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architecturally the east is <Ae front. The ground 
on that side is level, and at tit distance one 
has a fine view of the noble front, seven hundred 
and fifty feet of stairways, and pillars, and stat¬ 
ues, and long ranges of noble windows with 
their exquisite ornaments of carved marble, aud 
the majestic dome over the center. 
A beautiful square some acres in extent is on 
the cast side, and in its center the colossal figure 
of Washington, of which we give an excellent 
view. 
beauty and tee beast. 
Wsadotts ®ojpks 
PHYSICAL SCIENCE, 
OBIG-IN AND SEALS OF THE STATES. 
THE DOME AND EOTUNDA 
OF THE CAPITOL, WASHINGTON, D. C. 
ruin coma nor nnvn neon more complete nna in¬ 
genious. When bis affairs came to be looked 
into, ami his liabilities had boon met, it was 
found that on immense fortune h^d been mud¬ 
dled away, and that scarcely anvthimr would be. 
left but a small furnished cottage, which had 
been given for her life to nn old aunt just de¬ 
ceased, and which reverted to Fanny, her god¬ 
child, and the small sum which still remained 
in the three-per-cents, of which mention has 
been made, and which could not he touched un¬ 
til Belle, the youngest of three daughters, should 
come of age. 
After two or three days of miserable confu¬ 
sion,— during which the machine which had 
been set going with so much trouble still re¬ 
volved once or twice with the force of its own 
impetus, the butler answering the bell, the foot¬ 
man bringing up the Coals, the cook sending tip 
the dinner as usual, suddenly everything eol- 
lapsed, and the. great mass of furniture, servants, 
human creatures, animals, carriages, business 
and pleasure engagements, seemed overthrown 
together in a great struggling moss, panting and 
bewildered, and trying to got free from the con¬ 
fusion of oarticles that no longer belonged to 
one another. 
First, the cook packed up her things and some 
nice, damask tablecloths and napkins, a pair of 
sheets, and Miss Barly’s umbrella, which hap¬ 
pened to be hanging in the hall; then the three 
ladies done off with their father to the cottage, 
where it was decided they should go t.o be out 
of the way of any unpleasantness. He had no 
heart to begin again, and was determined to give 
up the battle. Belle sat w ith her father on the 
back seat of the carriage, looking up into his 
face a little wistfully, and trying to be as miser¬ 
able as the others. Slip could not help it,—a 
cottage in the country, rain, roses, novelty, clean 
chintzes instead of damask, a little room with 
mignonette, cocks crowing, had a wicked, mor¬ 
bid attraction for her which she could not over¬ 
come. 8he had longed tor such a life when she 
had gone down to stay with the Ogdens at Farm- 
borough last, month, and had seen several hay¬ 
stacks and lovely little thatched cottages, where 
she felt she would have liked to spend the rest 
of her days; one in particular had taken her 
fancy, with dear little latticed windows, and a 
pigeon-cote, and two rosy little babies with a 
kitten toddling out from the ivy porch; but a 
great rough-looking mini hud come up in a 
slouched wide-awake and frightened Emily Og¬ 
den so much that she had pulled Belinda away 
iu a hurry..but here ft sob from Fanny 
brought Belle back to her place in the barouche. 
Anna felt she must bear up, and nerved herself 
to the effort. Upon her the Mow fell more 
heavily than upon any of the others. Indignant, 
injured, angry with her father, furious with the 
managers, the directors, the shareholders, the 
secretary, the unfortunate company, with the 
Bankruptcy Court, the Ogdens, the laws of fate, 
the world in general, with Funny for sobbing, 
and with Belle for looking placid, she sat blank¬ 
ly staring out of the window as they drove past 
the houses where they bad visited, and where 
she had been entertained uu honored guest; and 
now—she put the hateful thought away—bank¬ 
rupt, disgraced! Her bonnet was erushed in, 
she did not say a word, out her lace looked quite 
fierce and old, and frightened Fanny into lrcsh 
lamentations, These hysterics had been bro’t 
on by tlie sight, of Emily Ogden driving by in 
the new barouche. This war quite too much for 
her poor Iriend's fortitude. “ Emily will drop 
NOMBEll NINE 
From Arlington Heights, miles away to the 
west, from the Navy yard as far distant east¬ 
ward, or from any part of the wide city, the 
great dome of the capitol is in sight,—a wonder 
to those who have never seen it, ns great, a won¬ 
der to those who see it daily. Go up the broad 
Pennsylvania Avenue toward the south-east and 
it is in full sight. Stop at the entrance of the 
capitol grounds, stand by one of the open gates, 
look up the broad slope of rising walks and 
grassy terrace, higher up, over fouutains and 
trees there it is, in its noble symmetry, four 
hundred feet above you,— over three bundled 
feet from basement to the crowning image of 
Liberty, the rest is the rise from your standing 
place. Go up the paved walk, with rippling 
water, and Hashing fountains, and flowers, aud 
the grateful shade of tall trees on either side and 
above you, up a long fight of stone stops to 
reach the top of the grassy terrace, stop a mo¬ 
ment to see th« hundreds of gold fish, in the 
water tank, on np another flight to reach the 
entrance of the basement, still np the solid 
stairs, now marble, to a swinging door yielding 
to the motion of the hand, pass through, aud 
you are in the Rotunda—the great circular- 
room beneath the dome, of which our engraviug 
gives a sectional view. There may be hundreds 
of people there, but no crowd. It is about a 
hundred feet in diameter. 
3KAI. OF OntO. 
In 1788 forty-seven persons, from New Eng¬ 
land settled at Marietta on the wild bank of the 
beautiful Ohio river, and soon after some Penn¬ 
sylvanians stopped near Cincinnati, and some 
French emigrants near Galllpolls. From this 
small beginning iu the forest grew the great 
State with Its cities and railroads, and rich farms, 
and schools, uud churches. 
In 1802 Ohio was made a State of the Union, 
ami had a population in 1860 of 2,3:10,611. Its 
area is about 40,000 square miles. Along the 
Ohio river are broken hills. On the Miami aud 
other rivers are rich lands, finely cultivated. 
The level lauds in the northern part feed many 
cows, and a great, deal of cheese and butter is 
made. Corn and wheat are produced iu large 
quantities. The north-uastern part of the State 
is called the Western Reserve, or New Connecti¬ 
cut, as it formerly was owned by Connecticut, 
aud is settled mostly by Now England people. 
The seal, with a (lat-boat, herds of cattle, and 
men In the forest, tells of the occupations of 
the early settlers. 
and despise science, is unconsciously impreg¬ 
nated with her spirit, and Indebted for bis best 
products to her methods. I believe that the 
greatest intellectual revolution mankind has yet 
seen is slowly taking place by her agency. She 
is teaching the world that the ultimute court of 
appeal is observation and experiment, and not 
authority; she Is teaching it to estimate the 
value of evidence; she is creating a firm and 
living faith in the existence of immutable moral 
and physical laws, perfect obedience to which is 
tin- highest possible aim of the intelligent being. 
But of nil this your old stereotyped system of 
education takes no note. Physical science, its 
methods. Its problems, and its difficulties will 
meet the poorest boy at every turn, and yet we 
educate him in such a manner that he shall cu¬ 
ter the world as ignorant of the existence bf the 
methods aud facts of science as the day he was 
born. The modern world iB full of artillery, and 
we turn out our children to do battle in it, 
equipped with the shield aud sword of the an¬ 
cient gladiator. 
Posterity will cry shame on us if we do not 
remedy this deplorable state of things. Nay, if 
we live twenty years our own consciences will 
cry shame on us. The only remedy is to make 
physical science an integral part of primary ed¬ 
ucation. I should look upon the day when 
every schoolmaster was a center of genuine, 
however rudimentary, scientific knowledge, as 
an epoch In the history of the country. 
Let me entreat you, as teachers, to remember 
my last words; mere book-learning In physical 
science is a delusion and a sliam — what you 
teach, you must first know, and real knowledge 
of science means personal acquaintance with the 
facts, be they few or many. 
The half nude old Roman style of drapery 
gives one a little chill, grateful enough in Au¬ 
gust, but it is a grand figure. The little Indian 
figures at the corners of the chair are delicately 
chiseled. 
COLLEGE AND OTHER LACONIC WRITING 
The Portland (Me.) Press tells of a letter from 
Theodore Tilton to the students of Bates’ Col¬ 
lege In regard to giving an address at their Com¬ 
mencement in Jnly. It. was laconic, as follows: 
“New York, May, 1867, Yes, Theodore Til¬ 
ton;” but it took some time to know whether 
the central word was yes or no, or Nebuchad¬ 
nezzar. 
This letter would go with one written by a 
President of a Michigan Railroad to a farmer on 
the line, directing him to move his barn that a 
new track might he laid over the site. The 
agreement had been previously made, and the 
farmer knew what the letter was for, but could 
not read it. Going to Detroit boou, be showed it 
to the conductor on the ears as a pass, who, 
seeing the signature, supposed all right, and the 
letter served as a free pass all the year. 
These recall an English correspondence, la¬ 
conic, but clear to the parties: 
A father aud son wore coal-dealers in different 
ports. The father had bought a lot of coal at the 
port where the son was, and sent to have It 
shipped aboard his vessel at the dock. We 
give the correspondence: 
Dear Son —; Your Father. 
The answer was — 
Dear Father — : Your Son. 
Semi-colon,— see my coal on. Colon,— coal on. 
Here’s another: An actress, not of the highest 
standing, had a graceless son. He writes:—“Dear 
Mother, I’m in jail;” and she replies — “Dear 
Son, So am I.” 
Short and pithy, indeed! 
SEAL OF INDIANA. 
In 1703 a few French Bottled at V ineennos, but 
in 1768 there were very few people in the great 
forests or on the prairies of the territory. In 
1816 Indiana was made a State and has since 
reached to a population of 1,340,428, in 1860. It 
has an area of 88,800 square miles. Along the 
Ohio there are broken hills, but most of the 
State is rolling or level, and the greater part was 
covered by heavy forests. The Wabash Valley 
and Other river valleys arc very rich, and yield 
vast quantities of corn. On the northern bor¬ 
der are beautiful prairies interspersed with 
groves and lakes, FrniI >w finely, and the 
natural wealth of the soil is great. Coal is found 
in the central or western part, and manufac¬ 
tures of wool, &e., are growing important. 
Its seal, with the buffalo on the prairie, the 
woodman and emigrant wagon, calls uj> the 
pioneer life. 
MAGNETIC LIGHT 
Some great and very extraordiary discov¬ 
eries have recently been made iu England in 
connection with magnetic batteries, which ren¬ 
der it probable that magnetic light will eventu¬ 
ally be used for illuminating our cities. It is 
stated that all that Is required for the perfect il 
lamination of a large city is a tower tall enough 
to project the light to every portion of it, and 
strong enough to stand the coucusBion of the 
powerful wheel muchiuery employed. The ex¬ 
pense is trifling; and the light is said to be so 
intense that when brought to hear in full force 
on a piece of metal at a distance of fifty yards It 
fused it completely. We suggest that the “ full 
force ” be used ouly In the winter season, when 
this ncwly-discovcred light will undoubtedly not 
only put an end t.o the extortionate demands of 
the gas companies, but bring down the price of 
coal in a wonderful degree. 
us, I know she will,” nobbed Fanny. “O, Auna! 
will they ever come and ask us to their Thursday 
luncheon parties any more?” 
“ My children,” said Mr. Barly, with a placid 
groan, pulling up the window, we are disgraced; 
we can only hide our heads away from the world. 
Do not expect that any one will ever come near 
us again.” At which announcement Fanny went 
off into new teara and bewallings. As for the. 
kind, bewildered, weak-headed, soft-hearted lit.- 
man, he had been so utterly worn out, barras«ed 7 
worried, and wearied of late, that it was almost 
a relief to him to think that this was indeed the 
case. lie sat holding Belle's hand in his, strok¬ 
ing and patting it, and wondering that people so 
near Loudon did not keep the roads iu better re¬ 
pair. “ We must be getting near our new 
abode,” said he at last almost cheerfully. 
“ You speak as if you were glad of our shame, 
papa,” said Anna, suddenly turning round upon 
• CROSS SECTION of rotunda. 
Large pictures are on its walls, some of them 
excellent, others not. The “Departure of the 
Pilgrims in the Mayflower” is the best. The 
wife ol' Miles Standish is a figure and face of 
wondrous beauty, yet simple, natural, womanly. 
Besides these pictures are rich earvings, historic 
busts in stone, and the exquisite fitness of archi¬ 
tectural device and proportion — panels, pilas¬ 
ters, entablatures, the grand arch of the dome, 
so strong yet so sell-sustaining, and almost two 
hundred feet above, the great fresco painting by 
Brumidi, an Italian,—heathenish and allegorical 
its design, which is much criticised, but beauti¬ 
ful in its coloring and effect. 
Still above is the smaller dome with the lan¬ 
tern, and crowning that the bronze “ Liberty,” 
colossal yet not seeming so, in its lofty place. 
TYRANNY OF HABIT 
SEAL OF ILLINOIS. 
In 1682, La Salle, a Frenchman of great en¬ 
ergy, came from Canada and founded Kaskaskia 
and Cuhokia, in the center of the State. But 
the number of Bottlers Increased slowly, as they 
were far away from other white people. In 1809 
there were less than 10,000 people In the terri¬ 
tory. In 1818 Illinois was made a Stute, and has 
since been rapidly settled, its population in I860 
reaching to 1,711,951, on an area of 56,405 square 
tnileB. The center of the State, or rather the 
larger part of it, Is a series of broad and rich 
prairies, most of them not marshy, but gently 
rolling and very productive of grain, as well as 
There are 
AMERICAN FEET 
In 1866 a lady sent for a physician to see her 
husband. He was highly esteemed, at case in 
wealth, and had no special disease, hut no 
strength, appetite or enjoyment. The physician 
frankly told the wife that her husband was the 
Victim of long and incessant stimulation by 
liquor. Not drunkenness, but to such degree 
that he could not live three months unless the 
habit was broken. She told him, and his answer 
was, “1 can't do it.” He died a victim, tq« 
weak to be saved by friends, family or fortune. 
In 1825, when yellow fever raged in New Or¬ 
leans, nearly 5,000 drinkers died before a tem- 
peruQce man was taken. In the same year, when 
cholera swept off one in sixty at Albany, but 
one in twenty-five hundred strictly temperate 
were taken. Let our habits bn good, and their 
power will be freedom, lifting up, never tyranny, 
dragging down. 
A late number of the New York nyde and 
Leather Journal notices a few of the differences 
hi the shape of the pedal extremities of people 
in various sections of the country. Shos made 
for one locality are not adapted for all. For in¬ 
stance, a broad shoe, wide in the shank, is best 
adapted to the Eastern trade, a narrow sole 
meeting with but little favor. Rhode Islaud, 
though the smallest State in the Union, can boast 
of some of the biggest feet that ever trod sole- 
leather. The Middle States require slimmer 
shoes aud higher In the instep than the East. 
The Instep grows higher as we progress south¬ 
ward, commencing with Virginia, and the foot 
shorter and more plump. Rarely, at the North, 
does a full-grown man wear less than a No. 6, 
running up in the scale of sizes to No. 11, but at 
the South many a full-sized man wears fours and 
fives, and seldom over nines. 
“ O, hush!” cried Belle, indignantly. Fortu¬ 
nately the coachman stopped at this moment on 
a spot a very long way otFfrom Capulet Square; 
and, leaning from his seat, asked if it was that 
there little box across the common. 
“ O, what a sweet little place 1” cried Belinda. 
But her heart rather 6ank as she told this dread¬ 
ful story. 
Myrtle Cottage was a melancholy little tumble- 
down place, looking over Dumbleton Common, 
which they had been crossing all this time. It 
was covered with stucco, cracked and 6tained 
and mouldy. There was a stained glass window, 
which was broken. The veranda wanted paint¬ 
ing. From outside It was evident that the white 
muslin curtains were not so fresh as they might 
have been. There was a little garden in front, 
planted with durable materials. Even out of 
doors, in the gardens in the suburbs, the box 
edges, the laurel bushes, aud the lusty old jas¬ 
mines, are apt to look shabby In time if they are 
never renewed. A certain amount of time and 
money might, perhaps, have made Myrtle Cot¬ 
tage into a pleasant little habitation; but 
(judging from appearances) its last inhabi¬ 
tants seemed to have been in want of both 
these commodities. Its helpless new occu¬ 
pants were not likely to have much ol‘ either to 
spare. A little dining-room, with glass-drop 
candlesticks and a rickety table, and a'print of a 
church and a dissenting minister on the wall. 
A little drawing-room, with a great horsehair 
BOfa, a huge round table iu the middle of the 
room, and more glass-drop candlesticks, also a 
6 mall work-table of glass over faded worsted 
embroidery. Four little bed-rooms, mous¬ 
ey, musty, snuffy, with four-posts as ter¬ 
rific as any they had left behind, and a small 
black dungeon for a maid servant. This was the 
little paradise whicli Belle had been picturing to 
herself all along the road, aud at which she 
looked round half sighing, half dismayed. Their 
bundles, baskets, blankets, were handed In, and 
a cart full of boxes had arrived. Fanny’s parrot 
was shrieking at the top of his voice on the nar¬ 
row landing, 
“ What fun!” cried Belinda sturdily, instant¬ 
ly setting to work to.get things in so”me order, 
while Fanny lay exhausted upon the horsehair 
sola; and Auna, in her haughtiest tones, desired 
the coachman to drive home, aud stood watch¬ 
ing the receding carriage until it had dwindled 
away into the distance,—coachman, hammer- 
cloth, bay horses, respectability, aud all. When 
fit to pasture great herds of cattle, 
forests and rich bottom lands on the rivers, and 
the southern part Is more hilly and has more 
trees. As the prairies are settled and trees 
planted for shelter from the winds, and for 
orchards, they are very pleasant. 
The seaL has an eagle on a rock, emblem of the 
stability of the Union, and the steamboat, and 
reaping machine on the broad prairie. 
A WISE GENEROSITY 
Theodore S. Faxton, Esq., of Utica, who is 
largely interested in some manufacturing estab¬ 
lishments in that city, Is about to do a handsome 
thing for the benefit of the operatives. His plan 
is to erect a line building in the western part of 
the city, near the cotton mills, at a cost of about 
$20,000, which shall be exclusively their own, to 
contain a suitable Hall for lectures, with Read¬ 
ing-Room, Library, and all such arrangements 
needful to mental and moral Improvement. It 
is designed to make it a place far more attractive 
than the grog shop, and so, not only improve 
the condition of those who frequent it, but per¬ 
chance also save 6ome from utter ruin. It is a 
wise and noble work, and will long stand, we 
trust, a suitable monument to the sagacity and 
liberality of the founder. 
■The Department of State, 
The Silk Plant, 
at Washington has received Information from 
the United States Counsel at Lambayeque, Peru, 
that an important discovery bad recently been 
made in Peru of the silk plant. Preparations 
were being made to cultivate it upon an exten¬ 
sive scale. The shrub is three or four feet in 
height. The silk is enclosed in a pod, of which 
each plant gives a great number, and is declared 
to be superior In fineness aud quality to the pro¬ 
duction of the silk worm. It is a wild peren¬ 
nial, and seed small and easily separated from 
the fiber. The stems oi the plant produce a 
long and very brilliant fibre, Buperior in strength 
and beauty to the finest linen thread. Small 
quantities have been woven in the rude manner 
of the Iudians, aud the texture and brilliancy is 
said to be unsurpassed. 
THE WORD WITHOUT THE BLOW, 
I remember when a boy how one of our 
neighbors always excited wonder, by his manner 
of driving bis oxen. There was none of the 
loud shouting aud hallooing, the flourishing and 
cracking of whips, that I was accustomed to see 
in others; but he walked quietly by their aide, 
or rode in his seat, never raising his volco above 
his usual tone, never speaking a second time; 
but whether he wished them to advance or stop, 
turn to the right hand or the left, he gave the 
appropriate word, as he would speak to you or 
me; and what most of all upset my ideas of the 
requisites of a teamster was, they always obeyed 
him. Whether the load was light or heavy, 
whether hauling stones or uprooting stumps, 
’twos all the same; they girded their stout necks 
to the yoke with a right good will, as though 
they had found a master for whom “ duty was a 
pleasure and a law.” 
- 
• V-Ma, y~t- 
Origin of the Term Perfume.— The first 
perfumes were obtained by a combustion of ar¬ 
omatic woods and gums, (hence the name por- 
funurn, “through smoke,”) and the first use 
primitive nations made of them was to offer 
them on the altars erected to their gods, per¬ 
haps with the mystic idea that their prayers 
would reach them sooner wafted on the blue 
wreaths of smoke, or for the less poetic purpose 
of counteracting the smell of the flesh burned 
in their sacrifices. Modern incense derives its 
sweet balsamic Bmell from benzoin (Styrox ben¬ 
zoin) which also formed one of the chief ingre¬ 
dients in pastiles and fumigating powder. 
Anthracite Coal Supply. — Our anthracite 
coal fields cover some 740 square miles and 
some 10,000,000 tons are mined yearly. With 
the prospective increase of demand, and ouc 
wasteful use, the Scientific American estimates 
the supply will be gone in 180 years. Our bitu¬ 
minous coal fields cover 206,469 square miles, 
aud ere the anthracite supply Is gone science 
must step in aud master some new mystery of 
nature’s laws to give a substitute, probably bet¬ 
ter still. The English arc discussing the possi¬ 
ble failure of their mines, as their area is but a 
seventeenth of ours. 
The surgeon may heal a bodily wound, but 
what balm can bind up the bite of a slanderous 
tongue ? Robbery may be recompensed by res¬ 
titution ; but how can you ever make amends 
to the man you have traduced? Remember it 
as a truth, that not all the wealth you have in 
the world can wipe away the wrong you have 
done in such a cose. 
liberty. 
Ample windows in the dome send down light, 
and on special occasions at night, the blaze of a 
thousand gas lights makes the great Rotuuda 
seem like some brilliant place of pageantry in 
an enchanted laud. 
Although both the east and west sides of 
the Capitol have their stairways and porticos, 
The richer a man makes his food, the poorer 
he mokes his appetite! 
