of beauties to come. Beginning with the ad¬ 
mired varieties of purple and r-ed, such as mauve, 
magenta, etc., additions Like that above named 
have followed, Including the splendid green call¬ 
ed verdine, unchanged by candle light, a blue -as 
clear as opal or the Italian sky, a good yellow, 
and a fair black. The intensity of these colors 
is shown in the fact that one grain of magenta 
In a million of water gives a good red, one in 
ten millions a rose-pink, one in twenty miLlions 
gives a blush to the water, and one in fifty mil¬ 
lions a reddish glow. 
HIST0EI0 SIGNET RINGS, 
WELL DESCRIBED, 
The linger-ring has long been worn, by both 
men and women, aud in Europe are choice col¬ 
lections of antiques, even from the days of old 
Rome, and the times of Charlemagne and Queen 
Elizabeth. Signet rings, with the “mark" of 
the owner, were used by royalty, nobility, and 
leading tradesmen, and are often curious and 
rich lu their devices. 
Fio. 3. Pm. 4. 
In 1800 the country including AAimama auu 
Mississippi was taken from Georgia and made a 
Territory. In 1819 Alabama was made a State, 
with its present limits. 
Its southern part bordering on the Gulf of 
Mexico aud Florida, for 50 miles, is low and level, 
with pine and cypress trees on the sandy and 
light soil. The middle of the State is hilly, with 
fine prairies and level plains, some open and 
some heavily timbered, with black oak, post 
oak, hickory, &c., and a rich, deep soil. 
Along the rivers are swamps and caue bot¬ 
toms, some of which are very rich. 
The northern region is mountainous, yet rich 
where not too broken. The Alleghany moun¬ 
tains touch the north-east front. Its growth in 
population has been rapid,— the fine soil and 
healthy climate of the interior being attractive. 
Cotton is the great staple, but wheat, core, 
rice and oats grow abundantly. 
It has 51,000 square miles, and is over three 
hundred miles loner. North and South. Popula- 
i, seem to iiuucaie urn uutmg 
quantity and quality together, we have the 
vantage-ground, which is of vast importance m 
the world's great marts. The long staple cotton, 
like the high priced Sea Island variety, can be 
gt-owu lu extensive districts, too. Years ago 
our Government was officially informed by our 
Consul at Naples, that Italian cotton lauds yield¬ 
ing less than ours, were held at S450 per acre. 
Tobacco has been, and cau be, grown in great 
quantities. 
! But our Northern products flourish South 
also, in every State, more or less. Tennessee is 
a great com granary; the wheat of Virginia is 
abundant aud of flue quality; flue truits, apples, 
peaches, &c., can be produced far more thau iu 
the past. The product of food, per head, iu 
I860 was largc-r than in New England, or even 
the Middle States, or any pan of the world save 
the North-Western States. In 1800, 230,000,000 
bushels of corn, 26,000,000 bushels of wheat, 
DEODORIZERS 
sources, $5,tX)0,uw. 
is four limes as great as the total product of the 
world less than thirty years ago. For the last 
thirteen years the yield of gold iu California has 
been decreasing, but the yield ot the quartz 
mines on the Pacific coast is increasing slowly, 
But it drifts away to Europe and leaves us—even 
with our rich mines—poor in specie. We must 
nrodnee and make more at home, and buy lees 
made up a larger supply per head, than in any 
part of oar country except on the Pacific. A Model i 
These are but glimpses of past results, and all posted on tbe 
these while a careless system, quaintly described specimen of t 
by a Southern orator, Henry A. Wise of Vir- vertisiug: 
gin in, in a speech at a political meeting iu his “Thishouii 
own State in 1855, was far too prevalent, lie dining-room £ 
gau ] ; _“Commerce has long ago spread her rooms, with 
sails aud sailed away from you. You have not, condition; tl 
as yet, dug more than coal enough to warm parlors torn £ 
yourselves at your own hearths ; you have set no entirely faille 
tilt hammer of V uleaa to strike blows worthy of palrs, not ev 
gods iu your own iron foundries. you have not cold in wittto 
j yet spun more than coarse cotton enough, in the j for gro •'•nee 
i way of manufacture, to ciothe your own slaves. 
! You have had uo commerce, no mining, no 
manufactures. You nave relied on the single 
power of agriculture. Your sedge patches out- 
Its Seal is simply the live oak auu a map, 
with cotton bales, workmen and railroad cars on 
either side._ 
“ Just a few words to fill up this corner.”— 
So say the printers, and they must be obeyed. 
Cant find anything short enough. Plenty of 
“long yarns,” hut just a little short piece is 
wanted. Boy- and girls, it in some trouble to 
get the Rural just right. But then, It’s some 
trouble, if you choose to fret about it, to do 
anything. Take things quietly, and do the best 
we can, and the trouble goes as a cloud passes 
from the sky. This just fills the corner, and its 
| all done. 
Copper alloyed so as to come under the term 
bronze has been made bard enough to receive 
and retain au edge so as to be used for cutting 
instruments, yet it is softened by befog heated 
and plunged in cold water, while iron and steel 
are hardened by precisely the same process. 
Pure parafliue is a good^preeervative for the 
polished surface of iron and steel. The paraf¬ 
fine should be warmed, rubbed on, and then 
wiped off with a woolen rag. It xvlll not change 
the color, whether bright or blue, and will pro¬ 
tect the surface better than any varnish. 
Politicians by trade should be confined to 
unseasoned food, for they don’t earn their salt. 
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