grapes ure buried the keg, or whatever they may 
be packed in, should be water-tight. If mois¬ 
ture penetrates, the grapes will not keep.— Gtr- 
mantomi Telegraph. 
As the apple is the most valuable of our fruit 
products, and possesses in the most eminent de¬ 
gree the quality of long keeping when properly 
treated, it should, be the aim of the grower to 
add to its valuable qualities, and therefore to the 
profit of the crop by skillful and careful hand¬ 
ling. The methods now generally practiced by 
farmers of packing and marketing their apples 
are capable of being greatly improved. In many 
localities the fruit is shaken from the trees and 
carried to market in lumber wagons, and then 
transferred to barrels. When the dealers fur¬ 
nish farmers with barrels and the fruit is put up 
in the orchard for a stipulated price, the aim of 
the seller is quantity and not quality. He culls 
out as few eider apples as possible, and seldom 
or never makes more than one grade. We be¬ 
lieve the best course in the end, both for the 
- 4 
fruit grower and the fruit buyer, is for the for¬ 
mer to buy his packages, put his fruit up in such 
shape as he deems best, and then sell it in the 
market for the price its quality will command. 
This fa the course the best and most extensive 
fruit growers follow, and they find it to their 
interest to bestow the utmost care in preparing 
the fruit for market, as customers are always 
plenty, ready to pay remunerative prices for the 
best articles. 
As it is now seasonable we will offer some 
suggestions regarding the handling of apples, 
passing by the summer and fall varieties, And 
treating of the hardy and long-keeping kinds, 
on which we depend for winter and spring sup¬ 
ply. The time tor picking is usually October. 
At any rate the fruit, should be gathered before 
being exposed to severe frosts, for these weaken 
its power to withstand decay aud ultimately de¬ 
teriorate the quality. Cool, dry weather is the 
most favorable, and certainly neither dew nor 
rain should moisten the apples when picked. 
Most of the fruit must be gathered by hand, and 
ladders of various lengths arc needed. Scattered 
frnit, on the ends of limbs can bo reached by a 
fruit gatherer attached to a pole. If baskets are 
used they should have hooks attached for hang¬ 
ing them to the ladder or limbs of the tree, and 
if the fruit is transferred directly from them to 
the barrel the baskets should be of such shape 
and size as to permit being turned and emptied 
readily In the package. Perhaps the most con¬ 
venient arragement for picking Is a common 
grain hag with its mouth propped open with a 
stick, and the upper and lower corners tied to¬ 
gether. This can be slung on the shoulder, and 
both hands are left free for picking the fruit. It 
is also very convenient to empty the apples from 
the bag, as it can be placed in the bottom of the 
barrel or basket and then withdrawn, depositing 
Horticultural Notes and Queries 
H EA» QUARTERS 
FOU ORIGINAL 
‘w Kittatinny Black- 
berry .Plants, 
5lT Ilf Pronounced by the 
3f highest (tlrtntiretted author- 
W? ltles In the country to bo 
w the 
Rcxi lilnckberry Known. 
r Every wi<le-awuke Rural reader 
will have It, a» prices are low. Cata¬ 
logue,with this year's t«Rtlmony,re%ly 
Oct. 1st—K) cte. Price Hat gratia. Ad¬ 
dress K. * J. C. WILLIAMS, 
_Montclair, N. J. 
,' V,NK GROWERS* GltAPB SUGAR 
ffihn.n'ri 5 ' HARTMANN, ,V LAlHT, 47 I’ut’d 
on application °“°* 1 aro I»hlctB Bent free of charge up- 
l^RHIT AND ORNAMENTA l 4 TREKS - A 
Wliob-Miil £ 1 wui?*i 4 lag&ru Nursusiiea.* For 
’ h' M,.y^OflpnvoCata^KUfH address 
E - MOODY as HONS. Lofocnort. N. Y. 
AVRR.UIR BIZS, 
Downing says that this admirable pear com¬ 
bines in some degree the excellence of the Doy¬ 
enne and Bergamotte. It originated iu Western 
New York, in Livingston county. It ripens the 
first of autumn—occasionally iu August—and 
eontiunes for some time afterward. The fruit 
resembles that of the Virgaliou; it is apt to rot 
at the core if not gathered early. The flesh is 
white, moderately tine-grained, half buttery, and 
has a very flue, rich flavor. 
The OitAfi! Crop.—T he grape crop in Pleasant Val¬ 
ley and along the Shores of Crooked Lake promises to 
be a full one. It is a week or more In advance ol lust 
year. The earlier varieties, such as the Hartford Pro¬ 
lific and Delaware, are being gathered and forwarded 
to market. High prices are anticipated, owing to a 
partial failure of the clop at the West in conHecpteucc 
•f the rot. 
T DON’T SCRATCH 
, You I—Or Tear Your 
An gola, Erlu^oV.N. Y o 
I .> UOiVNON, GRAVES & SKLOVICU, 
Washinglun Street Nurseries, 
G b n h v a , nsr. y., 
Offer for the present Pall a large and well grown stock of 
Fruit and Onui meniiil Trees, Evergreen*, 
Shrubs. Roue*, Sinull Fruit*, *c. 
— A4.HO— 
NATIVE AND FOREIGN GRAPE VINES, 
Very healthv aud strong. Hedge Plants, Pluui and 
Cherry Seedlings, and a lull supply of general Nursery 
articles. Wc Invite correspondence or u personal exam¬ 
ination of our stock. DiB-’iteo 
he pressed hard enough to bruise them, but suf¬ 
ficient to prevent rattling in future, handling. 
For late keeping, it is best to store apples in 
cool, dry cellars, laying the barrels on their 
sides. They need not be brought into the cellar 
until the approach of freezing weather; it is 
best, in fact, to pile them under cover in a more 
airy situation. Dryness, and a low, even tem¬ 
perature are the chief requisites to loDg keeping. 
STRAWBERRIES — SOIL 
An experienced cultivator of fruits, remarking 
on the strawberry, in the Boston Watchman and 
Reflector, says “ The soil best adapted to this 
berry Is alight loamy one, although strawberries 
will grow on almost any soil—but the best re¬ 
sults are obtained on those of the character 
named. If the soil is poor, it should be manured 
at the rate of twenty-five tons per acre—if a 
composition, lime should not form a part. This 
should be spread broadcast over the ground and 
plowed under six incheB deep in the fall. Cross 
plow early iu the spring aud pulverize well. 
Planting .—When the ground is ready, take a 
one-horse plow and turn two furrows together, 
raising a ridge about four inches above the gen¬ 
eral levol. These should be straight and four 
feet apart, and the plants twenty Inches asunder 
in the rows. When runners begin to make, 
train them in the direction of the rows, thus 
leaving a chance to use the cultivator between 
them till the first of July, when reliance must 
be placed upon hand hoeing to keep the ground 
clear of weeds.” 
Keyes’ Early Tomato. —J. T. Ogden, Owego, 
says of this tomato that it opens up more rapidly 
than some other varieties, more bushy in lmbit of 
growth; requires leas support, and loss given t.o rot¬ 
ting ou the vines than the older sortM, but. is little, If 
auy, earlier and quite too small for profitable cultiva¬ 
tion, The claim of being thirty days earlier than the 
older varieties is pronounced to be simply untrue. 
THE WALTER GRAPE 
Catalogues, Pamphlets, Ac., Received.— Price 
List of Small Fruits^ Grape Vines, &c., cultivated and 
for sale by H. B. Litm, Sandusky, Ohio. 
Price List of the Canadeeaga Nurseries. Address 
Richardson & Bellows, Geneva, N. Y. 
Eds. Rural New-Yorker:— Much ado has 
been made recently through the columns of the 
Rural New-Yorker about the Walter grape. 
Now, I hava no knowledge of the grape in ques¬ 
tion, nor of the gentlemen on either side of the 
subject, but I have have been thirsting after and 
Becking for grape knowledge for thirty years, and 
perhaps these Wultcr grape men, or some of the 
horticultural editors of the Rural, ean give me 
light on the following points: First—is the 
Walter the result of artificial crossing of the 
Delaware and Diana? Second—Will the crossing 
of two plants well known to be general failures 
from a lack of constitutional vigor, produce a 
plant perfectly hardy V Investioator. 
West Zanesville, Ohio. 
Remarks. —OB the first point we reply to “In¬ 
vestigator” that we have no accurate knowledge 
of the means used to produce the Walter grape, 
and as to the second we arc not aware that the 
Diana is “ well known to be a failure from luck 
of constitutional vigor.” Further, we wish 
“Investigator,” and all our readers, to under¬ 
stand that, because we open our columns to the 
illustration and description of new fruits, im¬ 
plements, &e., which are attracting considerable 
public attention, we do not thereby endorse 
and praise them as deserving public favor. Both 
sides of a question arc often presented in the 
Rural, and our intelligent readers svill have no 
trouble iu discriminating between the opinions 
of correspondents and those of the editors. 
Sulphate of Lime—Cider,—(R. E. V. It.) Cider, 
kept sweet by the use or sulphate of lime, soon be¬ 
comes flat and unfit to drink. Let the cider ferment 
and rack it twice before the first of April, then bottlo 
and you will have a fine summer drink. 
JiRUIT TitEKrt AND SEEDLING* ALSO 
Uni' 0ruin' vines trom lat/er*, cheap. For Whole- 
1« Urlcc UbI, address 
Wl It_A. HAMMOND, Geneva, N. Y. 
TTNPARALLELED INDUCEMENTS <] 
U ed, to Induce you to set Small Fruits. A cliao 
all to gut Plants tree. Address (stamp unclosed,) 
98Mt P. SUTTON, F • - 
DUUEMENTK 
mall Fruits. A cli 
(stamp 
TTON 
Beverly, N. .f. 
Apple Seeds.—(J. 8.) Apple seeds should be plant¬ 
ed late in the fall or very early in the spring. If win¬ 
tered over they should be kept in boxes, mixed with 
sand slightly moist, and stored in a dry, cool place. 
COAL ASHES — FRBIT TREES— MULCHING 
WLLS0N’8 EARLY AND KITTATINNY 
_ RJjACKBERRY, 
PHILADELPHIA HMorocnn c, 
And other SMALL FRUITS, at lowest prices, all war¬ 
ranted true to name, with qoud roots. .Semi lor Price 
List. EDWARD REEVE. Medford, Burlington Co., N. J. 
G. W. P., Hamilton, Ill., wants to know, 
First—whether coal ashes are good to put on 
fruit trees. 
We answer that such ashes have no fertilizing 
value worth mentioning. They are valuable for 
stoue fruits, when put upon the grouud about 
the trees on a space equal to that shaded by the 
top. They make, when put on au Inch or two 
thick, a covering so compact ns to prevent the 
curculio from reaching the soil for their custom¬ 
ary domicliatiOH in it. 
Second—Whether mulching fruit trees in the 
fall with straw is proper; or whether, in the ease 
of peach trees, it would not aid the borers. 
We do not think it advisable to put straw 
around the trunks of trees, a? it makes a harbor 
for mice, however it may affect the borer. 
Mulching is good ou the ground under the trees, 
but it should not come in contact with the 
trunks for the reason stated. Mulching in the 
way proposed, whether done in the fall or spring, 
is no doubt of great benefit to fruit trees. 
VARIOUS ORIGINAL RECIPES, &c, 
T7" ILiPATRICK. Ilil* <:<•!«- 
I V United Ram, (eeo engraving in Rural, Dec.. 15, istw,) 
bred by IIoil. Wm. R. Sanfoihi, of Orwell, Vermont, 
wlllsUud for servlet; or Ewes, at. Alexander, Genesee 
comity, N. V. Senium 10 commence Sept. lotu. 
TER tvr S , 
KII,PATRICK Is of pure Infiuitado stock : sire Comet, 
dam by Cross Ram. we are near the depot* of N Y. 
Central and Erie Railroads, where owes will bn received 
without delay, by freight or express, aud cared lor free 
ot charge for u reasonable time. For particulars Inquire 
by letter or call aud i xnnilno. We have tor sale a few 
choice Kwch and Rams, IJOWKEU A mi.SU 
Canning Green Corn.— The following, from 
0. A. Hoyt, Hudson City, N. J., should have 
appeared several weeks ago, but hast been over¬ 
looked till uow. He says:—“Strip the corn 
from the cob and fill the jars—glass ones are the 
best—and add cold water, filling them two- 
thirds full; set them in some larger vessel of 
cold water and boil for Jive hours. Then fill the 
can with hot water and secure the lid so as to be 
air-tight, when It will keep lor any desired 
length of time. The time given for boiling, to 
preserve it, may seem absurd, when one-tenth of 
that time is sufficient for table use, but corn is 
very different from fruit iu this particular. It 
takes a much longer time to expel the oxygen 
from the former, and if acetic fermentation bus 
commenced in the least, it cannot be retarded 
as it can iu fruits. This peculiarity of corn, 
peas, <fee,, not being generally understood, it 
has been the cause of many failures in attempts 
to preserve them. Even experts have been 
obliged to cofffine their efforts to the tin can 
with soldered Joint, for the obvious reason, that 
even with this long boiling, it is not always cer¬ 
tain that all the oxygen is expelled, which if it 
is not, will have a tendency to burst the can, 
which brings it iu contact with the atmosphere 
causing acetic fermentation and spoiling the 
whole. After the jar has become cold, should 
the oxygen not all have been expelled, it will 
show itself In from three hours to a week by 
forcing up the cover to allow the gas to escape, 
in such a ease take off the cover and boil us be¬ 
fore, for fifteen or twenty minutes. It will 
rarely occur, if boiled as above directed—aud, 
if ever—seldom more than once, when the 
saving of the contents will more than compen¬ 
sate for the extra trouble.” 
ft O S T & CO., 
GENESEE VALLEY NURSERIES 
GROWING CHESTNUT TREES FROM SEED 
Eds. Rural New-Yorker : — Myself, with 
many others, want more information on plant¬ 
ing chestnuts. Last fall I put some under 
ground two feet, aud some ou the top. Both 
were sprouted one-half inch in the spring. I 
then planted some iu^round that had been sum¬ 
mer-fallowed the previous year. Part we put in 
holes among loose stones under a rail fence, and 
covered some with rotten wood, and some with 
loose earth from to inch iu depth. It then 
became very wet, and they all rotted. They 
were planted ou oak jyid chestnut land. Now, 
will you or some one else tell us how to do bet¬ 
ter ? Peter DuBois. 
Ithaca, Tompkins Co., N. Y. 
Remarks. —Our correspondent should not be 
discouraged by one failure. Try again. Make 
a seed bed this fall ou fine, mellow aud dry soil, 
which has sufficient drainage. Plant the nuts 
from four to six inches apart on this bed, leaving 
spaces for suitable working. Cover them with 
fine soil-leaf-mould would be excellent — 
to the depth of an inch or leas over the 
upper surfaces of the nut6, and over all spread 
two or three inches of forest leaves for winter 
protection. In the spring rake away the leaves, 
and when the sprouts appear place more earth 
around them. Be careful that they do not suffer 
from drouth the first season. The young trees 
should not stand more than two years In the 
beds, aud when transplanting shorten the tap¬ 
roots. 
of all kinds, Gbapk Vimbs, Oiinamkntal Times 
Snui tis, Romkn. Evkhghkicn-, &c , tor tlie Autumn or 
1HG7. Our Stock of 
Standard and Dwarf Trees, 
of all kinds, re wr kxcbllisd by any in the United 
States. Catalogues seat loan applicants at, the follow¬ 
ing rates: 
No, i—Descriptive Catalogue of Fruits, 10c uaeft. 
No. Do. Do. Of Ornamental Trees, 
Mirnlis. Hoses, «e., 10c each. 
No. n Descriptive Catalogue of Orecn House and 
Bedding Plants, 5c each. 
No. I- Wholesale Catalogue for Nursery men aud 
Dealers,8c each. Address 
FStOsT A CO,, R ochester, V v . 
riMIF, NEW GRA.PK, nAi.KM. Thi* Grape 
J. I* the most sucm-sstul result of the Uybudiza- 
t-tons originated and carried on by Mr. K, S. Roifors of 
Salem, MiMsachnsetts, whose well known character for 
probity and modesty Of statement, utfords every RUur- 
autee lor the uiisuriittv'ed excellence of ihl* td* favorite 
variety, ills published statement is as follow--—•* The 
subscriber now Offer*for sale for Urn lirst time, anew 
grape, named SALEM, from the place of to origin. ’I tils 
In a variety considered not only superior to any of the 
former well.known number-, out aDo to uoy hardy 
grape at present before the. public, combining, hb nearly 
as possible,every quality desirable in nnout-iioor grape, 
belli); utiu of the hardiest, healthiest and most vigorous 
Of vines, and prodaolftg enormous crops of lmuniifni 
and hlgh-tuvoreji fruit. Like other well-known kinds, 
Noe land 15, Oils I- a Ityhiia oetweou a native and the 
Black Hamburg ; bunch large aud compact, berry large 
uk Hamburv, of a light chestnut or (.‘ntnwbneolot. thin- 
skinned, perfectly tree from hard pulp, very sweet and 
sprl ditlv, with u most exquisite aromatic flavor, not 
equaled by any other out-door grape for wine or table: 
as early aud liardy as Delaware or Hartford, having 
never tailed to ripen Us fruit, hi tbu most unfavorable 
season, for the past six yeari. 
Taking all Its qtialltirM into consideration, earllncss, 
hardiness, and great vlftor of vine,size and quality of 
fault, it Is pronounced by the best Judges who have tried 
It, to liuvti no equal among nil the numerous varieties 
now before the public: and I can, with court ctuuce, re¬ 
commend tt as the Inert of all my collection, and now of¬ 
fer it for the first time." E. S- ROGERS,Salem, Mu-g. 
Salem, February, JtWL 
Notio*.— The subscriber would here state that he has 
disposed of Ids entire, stock of vines and wood of tiie 
Salem Grape to J, L. WARING of “ Amcnfa Vineyard,” 
Auienfa, Date lmaa Co. N. Y„ to whom all orders tor the 
same must he hereafter addressed. E. 8. ROGERS. 
Salem. Mass., March Ud, 1807. 
tn addition to the high merits of tile “Salem.” the un- 
derslgncd In able to say, from personal experience .mi 
knowledge, that the claims put forth In favor ol rim Sa¬ 
lem are iu no reaped exaggerated. During tint prevent 
season IL turn made uniformly a most vigorous aud 
healthy growth.and proved ifaeirimpervlon- to mildew, 
where vines Of moHt of the new and nigh priced varie¬ 
ties, growing by Its side and reedvm ; equal care iu cul¬ 
ture, nave, been seriously affected, it Is believed that os 
a paying grape, especially for market purposes, Hut Sa¬ 
lem Is without a competitor ainongr Ohi-door variolic*. 
. J. L. WARING. 
I take plca.Huro in announcing that, since purchasing 
the Salem Vine, I have disposed of my Vineyard vid 
Propagating Establishment. Including the enure faock 
of utu Salem, to Jamks A. Broiu, Rsq., who wilt here¬ 
after carry on the business with every facility for its 
successful prosecution. .L L. WARING. 
Amenta, N. Y„ Angu*t 31,1867- 
Having purchased the above, and having scoured the 
Services of a most experienced and Miccessful Propaga¬ 
tor, with able assistants, l design to make the growing 
of vines for salt) a specialty, and hope to furnish the 
pibllc with a class of plants unsurpassed In quality, uud 
inv.very instance warrauled Uu to standard anil frue to 
nakie. Price List, and Engraving rent on application to 
Ifc-tt JAMES A. fail) IT A, 
August at, 1807. Amcnfa, Dulohmm Co., if. V. 
KEEPING GRAPES FRESH. 
the fruit without the least bruising. Our sketch, 
taken from that very complete and practical 
work, Thomas’ American Fruit Guitarist, shows 
the arrangement plainly. Wc will further re¬ 
mark that stems should not be detached from 
apples designed for long keeping, and in all the 
handling great care should he taken uot to inflict 
the slightest bruise. 
In order to put apples In the best condition 
for long keeping they should be carefully assort¬ 
ed. In this particular the muss of fruit growers 
fail, and it is principally for the reason, we think, 
that the purchaser offers them no sufficient in¬ 
ducements to do otherwise. But it must he 
plain to any one of ordinary observation that a 
crop—say of a thousand barrels—will bring more 
if assorted in two or more classes and sold for 
differen prices, according to quality, than If put 
up in packages promiscuously and sold for one 
price. The sorting should be governed by the 
size, kind and maturity of the fruit. The best 
class should be uniform in size, fair in appear¬ 
ance, even in quality, and every package should 
contain only one sort. 
Care should also be taken to give a neat ap¬ 
pearance to the fruit by suitable packing. Wc 
do not by any means advise “shingling” a bar¬ 
rel to deceive the buyer, but the apples of the 
bottom and top layers may be so disposed as to 
be inviting to the beholder without being one 
“ppnas, grapes, ore., ana nave m ttiem all par¬ 
tially or wholly failed. A friend in the interior 
of this State received a present of grapes some 
time ago, (March,) which he speaks of in the fol¬ 
lowing manner 7 
“Three days since a friend brought me a 
pound of Catawba and Isabella grapes. They 
were about as good as if just taken from the vine 
in the proper season—.full and plump—but most 
ol the berries had fallen off horn the sterns in 
the carriage ot about ten miles over a rough road. 
“Now, thd way these grapes were preserved 
may not be now to you, though it certainly 
seemed a uo\cl one to me, but the fact of their 
keeping unti the end of March Iu tine condition, 
is worthy of lublieity. 
“ In the fal, when they are perfectly ripe, they 
are taken from the vinos, when they avq free 
from anythin:; like moisture, handled carefully, 
ffnd pueked iu small kegs—nail kags were the 
kind used in this instance. Put a layer of green 
leaves, right off the vines, in the bottom, on 
this a layer of grapes, tbeu leaves again, and 
grapes, alternately, until the keg is full, then 
finish off witll leaves. Put in the head, and 
your cask is ready—for what? Why, to he 
buried in the ground. Dig a trench So us to ud- 
mit the casks deep enough that they will have 
about one foot or fifteen inches of soil over them 
when covered. The ground should be packed 
moderately tight, and a hoard laid along on the 
top before earth is thrown in. They throw 
some litter on the surface of the ground over 
those which they wish to take up during the 
winter, to prevent the ground from freezing so 
hard as to keep them from getting at them. One 
important thing must be observed, that they be 
placed where there can be no standing water 
about the caskB, or they would suffer. 
“On further inqury, I loam that the farmers in 
that neighborhood have practiced this mode for 
years, and don’t seem to think it anything new.” 
We would express the opinion that if the 
Saving Kerosene. —A Pennsylvania exchange 
states that a great saving in Kerosene can be 
made by filling the globe of the lamp half full 
of common Balt, before pouring in the oil. The 
amalgamation produce a steadier and clearer 
flame than the oil alone. 
Inquiry. —Will some of The Rural readers 
give me the best method for making Peach Ma¬ 
rengo ? and very much oblige— m. j. 
Liquid Manure for Fruit Trees. — M. de 
Tiller recommends liquid manure to he applied 
three or four times during the summer, over the 
whole extent ot surface that the roots of lxuit 
trees may be presumed to occupy. He advises 
the surface soil to bo removed a few inches deep 
before the application, and replaced afterward, 
or some mulching in its place. He gives four 
kinds of liqnid manure, either of which may be 
used. First, guano mixed with eight times its 
bulk of water. Second, oil-cake, finely bruised, 
and mixed with six times its bulk of water. 
Third, excrementUioufi matter mixed with water, 
and rendered inodorous by mixing two pounds 
of green copperas with twenty-two gallons of 
the liquid. Fourth, urine mixed with four 
times its quantity of water. 
Muffins— How to Make.— Take I pint, of 
sweet milk; 2 tablespoons of butter \ 2 Aw S ; a 
little salt and half a cup of yeast, let it rise 
over night, and hake on a pan or griddlty 
Wheat Muffins, —Melt a small piece vf But¬ 
ter into a quart of milk, and set it aside until 
cold. Beat four eggs very light, and mak ; a 
batter by adding alternately a little milk an\ a 
little flour until the batter is of a proper con 
sistenee—which is quite thin,—then add a large' 
spoonful of yeast, if you do not use the powders. 
Bake them in muffin rings ou a griddle, and but¬ 
ter them before serving. They must be tom 
aauuder to butter, as cutting them open renders 
them heavy. 
i whit better in any particular than the rest of the 
I fruit in the package. In filling a barrel, then, 
* p.ace the first layer in by hand, with the stems 
r d*wn. As the package is tilled, it should befre- 
| qiiently shaken to settle the fruit, and when full 
J He head brought down snugly underapress, such 
I as we herewith figure. The apples should not 
