Plural Sot*!? and sterns 
poultry ^lard 
making Is, 1st, the wax scale formed on the cav. 
itics between the scales of the skiu or epidermis 
of the bee; 2d, the molding these wax cells as a 
part of the rounded and tbickcned'cdgc of the 
cell, at the base, side or cap of the cell, be it in 
what 6tage it may of completion; 3d, the thin¬ 
ning and expanding of the round and thick edge 
or tip by the mandibles of the bees, at the same 
time shaping the cell by instinctive rule. This 
is the only way cells and comb are made. I have 
shown it to hundreds and will verify it any time 
my bees are building next to the glass where 
the bees cannot crowd in such numbers as to 
hide what they dp. 
There are but few things not well known ns to 
bees. The day for “mysteries” in bees ha« 
gone. Common sense rules bees, and should all 
ideas about them, that every intelligent man 
} ja6 8. J. Parker, M. D. 
Ithaca, N. Y., 1807. 
CHICKEN CHOLERA 
Thanks to the Press !—We bend in grateful (if 
not graceful) acknowledgment of the very kind and 
appreciative notices of the Rcrai. New-Yorker 
which are being given now-s-dsys by our brethren of 
the Press all the way from Maine to Minnesota and 
Canada to California. Such cordial and strong com¬ 
mendations of the Rubai, as we are daily receiving 
from the best judges of journalistic merit—editors ot 
newspapers—are most encouraging, and sincerely 
appreciated. We shall continuously strive to render 
the Rubal worthy of the highly eompllmentary 
notices of it' contemporaries, and never omit an 
opportunity of reciprocating the fraternal kindness 
Thanks, good 
“ For the last two years my chickens have ' 
been dying of cholera; even turkeys have died 
the same way. When 1 notice the hens begin to j 
droop and look sleepy I give them three or four 1 
teaspoonsfnl of strong alum-water, and repeat 
the next day, I also mix the feed, (say corn- 
meal,) with strong alum-water, feeding twice a 
day for two or three days; afterwards once a 
week. Since I have practiced the above I have 
not lost any.” 
Another gives the following remedy;—“ Take, 
say, two eggs, a tablespoonful of lincly pulver¬ 
ized alum, and a sufficient quantity of flour to 
make a thin paste, and force the chicken or 
turkey to swallow a portion of the mixture, and 
there arc two chances to one that it will recover, 
I have used this remedy for two year.- with good 
success. I have also found it necessary, as a 
preventive, to use more or less alum In their 
feed, once a day, when the disease prevails. 
Fowls should never have access to slop or swill- 
tubs, or any other kinds of sour food.” 
of which we are the recipients, 
friends! — May your Bbeets and shadows never be 
less, and your subscription lists continually elongate I 
That Sheep Book Premium: — A Lucid Explana¬ 
tion, —The following paragraph appeared In the Rural 
of the 19th ultimo: 
Which if IHnh<f- Tn publishing the awards of pre¬ 
miums on Sheep at the recent State Fair the Buffalo 
papers gave the Practical fthi-pherd as the book pre¬ 
mium, but the Country Gentleman substitutes Mor¬ 
rell — an ob-olete work, which has been out of print, 
for year? 1 This looks queer, to say the least But 
as a book of some kiud was awarded we print it 
Book in our list, and respectfully ask for the title. 
The Cultivator and Country Gentleman of the 24th 
ult. contains this explanation: 
Cmrection. —The book premium. In the sheep class¬ 
es, at Buffalo, should have been • Practical Shepherd," 
instead of" Morrell," as published in this paper of 
Oct. 10th, n. 237. The enor arose from the fact that 
the prize list, as wt- published it, was copied by our 
reporter, at Buffalo. tr<en a primed blank, on which 
the new hook had not been “ substituted" for the old 
one, and we did not di-cover the lack of the correction 
until oar attention was called to the subject. 
Weare glad I o learn that the " substitution ” was 
simply an “error," and not (as some sheep breeders 
supposed) attributable to enmity or unfriendliness to¬ 
ward either the author or publisher of The Practical 
Shepherd. Bat we are surprised that a journal which 
advertises itself as "The Best of All the American 
Newspapers devoted to Rural Economy" should be 
bo non-progressive ae to mislead its readers by the 
use of an obsolete “ printed blank.’' A friend at our 
elbow forcibly suggests that the confession of the C. 
& C. G. (which mint have borrowed some of the State 
Ag. Society's "printed blank*,") only proves the 
truth of our reporter's recent assertion concerning 
We have heard, but 
EDITED BT HENRY B. RANDALL, LL. D, 
DEATH OF GEORGE WILKINS KENDALL, 
FATTENING POULTRY 
We regret to announce the death of our Senior 
Associate, Georoe Wii.kinb Kendall. By a tele¬ 
graph dispatch from Sun Antonia, Texas, we leant 
that this sad event took place at hie residence, at 
Post Oak Spring, near Boemc, yesterday evening, 
at 9 o’clock, caused by congestive chills. Mr. Ken¬ 
dall was about 00 years of age. He leaves a wife 
and tour children. A. M. Holbrook. 
Mr. Kendall is best known to the public 
generally as an author and as the founder and 
senior editor of the New Orleans Picayune. His 
“ Santa Fe Expedition ” and work on the Bat¬ 
tles in Mexico are familiar to all readers; his 
jourual is one of the best conducted and read¬ 
able in the United States. But he is best known 
to the agriculturists of our country as the great 
sheep farmer of the South, the pioneer of that 
husbandry in Texas, the writer who has done 
more than all others to introduce, foster and 
instruct the people in its management In a 
region so adapted by nature to its profitable 
pursuit. As a writer on this subject he pos¬ 
sessed, as he deserved, the entire confidence of 
his countrymen, lie drew up no fancy pictures 
—indulged in no visionary speculations. Ex¬ 
perience was his sole guide, and In exhibiting 
its results to the public he always gave both 
sides of the medal, recording a failure as frankly 
as the moot eminent success. As a writer on 
this, as on other subjects, he possessed the rare 
art of giving the most dry details all the vivid 
interest of a well told tale. His style was vigor¬ 
ous direct and crisp—while it had u most eapti 
vating ease and unstudiedness :—and gleams of 
The poultry yard is a source of profit to the 
fanner, which is greatly lessened or increased 
according to the skill and care with which the 
business Is managed, 
One branch in which 
much improvement may be made by most fann¬ 
ers, is that of fattening the poultry for market 
after it is uearly or quite grown ; not much care 
is generally exercised in this respect, though It 
[b common for dealers to buy of fanners and 
make a good profit by finishing it off for the 
market. 
impeaching themselves. We know their hiding- 
place, where they will attempt to bide and dodge 
this conclusion,—bat we will smoke them ont of it 
before wc have done with them. Their hiding-place 
ts this: that owing to the new duty, they say that 
the manufacturers have not been able to import 
certain kinds of wool that they want to mix with 
ours, or to mami failure alone, so as to successfully 
compete In the sale of goods, and so they have closed 
their manufactories. At the Syracuse Convention 
the wool growers put the question to the manufac¬ 
turers, ‘What kinds of wool do the inaLUlbcturers 
require, that we do not now produce in the United 
States, so as to supply the demandf’ Answer: 
‘ Coarse carpet wools, long combing wools, and the 
finest Saxony woo), such as we used to get before 
the war from West Virginia.' Now on cither of 
these classes the tariff has not been raised, but re¬ 
mains as before on wool costing less than 12 cents or 
more than 21 cents per pound in a foreign port, and 
the coarse carpet wool costs less than 12 cents, and 
the long combine wool and fine Saxony wool cost 
more than 24 cents: hence the manufacturers have 
rear of success. He went to the Mexican war 
with the Texan Rangers, under Ben. McCul¬ 
loch. He subsequently became an Aid of Gen. 
Worth, and was in many of the battles he has 
described so vividly, lie married Adeline, 
daughter of Col. Dr. Valcouk of the French 
Army, lie left two sons and two daughters, 
the oldest about seventeen yearn of age. Wo 
do not remember the year In which he emigrated 
to Texas and established his great sheep farm 
there. He was decidedly successful in this busi¬ 
ness up to the period of the recent war. Hi6 
losses were large during that struggle, but his 
family are left in affluent circumstances. 
A year since Mr. Kendall was in the full 
flush of health and strength. We had heard no 
complaints of illness from him since. Wc had 
recently read his lively editorial letters in the 
Picayune. The Ink was but just dry on hiB 
lust letter to us. His last disease was there¬ 
fore doubtless short. It is with unspeakable 
sorrow that we chronicle the premature death 
of this able, brilliant, useful aud good man. 
the State Fair Premiums, viz , 
will not absolutely vouch for its beinga fact, that this 
premlam list was made out some forty years since, 
stereotyped, and even to the present day the same 
venerable plate is used.” 
Hemlock Lake Union Fair.— F. Y. M. writes us 
that the Union Fair held at Short's Driving Park, 
Hemlock Lake, N. Y., Oct. lGth, was a decided suc¬ 
cess. The show of farm stock, of all kinds, was un¬ 
expectedly largo aud superior tn character, showing 
that the farmers of the towns of Canudice, Conesaa, 
Lima, Livonia, Richmond and Spring water, forming 
the " Union," are awake to their Interests, and re¬ 
solved to employ all proper means to ptomote them 
in the future. The Fair was attended by about 5,000 
people, affording means for defraying current expen¬ 
ses and a surplus to aid in the erection of a suitable 
building for future exhibitions. The sentiment in 
favor of this was unanimous—a sure indication 
that the Society is a live one and has a bright future. 
The illustration shows a very convenient coop 
for the purpose of fattening fowls. It should be 
made to hold one dozen, and Its size is as fol¬ 
lows : — Length three feet, width two, height 
two and a half. The sides and ends are com¬ 
posed of bars placed about three Inches apart, 
and the bottom of round polo6. It is elevated 
about, two feet from the ground by means of 
legs. The feeding troughs are ulpng the aides 
on the outside. The coop should be placed in 
a barn or some place sheltered from storm and 
w ind, and if slightly darkened so much the bet¬ 
ter. By judicious feeding fowls can bo thor¬ 
oughly fattened in twenty days. 
lutoly necessary to Import. Hence the statement of 
the Chicago Tribune that the manufactories are closed 
or running on short time, because they cannot itn 
port -?»r<atn t-iT>it*jof wool tiiftt tiioy need under the 
new tariff, is absurd, amt recoils od the head of its 
promulgator. But stop, whispers a free trader at my 
elbow, there Is one other hiding-place. Well, what 
is St,—out with it; hut he does not like to tell. He 
says all the world will laugh at him if he tells. Well, 
if he will nol tell, we will. Men may be known by 
the company that they keep; the answer is Shoddy. 
The wool growers have been guilty of putting up the 
duty on Shoddy to 13 cunts per pound, or a trifle more 
ihau the duty on clothing wool: and while the hon¬ 
est manufacturer has been compelled to dose his 
doors, or run on short time because of the excessive 
Importations of woolen goods, which amounted to 
more than fifty millions of dollars in 160ft, the Shoddy 
manufacturer lias hud to close hie doors beeaaec these 
wicked wool growers have been guilty of levying a 
hi rlier duty on Shoddy than on clothing wool; and 
all the world, free traders and Shoddyites excepted, 
say atneu. We also know these sympathizers of ours 
as a class who have endeavored to array the wool 
grower against the manufacturer, by saying the 
manufacturers had got the advantage or ns ; that they 
had got the lion's share ot the protection; that we 
had not asked unongh; aud they now say that what 
wo asked, and got, is the reason ottr wools are so 
low ; and if wc had asked more, and got more by the 
same reasoning, our wools would have been still 
lower. We asked for and got that tan If, which we 
believed to be just and fair between the wool grower, 
the manufacturer, und the consumer, preferring a 
moderate tariff that shall give stability to wool grow¬ 
ing, raiher than a high ono that will cause inflation 
aud ovor-produclion, and finally a repeal. The Chi¬ 
cago Tribune has admitted that of all classes asking 
protection, the wool growers were the most mod¬ 
erate. 
“ ' Why is clothing so high and wool so low V The 
manufacturers cannot be the cause of it,—for If they 
were making large profits they would ran on full 
time, and the statement that they are making 50 per 
cent, hear* on its face the evidence of falsehood. 
Politicians should have better informed themselves 
on this point, unless they supposed the people were 
ignorant and would swallow their nostrums without 
inquiry The true reason that clothing is higher than 
wool is, that there is .evied upon wool and wool 
clothing one-sixteenth of all the internal revenue, or 
near tweuty millions of collars, or one-half the value 
of the wool clip of the United States. It is a wonder 
that a commodity that is taxod, and taxed again, 
and re taxed, until the taxes on the article amonnt to 
one-half the cost of the raw material, should he so 
enhanced in value. 
" 1 The result of being tompelled to abandon wool 
growing.’ Wc wish to keep our sheep that we may 
keep up the fertility of ocr farms, and diversify our 
If we depend entirely on wheat, we soon 
Willis’ Stump Machine.— We learn from the Ad¬ 
dison Advertiser that Mr. Wilus has recently been 
doing an extensive business in tree und root dentistry 
in Steuben country, with his famous stump extractor 
— closing by selling four machines. One of the pur¬ 
chasers pulled aud cleaned stumps (pine I from seven 
acres in as many days with the help of two boys and 
one spun of horses. The demand for this machine 
wherever tested, proves its value aud increasing 
popularity, Those who have recently ordered ma¬ 
chines will regxot to learn that the Novelty Works, 
where they are manufactured, was bnrned last week 
— but Mr. Willis assures us that the delay will be 
only temporary, as Ms mechanics have already re¬ 
sumed operations. 
PRESIDENT STILSON’S VIEWS, 
The National Wool Growers’ Association 
does not contain a more eucrgetic axd faithful 
member than Eli Stilson, Esq., of Oshkosh, 
WIs., President of the State Association. The 
Oshkosh Northwestern of Oct. I?th publishes a 
letter from him, from which we cut the sub¬ 
joined extracts. We omit certain political allu¬ 
sions, which would uot comport with the polit¬ 
ical neutrality of this department, and we have 
not room for bis closing vigorous remarks on 
the introduction of wool manufactures in Wis¬ 
consin : 
“ My attention has been called to an article in the 
Oshkosh City Times, which attributes the present 
low price of wool to the existing tariff on wool and 
woolens. As one of the leading wool growers of the 
State, and as President of the State Woo) Growers’ 
Association, I am unwilling that such sentiments 
should be Imputed to the great mass of wool 
growers of the Slate. There may be a few wool 
growers whose party prejudices are so strong that 
POULTRY ITEMS. 
Feeding Fowls .— Fowls are partial to most 
kinds of vegetables when cooked, eating them 
as readily ns grain and with manifest advantage 
as a change of diet. They are fond too of flesh, 
especially of horse meat and beef, if cooked, and 
supplied at suitable intervals. Refuse meat, from 
the butchers' stalls, can be disposed of more 
profitably to fowls than to curs, the majority of 
which are good for nothing except to worry 
sheep or to make night hideous by their howl¬ 
ing®. 
About Setting .—Some hens have the incubating 
lever so strong sometimes us to render it tliffl- 
cult to get them to give over the notion of set¬ 
ting when they are not desired to do so. To 
them of this, various plans are resorted 
Provisions — Prices. — The Ohio Farmer, nlluding 
to the clamor of the Press at the cast for clicup bread, 
says:—‘ We are under the painful necessity of telling 
them, they will not get cheap bread until another 
harvest ; meanwhile they may contluue to cudgel 
their brains for such reasons as suit their style of 
pMlosophy." This will prove consolatory to those 
who have breadstuff's to sell, but to such ae have to buy, 
with restricted means of payment, the prediction will 
prove leas cheering. 
cure 
to. Sometimes they are treated to tossings 
into the air,—successive immersious in cold 
water and other chastisements according to the 
temper and knowledge of the owners. A man 
in Ohio says he cures them by tying the hen to 
a stake near a path which is frequently traveled, 
giving a play of string of three or four feet. It 
is said that one day’s confinement in this way, 
with the frequent scares she will get, will put all 
setting notions out of the hen's head. 
Salt for Gapes .—A correspondent of the South¬ 
ern Caltivator condemns the use of salt as a 
cure for the gapes in fowls. He says:—“ Salt is 
a powerful styptic, and a deadly poison to all 
kinds of fowls.” Have any of our readers tried 
salt as a remedy for gape6, and if so, with what 
results? 
Guinea Fowls—Profit.— These fowls, when a 
n umber of hens are together, it is said will all 
lay their eggs in one place till the instinct of 
setting begins to operate, when each will make 
a nest, or sometimes two will club together in 
laying and setting. When the chicks come out 
they must have a free run, as confinement, is 
fatal to the brood. The Guinea is a prolific lay¬ 
er, but her noiBe sometimes is rather annoying. 
Poultry Houses— It is advisable, in the con¬ 
struction of poultry houses, to use piue lumber 
— the more pitch it contains the better—as 
this is very offensive to poultry vermin. Some 
thinjg it pays well to make the roosting cribs of 
pitch pine boughs as a protection from their 
greatest enemy —lice. 
Give them Ashes .—Where fowls are confined in 
considerable numbers to a restricted enclosure 
they should have a good supply of wood ashes 
to Wallow in. It will pay to fill a large box with 
ashes and place it under shelter where the fowls 
can use it at pleasure. It is a pleasure to them, 
as is manifest by the eagerness with which they 
avail themselves of this means of purification. 
Wild Geese on the Wing.— The wild geese from 
northern lake regions have commenced their southern 
hegira rather earlier in the season than iB customary 
with them From this fact the weather-wise infer 
the early advent of winter. We must have a heavy 
fall of rain before things will be in a proper situation 
for a freeze-up. One thing is certain—if farmers arc 
not ready for winter this season it is their own fault, 
as the weather for closing up was never bettor. 
have lost faith in it. But the great mass of the wool 
growers of the State bare the same faith in the tariff 
on wool and woolens that they had on the fourth of 
March, when the telegraph brought ns the clad news 
that it had become a law of the laud; and wo be nnto 
the politician that lays hands on it to repeal it, nntil 
it has had a fair trial. * * * Free trade can mean 
hut one of two things: a repudiation of the National 
debt, or the doubling up of the internal revenue. But 
while some politicians are laboring to knock the wool 
growers in the head, the Chicago Tribune, one of the 
bitterest enemies of the wool grower, is laboring for 
the same end, and both set np the same lamentation. 
‘ Poor wool growers, bow we pity you, because of 
the low prices of wool; but it is all cansed by the 
passage of the tariff on wool and woolens.’ But the 
truth is, and they know it., too, that if it had nol been 
for the passage of the present wool tariff', we should 
have seen a pertect panic In the. w ool market, owiDg 
to the excessive importations of wool and woolens; 
wool would have gone down to 25 or 80 cents per 
pound. Who arc these new-found friends of the wool 
grower, that are sotting up such a wail on our behalf 
becanse of the low price of wool! Wool growers of 
Wisconsin, we can tell you who they are,—we know 
their ear-marks welL They are men who have 
Westchestbe County Wheat, — Samuel Sin¬ 
clair, Croton Landing, raised five and a half acre? of 
wheat the past season which yielded 150X bushels, 
or a fraction short of 30 bushels to the acre. He ap¬ 
plied 1J4 tons of bone dust and sowed the grain on 
the 10th of October. This is a handsome show for 
aoy section and especially so for old ground in West¬ 
chester. 
■ ■ «■»» - - ■■■ 
A Swamp on Fire.— Ae an evidence of the severity 
of the drouth, fora long time prevalent in Western 
New York, the Batavia Spirit of the Times states that 
the Tonawanda Swamp has been on fire for several 
days, causing much distraction of timber, fences, &c. 
The swamp generally has become so dry as to ignite 
as readily as tinder wherever a spark of fire falls. 
A Tough Wheat Story.—A correspondent of the 
Detroit Free PresB, writing from Saline, states that 
John A. Smith of that town harvested from fi ve 
acres 300 bushels of wheat, or 60 bushels to the acre, 
aud from another field the yield was 40 bushel? per 
acre. We think both these statements might be 
modified somewhat and be quite as near the truth. 
industry. 
exhaust the fertility of orir farms, and our lands will 
soon be like the worn out cotton fields of the South. 
There are in the Unitea States thirty millions of 
sheep, consuming annually thirty millions of bushels 
of corn, (sheep in Centra) Illinois consume more than 
twice that ratio,) aud giving, employment to 100,000 
men to provide food and hare for t hem, and they and 
their families number half a million, and if we are 
driven from wool growing we shall crowd every other 
class of producers, and bringdown their prices, and 
in precisely the same ratio that wc are driven from 
wool growing shall we crowd every other class; and 
to the laborer we say, if he wishes to bring down the 
price of woolen goods,—or, in fact, all other manu- 
facured goods, to the price that they bring in Europe, 
then he must expect that the price of his labor mu6t 
go down to the price of labor there, and we do not 
tMnk he would relish that." 
Cheese Factory in Parma. —The first cheese fac¬ 
tory put in operation in Monroe County is located on 
the Wadhams farm on the Ridge road, Parma. It 
commenced in June with one hundred cows. Eleven 
thousand pounds or cheese hare been manufactured 
at the establishment. 
“ Oneida 
A Corn Machine. — A member of the 
Community" has perfected a machine for cutting 
corn from the cob. It cuts any sized ears, and does 
as much work as four men could by the old process. 
