l&SfH 
ESTABLISHED 3N 1850. 
MOORE’S RURAL NEW-YORKER, 
AX ORIGINAL WEEKLY 
agricultural, literary and family newspaper. 
CONDUCTED BY D. D. T. MOORE, 
With an Able Corps Of Assistants and Contributors. 
HON. HENRY S. RANDALL, t.L. T>., Editor of the De¬ 
partment of Sheep Husbandry. 
HON. T. C. PETERS, late President. N. Y. State Ag’l 
Society, Southern Corresponding Editor. 
GLEZEN F. WILCOX, Associate Editor. 
The It oral Nbw-Vorkkk Is designed to he nnsnr- 
passed In Value, Pnrity, and Variety of Contents. Its 
Conductor earnestly labors to render the Rural a Reli¬ 
able Guide on all the Important Practical, SdeuUflc and 
other Subjects connected with the business of those 
whose Interests It zealously advocates. As a Family 
Journal It Is eminently Instructive and Entertaining — 
being so conducted that It can be safely taken to the 
Homes of people of intelligence, taste and discrimination. 
It embraces more Agricultural, Horticultural,Scientific, 
Educational, Literary and News Matter, Interspersed 
with appropriate engravings, than uuy other Journal,— 
rendering It by far the. most complete Agricultural, 
Literary and Family Newspaper In America. 
j^-Fob Terms and other particulars see last page. 
RURAL FARMERS’ CLUB. 
Yield of Corn, 
G. F, W., Muscatine, Iowa, writes:—“lu the 
Rural of May 11th, is an «Hlde on growing 
corn, by a “Western Pennsylvania Farmer.” 
He mentions raising 200 bushels of ears of corn 
per acre. In Iowa three heaping half bushels 
are counted equivalent to 70 lbs., or one bushel 
of shelled corn. I wish to ascertain the number 
of bushels of shelled com which is equivalent 
to his measurement of ear corn.” 
Best Horses for Farm Use. 
J. H. L., Shortsville, N. Y., discusses the 
relative merits of light and heavy horses for 
farm work in tills wise:—“ The hardest work on 
the farm for horses is breaking up sod which 
certainly Is not one-eightli of the whole work. 
Light horses, weighing 1,100 or 1,200 are beat 
for most of the other work; they are best on 
the road, and before the harrow, (not before the 
mower and reaper, we think.) At cross-plowing 
and harrowing a coach horse will do one-fourth 
more than a heavy draft horse. Beside it costs 
much more to keep the heavy horse, and on 
sandy, or wet soil, he sinks so much as to worry 
him. For all uses which the farmer has for 
horses, the medium-sized or coach horses are 
the best.” _ 
Remedy for Cut-Worm — Bells ou Sheep. 
E. R. D., Ontario Co., N. Y., writes that “ an 
acquaintance informs me that last year he used 
kerosene on part of his seed with perfect suc¬ 
cess against the cut-worms. The corn from the 
seed not thus treated was much injured.” It 
may be well to try this remedy, but it should be 
tried very cautiously, or the seed might be in¬ 
jured. We should have more faith in the appli¬ 
cation of the kerosene to the hill, before the 
com came up. 
Our correspondent also suggests that ‘‘It will 
pay every owner of a flock of sheep to put a bell 
on one of them, that can be heard ou any part of 
the farm as they will be sure to run and rattle 
the bell if disturbed by dogs, I have never had 
a sheep killed by dogs when there was a bell on 
one of the flock; a sheep-killing dog does his 
mischief when all is still.” 
Cheap Paint. 
C. 8., Darien, N. Y., writes that he has “tried 
water lime and milk as a cheap paint, and though 
it may answer very well for some old fence or 
rough outbuilding, yet it should not be used ou 
buildings that have once been painted as it soon 
flakes off aud reminds one of the appearance of 
a flock of sheep that have the scab iu the spring.” 
We think crude petroleum, thickened with 
some mineral paint, will be found as good a 
preservative for wood as can be had at tfle same 
rate of cost. The use of crude petroleum in its 
pure state as a paint or wash for the preserva¬ 
tion of timber is the subject of a patent, and the 
“rights” thereof are being extensively sold. 
There arc many patents issued that are wholly 
invalid when tested by the courts, though they 
answer the purposes of the patentees very well, 
which is to get all the money they can lbr 
“ rights.” This patent on the use of crude pe¬ 
troleum may or may not be legal; we would not 
give much for a State right and run the risk of 
an adverse decision if brought to the test. And 
if we thought it advisable to use crude petro- 
leunfos a preservative for fence stakes or barn 
boards, and made a compound by adding some 
other ingredient, we don't sec how the patent 
would be infringed, though It be as legal as law¬ 
yers can make it. 
Items for Plowmen. 
“Plow-Maker” sends ns the following sen¬ 
sible hints: 
1. While plowing always carry a wrench along 
that will lit every nut iu your plow, in Order 
to do this take the leather from an old boot leg 
aud tack it on the handle of your plow so as to 
mnke a pocket just large enough to admit the 
wrench. 
2. When you put on a new point don’t lay out 
your whole strength in screwing up the nut. It 
only wants to he snug. A hard point may be 
strained so as to break when it strikes the first 
stone. • 
3. A long evener makes a plow take more land 
than a short one. 
4. A plow will not rnn true if the wheel is 
worn so it wabbles. To prevent this wabbling 
and still keep the old wheel a while longer, take 
leather of sufficient, thickness and lay it inside 
the hub or around the axle. 
Yoriels’s Chickens. 
Bothram, Ogdensburgh, N. Y., writes:—“1 
have a curiosity to see those chickens; or, if 
Youiuk will please give me their gross weight 
when he commenced feeding them,— and their 
weight when the two barrels of corn and three 
of potatoes were nil fed out, and t,ho time they 
were eating it—it will perhaps satisfy my curiosi¬ 
ty. 1 have some of the curiosity that the Secretary 
of State hud when the United States Govern¬ 
ment sent West a certain Indian agent, wbo I 
well knew, aud who is now holding office in 
Washington. When he presented his bill for 
supplies to the Indians, the Secretary found iu 
figuring up the expense that each Indian, male 
and female, had eaten 23 lbs. of pork and 20 lbs. of 
flour, daily. His reply to the agent was, ‘I 
should like, sir, to see one of these Indians, or 
know his weight.’ ” 
B0TS IN HORSES. 
One of the evils to which horses are exposed 
when grazing is the attack of the minis cqui , or 
hot fly. Most horse owners are familiar with 
the appearance of this fly and its eggs, and the 
maimer in which it deposits them on the animal, 
but the accompanying Illustrations will help to 
enlighten the whole subject, and make us observe 
with greater interest the operations of the pes¬ 
tiferous fly whose season is near at hand. 
3 
and maintain their hold very strongly by means 
of two dark-brown hooks as the engraving shows. 
Many are the nostrums administered to remove 
_—< the hot, hut no medicine 
cj S'm ' 0 o I that is innoxious to the 
° o j horse will expedite their 
f o /0k emoval; some doubtless 
/ l 3|| Lave found that it is easi- 
I i er tn kM the animal than 
I / d e tu c h the parasite. 
\ 0 J The bot. fly possesses 
| / ttn instinct which leads it 
—J to deposit its eggs mostly 
on those parts which the horse is accustomed to 
lick, aud which are easily accessible to the ani¬ 
mal’s tongue; aud the great and apparently cause¬ 
less irritability which the horse exhibits when 
beset by its tormentor seems to spring from an 
intuitive knowledge of Its nature. 
THE USES OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 
TO AGRICULTURE. 
Many believe, and some soi, dmmt professors 
of chemistry have assorted that they could, by ana¬ 
lyzing apart of the soil, find out its mami rial defi- 
cii nces so as to prescribe the t he mineral and 
organic elements it, needs to make it productive. 
To show the fallacy of such bold pretension, 
it is only necessary to state the f a e 1 that 100 lbs. 
of j.i\.t*^Un.t.j ttotl ll*,,l to an uoi * of land has 
increased the yield of turnips iv-'rt: than nine 
tons over the yield of an acre in like condition 
without the phosphate. 
As an acre of soil six inches deep weighs 
about two thousand tons, 100 ihs, of super-phos¬ 
phate, mixed witli it would be less than one part 
in twenty thousand, and such minute quantity is 
far beyond the limits of chemical analysis. A 
chemist lu determining the amount of phos¬ 
phoric acid in the material he analyzes, feels 
well satisfied if a duplicate analysis agrees with¬ 
in one part In a thousand. Bocssinoault has 
well said that soil analysis “ was more curious 
tbuu useful.”* 
But when we come to the analysis of manures, 
the simple elements of plant food being there in 
smaller compass and almost free from the sand 
and clay of the soil, analysis can now come near 
enough tu the exact quantity of the munurial ele¬ 
ments to determine the real commercial value of 
the article. Hence it is that the venders of 
commercial manures In England, guano, super¬ 
phosphate of lime, &c., are under the necessity 
of having an analysis made of It in order that 
their farmer customers may know what they 
buy. A few years ago, an analysis was 
made of the fertile soil Of the Sciota bot¬ 
toms, which have been so loug successfully 
tilled without manuring. The result was that 
the elements of fertility were so sparsely and 
generally distributed throughout the finely pul¬ 
verized soil, that the chemist found them to be 
too minute to come within the reach of quanti¬ 
tative analysis. He therefore decided! that its 
fertility was due to the “ extreme .fineness 
of its particles,” which gave it a mechanical 
structure of great absorptive power. r ihis soil 
being of alluvial formation, is, of collide, very 
rich in every kind of soluble plant foodiand its 
absorptiveness enables it to hold water by capil¬ 
lary attraction to supply the growltt-- crop 
throngb the droughts of summer. 
* It is said that, ou hearing of the above! exper¬ 
iment, Horace Greeley bought him iquartz 
crusher, to reduce the rocky soil of hisl West¬ 
chester farm to powder. But I vouch Dot for 
the tale. i, w. 
* ** Pins bizarre que utile.” 
1, female fly about to deposit an egg; 2, the male fly; 
8, the egg, natural size; 4, the egg magnified; 5, 
the newly hatched bot; 6, the bot full grown; 7, the 
bead of a bot magnified: 8, the chrysalis; 9, bots 
adhering to the stomuch by their hooked mouths. 
The egg of the bot is made to adhere to the 
hair of the horse by meaiiB of a glutinous fluid 
secreted with it, and it becomes so firmly glued 
as to require coDsidenible force to detach it. It 
is generally supposed that in licking himself the 
horse loosens the eggs and conveys them to his 
stomach; but the fact Is, that after remaining a 
few days on the hair the eggs become ripe, so to 
speak, and the slightest application of warmth 
and moisture brings forth the larva. Thus when 
the tongue of the horse touches the egg it 
bursts open, a small, active worm is produced, 
which clings to the tongue and is thus conveyed 
to the stomach. Here they fasten themselves 
SOILING WHEN PASTURE IS SH01T. 
However much farmers may cling to 1 their 
good old habits and look with suspickni dis 
trust upon all new and untried systems oflfeed- 
ing, which would turn all their pasture! into 
corn, or grain fields, or meadows; still the) have 
found, by experience, that a thrifty patch otVreen 
corn fodder is a great help in August, Beitem- 
ber, and even October, when pastures are ILort 
and cows shrink their milk. Since dairyint baa 
become so important a part of our agricuBure, 
greater attention 1 b paid to giving the ciw a 
more uniform feed through the season, Vhan 
the postures alone furnish. Few localities!are 
blessed with pastures that yield a unifowffy 
abundant feed through the whole Season, und 
unless cows get other food, their general pro¬ 
duct will not enrich the feeder. 
When cows shrink their milk from deficicicy 
1 of food in a dry season, it is not easy again to 
mala Cr-tVS< Lxtt, OIL LOP - ElARLlD It A. I Hill'S. 
These beautiful animals we consider the most 
profitable and desirable of all pets; and, as we 
have had some experience in the rearing and 
management of them, propose giving a little in-* 
formation on the subject. 
They arc of several different colors—black, 
blue, fawn, yellow, grey and white, aud the va¬ 
rious mix tures of these colors. \V here attention 
is paid to rearing them for exhibition, great re¬ 
gard Is had for aptoper admixture of colors, and 
tirst-clasB “ markings,” and size, and length of 
ears also being important considerations. They 
are hardy, easily reared, and thrive well in the 
limited quarters generally assigned them by fan¬ 
ciers. They carry their young one month, and 
the young ones are weaned when two or three 
months old. Their principal food Is good hay 
and oats, with a variety of food in small quanti 
ties, clover, plantain leaves, dandelion, cabbage, 
and the various root crops, especially turnips, 
for winter food. Skimmed milk Is a valuable 
addition to their daily fare. We lost ten very 
fine young “ lops” lust, summer by an immoder¬ 
ate quantity of green food. Hay, oats and milk 
will keep them In the finest, condition. They 
are easily confined, and we have kept them in 
pens made of lath of hard wood (beech) without 
any difficulty from their gnawing. Soft wood 
they soon destroy. They will do well in any 
out. building, with a good roof and floor; as they 
should be kept from the damp ground. They 
are generally kept in hutches or cages, described 
in books as rabbit rooks. An old dry-goods box 1 
recover the full flow of milk. It often happens 
that a deficiency of food for only a few weeks, 
reduces the yield of milk through the season so 
materially as to render the result of the year a 
failure instead of a success. The cardinal prin¬ 
ciple of the dairyman should be to supply his 
cows, at all seasons, with an abundant, nutri- 
cious mid milk-producing diet. There should 
be no departure from this rule. Any want of 
liberality here will be punished, seven-fold, In 
the balance-sheet at the end of the year. 
It is now time for all dairymen to make pro¬ 
vision for this contingency . The best crop for 
early soiling is clover; and every farmer should 
have a small piece of ground near the barn, in 
clover, to be used for this purpose, If needed; 
if uot it will make excellent winter food. One 
acre of good clover fed green Is equal to four and 
sometimes even six acres of pasture. But corn, 
sown for fodder, will meet the most usual neces¬ 
sity of the dairyman—food for a dry August and 
September. Tiffs may be sown, say the 20th of 
May and the 10th Of June. Sow early, so as to 
bo used in August and the remainder for use at 
any time in the fall. And it should not be looked 
upon as an additional expense in keeping the 
dairy, for it is the greatest economy in feeding. 
One acre of good corn fodder is equal to from 
six to to ten acres of pasture, and worth much 
more fed green thau dry. If any one thinks the 
last figure extravagrant, let him measure off 
forty square rods of ground In heavy corn fod¬ 
der, and feed it to his cows, noting the length 
of time it will keep them, and compare this with 
two and a half acres of pasture. Some large 
m ikes a roomy hutch for a breeding doe or for 
two bucks. Each breeding rabbit should be 
kept alone t,o prevent lighting, The young ones 
may run together until six months old, when 
they begin to show their belligerent propensi¬ 
ties, aud should be separated. 
We purchased three line animals in New York 
City in July last, which were shipped during the 
excessively hot weather of that month, and all 
died ou the passage. They were perhaps im¬ 
properly exposed to the heat, although they ap¬ 
pear to be affected more by excessively hot than 
by severely cold weather. 
They produce from five to ten at oue litter, 
hut generally raise only from three to six, and 
the less the number the better they thrive. 
They are much larger than common rabbits, 
weighing from W to 12 lbs.—and occasionally 
heavier. Their cars being long and pendulous 
give them a peculiar appearance. The ears of 
my best, buck measure 18 iuehes from tip to tip. - 
They arc quite nu ornament to any homestead, 
and are one of the many little additions which 
may be made to render home more pleasant for 
the younger inmates; and even older persons 
find much to interest aud amuse In their various 
characteristics and management generally. Rab¬ 
bit keeping In England is quite a business—and 
indulged in by the wealthy for amusement. We 
have nque for sale, but simply offer these re¬ 
marks upon a subject as deserving as the keeping 
of poultry or canaries. Kockport. 
Cuyahoga Uo., Ohio. 
crops of corn fodder have been weighed green, 
and found to yield at the rate of sixty tons to 
the acre, equal to about seven tons of diy fodder. 
This is, no doubt, a large crop, but it demon¬ 
strates that corn Is one of the cheapest foods for 
the cow. It would be the best economy for 
farmers to reduce their pastures and increase 
tiicir green clover and corn to bo fed instead. 
They would soon find their farms too large for 
their Btock, arid their profit in increasing their 
stock and not their land. 
About one acre to eight or ten cows will be 
sufficient to help out the pasture in a dry time. 
It will also well repay the dairyman to feed 
small quantities of pea meal, oil meal and bran 
during the summer to his cows. It will more 
than pay back the outlay In milk, besides the 
better condition of the cow. The great study 
should be to keep the greatest number of ani¬ 
mals on the smallest quantity of land. Every 
additional animal, well kept, will, by increas¬ 
ing the manure, enlarge the capacity to keep 
morc ‘ E. a. s. 
-- - 
Texas Cattle Fever.— The Southern Cultiva¬ 
tor is of the opinion that the cause of the fever 
in cattle from Texas is owing solely or mainly 
to a change of climate. Cattle taken from the 
upland regions to low ones, will generally have 
the fever and die, while those bred and reared 
there will not be affected by the fever but rarely 
if at all. Cattle taken from a warm section to 
a cold oue would be likely to suffer iu the same 
way. 
YOU. XVIII, NO. 23.} ROCHESTER, N. Y.-F0R THE WEEK ENDING SATURDAY, JUNE 8, I8G7, 
IWIIOLE NO. 807, 
PER YEAR.] 
“ PROCRESS AND IMPROVEMENT.” 
[SINGLE NO. TEN CENTS. 
