feet and seven inches makes a building lortyfeet 
across, containing 1,325 square feet of floor, and 
with twenty feet posts will hold over fifty tons 
of hay. It will also be observed that the sides 
of this barn make 182 l'cct of outside boarding, 
while a thirty by forty feet barn has 140 feet of 
boarding, yet has but 1,200 square feet of floor. 
It requires much le3B lumber, as all the inside 
works are dispensed with, and less carpenter 
work in framing, hut there is a little more work 
in roof boarding and shingling. 
This form con be built, us a simple hay bam, 
for at least one-fourth less than the old style, 
besides being much more convenient. The up¬ 
per tier of timbers should bo bolted at the cor¬ 
ners with three-fourths or inch round iron about 
three and a half feet long to prevent spreading. 
These bards require less bracing than the square 
or oblong, as the roof forms a brace at the top, 
and each side braces against every other, are 
secure against wind, and the roof furnishes no 
lodgment for snow. e. w. s. 
ESTABLISHED IN 1850 
MOORE’S RURAL NEW-YORKER, 
AX ORIGINAL WEEKLY • 
AGRICULTURAL, LITERARY AND FAMILY NEWSPAPER, 
CONDUCTED BY D. D. T. MOORE, 
With an Able Corps of Assistants and Contributors, 
II 0 .Y. HENKY S. RANDALL, LL. R., Editor of tbe De¬ 
partment of Sheep Husbandry. 
Ron. T. C. PETERS, late President N. Y. State Ag’l 
Society, Southern Corresponding Editor. 
GLEZEN F. WILCOX, Associate Editor. 
The Rural New-Yobkbr la designed to be unsur¬ 
passed in Value, Purity, and Variety cf Contents. Its 
Conductor earnestly labors to render the Rural s Reli¬ 
able Guide on ail the Important Practical, Scientific and 
other Subjects connected with the business of those 
whose Interests It zealously advocates. As a Family 
journal It Is eminently Instructive and Entertaining- 
Figure a 
Figure 1 
AGRICULTURAL PROGRESS OF THE SOUTH 
The planter correspondents of the Southern 
Cultivator advocate more com and grasB grow¬ 
ing, gtock raising, and less cotton, at this time 
of transition from slave to free labor, when It 
costs so much to gTow cotton. One planter Bays, 
“we raiBe taxed cotton to buy untaxed hay, 
when our lands will make, from two to four tons 
of hay to the acre: that the tax on cotton direct 
and indirect, amounts Ui about, $20 per bale, and 
as a matter of pecuniary calculation cotton grow¬ 
ing to the neglect of general farming is suicidal.” 
Another planter at Cave Spring, Ga., says he 
made a large fortune by cotton, and lost it by the 
war; now he is beginning to farm on a valley 
farm In the mountains, growing grain, grass and 
Rtock. By such ft system he Buys, “but a few 
dollars are necessary, and by rotating, manuring 
and seeding dowu land to grass, clover, cow- 
peaa, <%c., a farm may be enriched and made 
He is fully convinced 
others 'removed. At the top oi the press is u 
strong frame-work, G, upon the projecting endB 
of which work the levers, D, upon the ends of 
which is a pair of pawls, E, which work iu the 
teeth, F, which are npon the face Of two strong 
side-posts. The frame, G, presses upon a fol¬ 
lower, H, Fig. 1. The action of the two pawls, 
E, is such that when the lever i» worked in the 
manner of a pump-handle, they force dowu the 
frame, G, with great power. When the hops 
are pressed sufficiently, the sides and ends of 
the press may be removed by lifting the latches 
which hold them together, and the bale may be 
sewed. Fig. 2 shows the press with the front 
removed, and the rear side inclined backward, 
exposing the bale. The letters refer to the same 
parts iu both engravings.” 
For farther information relative to this valua¬ 
ble Improvement see advertisement. 
” These arc strong 
As the hop - growing business is annually 
increasing in importance and magnitude, grow¬ 
ers and dealers in hops have occasion to adopt 
new inventions and improvements, Among the 
most important items to the hop-grower, as 
well as to dealers who have occasion to re-bale 
hops, is a good press, and hence we take pleas¬ 
ure in Illustrating and describing the celebrated 
Harris Hop Press, first patented in August, IStR), 
and since very generally introduced and highly 
approved In hop-growing sections. The pro¬ 
prietors of the patent—Messrs. Buckingham, 
Walsu Co., of Watervlile, Oneida Co, 
N. Y. — affirm that the Harris “has become 
practically the only hop press In the country ” — 
that, “so rapidly has it come into favor that 
four-jlj'th-i of the hops grown in the United Slates 
are halecl with this press" — and that “ it is simple, 
durable, not liable to get out of order, cheap, 
portable and easily worked, 
claims, but the proprietors affirm that they can 
be fully substantiated. They thus describe the 
press: 
“ In the above cuts, Fig. 1 show A the press 
complete. Tlio press is portallv, and may be 
taken apart so SB to pick in quite a small space. 
It stands upon a strong frame-work ol‘ timber, 
to which all other parts are attached. The sides, 
A, hook Into tbe bed-frume in such a way as to 
bo readily removed. They arc held In place by 
means of u latch, C\ which drops into a catch 
which is attached to the ends, B, and passes 
through the triune of the sides. The ends, B, 
are, only about half the height of the sides, and 
the space above them Is filled up by four movable I 
v. t ft aa aAAn«n/1 Htf htill/vn a uts<l TY11IV Ilf* * 
nr For Terms and other particulars see last page 
HINTS FOR THE MONTH 
July Is a month of heat and harvest. Com¬ 
monly it is the hottest month of the year; yet 
it is one which exacts severe toil from the 
farmer, for It likewise takes precedence of all 
other months in the gross amount of hay and 
grain harvested. Bnt we anticipate the farmer 
will work cheerfully during the present July, 
for, generally, the crops to he harvested are 
abundant rewards for toil. Finer 
promising 
wheat fields we have never seen even in those 
palmy wheat growing days when the rich har¬ 
vest was so golden and famous in the Genesee 
Valley, than recently on a hurried trip through 
some portions of Ohio, Indiana, Michigan and 
Illinois. Com, so far as we observed, stands 
well, and has a good color, though small; bnt 
we hear from some localities serious complaints 
of the ravages of the cut worm. This pest is 
becoming a formidable enemy to corn growers. 
Newly seeded grass fields will give heavy crops, 
and the spring-grown grains are dependent only 
on sufficient rain to yield satisfactorily. Pas¬ 
tures are flush, having sent up the grass so 
rapidly that stock is wallowing knee-deep iu it. 
Whitq clover is unusually plentiful. In respect 
to grass the first three weeks of J une made good 
all deficiencies caused by cold and backward 
May. So, despite the forebodings caused by the 
wet and chilly spring, farmers have now a cheery 
harvest prospect before them, and the business 
prosperity of the country depends very much on 
the abundance of this year’s crop. 
The Hay Field .—No crop deteriorates faster 
than clover when it becomes over-ripe. Do not 
let the brown heads dot the clover field. Cut it 
green, sun it a few hours, and let it sweat in the 
cock. We think it less work to cure clover for 
the mow than timothy, both being in tbe same 
stage of ripeness when cut. Clover will hear 
stacking in an apparently much greener state 
than most other glasses. Of course your tools 
for the hay field —the rakes, forks, scythes, 
wagon-racks and machines—are all in readiness 
Keep the work snag, and do not be tempted to 
risk too much grass down at once, taking the 
chances of the weather. 
The Grain Field .—If the weather is good, cut 
before fully ripe, il‘contrary cut later, shock and 
haul as soon as possible. It pays to bind wheat 
and oats well, and shock carefully so as to shed 
rain. A great deal of grain might be saved 
from sproutieg by careful and skillful shocking. 
Rake the stubbles. Barley can be handled best 
unbound. Reap it, and if heavy and somewhat 
green let the gavels dry a day, then cock it with 
barley forks. In this condition it will throw off 
a great deal of rain and cure well. If the weather 
is extremely hot, work early and late, and take 
long “noonings.” Strong tea, taken clear, is a 
refreshing beverage for the harvest field; it may 
be drank Avarm or iced, though if taken hot it is 
equally refreshing and more healthful. 
The Hoed Crops .—Machinery aids farmers to 
such an extent that time is found even in haying 
and harvesting to give some attention to the 
hoed crops. This is necessary. The late season 
crowds the work “all in a heap.” But hoeing 
can hardly be tolerated — only with the horse, 
pieces, secured by buttons, and which may be 
removed odc at a rime as the pressiag proceeds. 
One of the pieces, I, is shown in place and the 
more productive yearly.” 
that at the present cost of labor the taxed cotton 
crop can no longer be made profitable as a gen¬ 
eral crop, and that farming and fruit growing 
must be adopted in Us stead. To grow cotton 
successfully he says, “the land must be en¬ 
riched and labor economized so as to make one 
hand do what it takes three to do now; and by 
labor-saving machinery to make two hands do 
the work of five.” “ In Upper Georgia there Is 
a soil of unsurpassed productiveness, adapted to 
all the grains, cotton, clover, the grasses and 
tobacco, as well &s every variety of fruit.” 
Although grass will not grow as well in summer 
as it does in the high, cool, dairy region proper at 
tbo North, yet all Middle and Western Georgia 
has the best of fall and early winter pasture, 
and after February both the white and yellow 
I clover make good pasturage 
foundation and roof cost the same. The only 
addition to tbe expense is in length of posts, 
boards, one tier of girts and a few nails. The 
increase of labor is very little. But the increase 
iu capacity is, at least, sixty per cent., Avhile the 
expense does not exceed ten per cent. 
Bat we hear some one say, “ The roof wUl 
blow off, and tbe barn very likely blow down.” 
The roof may, perhaps, be exposed to a little 
stronger wind by the elevation, but with a little 
attention to the manner in which wind lifts off 
roofs, a remedy will be found. Roois, Avheu 
blown off, part at the side and sometimes iall 
both ways, but do not raise at the eaves and end 
over. Without observing this fact, barn build¬ 
ers sometimes anchor the foot of the ratter, 
leaving tbo ridge without security. It only re¬ 
quires each pair of rafters to be collar-beamed 
under t he ridge to re nder the roof secure against 
any wind not strong enough to carry off the 
barn bodily. The foot of the rafter may be an¬ 
chored also, but this is of less consequence. It 
is necessary to prevent the ham racking with a 
strong wind, to put in a pair of long braces on 
each end, reaching from the sill near each comer 
post to the top of the center post. A four by 
twelve inch joist will give the requisite stiffness. 
If the barn is long, a pair should also be placed 
in the center bent. The long braces will hold 
the barn more securely than all the small braces. 
We have a barn Avith 20 feet post*, standing on a 
wall seven feet high, presenting a broad side 27 
feet high and 34 feet long to the >vind, which 
'has withstood many gales that have bio,vn oil 
roofs from small, low bams in the vicinity. 
OCTAGON HAY BARN. 
We wish to recommend to our brother farmers 
i the octagon as the model form for a simple hay 
barn. It can be built without cross beams or 
interior posts, and leaves the whole inside space 
without any obstruction. This, as will readily 
be seen, offers great facility for pitching with 
the liorse-fork into side windows. And u-h there 
are no obstructions inside, the hay will settle 
even. There being eight sides, as many ivin- 
dows or pitching places, out and in. may be had 
as convenience requires. Besides a large barn 
may be built without uny long timbers. The 
longest Umber required, except for rafters, to 
build a bum fifty l’eet across, is only twenty-four 
j feet, if the timbers ore halved together at the 
comers, which is best, or but twenty feet nine 
J inches if beveled together and a tongue mortised 
: in and pinned—that is each side is twenty feet 
i and nine inches. An octagon with sides sixteen 
and you should so manage the work as to be able. ity. Early cutting produces a rich aftermath 
to run through the corn and potatoes even in and preserves tbe meadow from the withering 
baying time. While the machine is mowing tbe 
men can cultivate. 
Turnips —May be sowu in the corn and potato 
field, if space is left vacant by the working of the 
grub, wire-worm or other cause. It is better to ' 
have a LilJ of turnips growing where the worm 
has destroyed the corn than a hill of weeds. If 
you have neglected planting other root crops 
you have yet a chance lor turnips, and should by 
all means try and grow a partial supply for win¬ 
ter use. 
Cabbage —For feeding to -stock is a profitable 
crop. It is good all through the autumn months, 
and Avith little care and shelter may be kept good 
for stock until the middle of winter. One acre 
of cabbage is worth four of meadow for feeding 
cattle. Cabbage as well as turnips may be 
profitably grown in the corn field where worms 
have taken the corn. The large flat Dutch, 
Drumhead and Marblehead Mammoth are excel¬ 
lent kinds for feeding purposes. 
The Summer Fallow — Should be thoroughly 
harrowed. July is rather late to plow a tough, 
old sod lor wheat, especially if the summer be a 
dry one. Clean clover leys may be plowed late 
in the season — even in August, and if the work 
be well done it is a good preparation for wheat 
without a second plowing. Collect all the 
manure possible to give such fields a top-dres¬ 
sing with. 
Weeds .—July is full of peril to the. farmer 1 
from his great enemy—weeds, llis danger Is j 
from their seeding. It is better that a shower of 
rain fall on the unbound •sheaves than for a 
shower of Canada thistle blossoms to fail on 
the bare earth. 
STABLE FLOORS, 
it appears that 
all the Northern grapes which thrive at the 
South change their habits and become winter 
grapes, and grow even during tbe warm days of 
Avinter. The yellow clover or Spotted Lueerr, 
(Medicago Mandator) a very prolific biennial 
which freezes out here, grows nearly through the 
winter iu Middle Georgia, and is becoming a 
favorite forage plant; this with red clover and 
oil the other leguminous plants, being very rich 
in nitrogen, cannot fail to enrich the soil, either 
as a green arop plowed in, or when fed to ani¬ 
mats, and the manure well saved and applied to 
the soil. The editor of the Southern Cultivator, 
who is also a practical farmer, says that all the 
South wants to make it the most prosperous 
farming country in the world is more attention 
to grass growing and stock raising bo as to en¬ 
rich their land and make twice the present growth 
of cotton to the acre, and even at less expense. 
He said that their cattle had lived on the white 
and spotted yelloiv clover since Feh’y, and then 
in March red clover was two feet high. In West¬ 
ern New York no village cow was admitted to 
pasture until after the 20th day of May, But 
alter nil, cotton must continue to be the great 
paying crop of the South, and general farming 
and stock growing is the cheapest and most cer¬ 
tain means of enriching the soil, so that fewer 
acres will produce more cotton at less expense 
than under the present system. lxxvi. 
HIGH vs. LOW BARNS 
THE HAYING SEASON 
Farms of any considerable dimensions—espe¬ 
cially stock ones—usually contain portions vary¬ 
ing not a little in soil and position. Some 
sections may be what are denominated “ bottom 
land,” thickly coated with turf and proof against 
the effect of tbe summer sun. Other portions 
more elevated will naiurally be put down to 
clover and timothy and these require early mow¬ 
ing. If left till lute in the season before being 
mown, the sun will scald the roots oi' the grass 
and prevent an alter growth or such a one as an 
earlier cutting would have supplied. The gaiu 
in bulk from late mowing, if there is any, is 
more tbuiFcountcrbalanced by the loss in qual- 
Preserving Meat.— The Central Railroad is 
preparing to carry beef to market In cars lined 
with cork, a non-conductor of heat. The atmos¬ 
phere is forced through the car iu chambers at 
both ends, keeping up a constant circulation tf[ 
cold air. Cattle can thus be slaughtered near 
their pasture grounds and be brought to market 
in a fresh and wholesome condition. 
TERMS, $3.00 PER YEAR.] 
"PROCRESS AND IMPROVEMENT.” 
LSINGLE NO. TEN CENT8 
VOL XVIII. NO. 27.1 
ROCHESTER N, 
Y.—FOR THE WEEK ENDING SATURDAY, JULY f>, 1807. 
1 
1 WHOLE NO. OH, 
