open a car and enter it with a paper in his hand 
just as if he was a dealer, but the fraud was dis¬ 
covered too late to arrest the thief. One of our 
dealers lost fourteen crates in this way in one 
morning. When the cars stop, unless it Is too 
early in the morning, they are surrounded with 
men, women and children, and unless closely 
watched they will steal from the carts while 
loading; then every cross walk is watched, and 
even on the Ferry boats many persons make it 
a practice to cross the river frequently in order 
to steal the fruit. Some of your renders will 
say why don't you stop it? Sure enough, why 
don’t somebody stop it? .Just thi 3 . Those in 
charge of train, or the R. R. Co. don’t care, they 
do not pay for the loss; the police do uot care, 
its all one to them, in fact one of the policemen 
was caught stealing one morning disguised ns 
a citizen ; only his shield saved him from a good 
beating, — it ought not to have done it. The 
Ferry Company do not care, it makes good pick¬ 
ing for their hands, and so it goes. One morn¬ 
ing on opening the doors of a car one of our 
dealers found live boys fastened in it, they had 
been caught stealing in the cars at West Phila¬ 
delphia, and the door being closed on them they 
were brought on to Jersey City to find their way 
home as best they could. Speaking of the Ferry 
Company reminds me of a very mean thing they 
did, and that was to raise the price of ferriage 
on the peach carters exclusively, the excuse was 
tkat the carman carried such heavy loads, that 
they were obliged to run extra boats to accom¬ 
odate them. Most certainly that was to their 
advantage. You may imagine the extra business 
when yon consider the large numbers of car 
loads to be carted, and all of it done before 
eight A. M. 
Perhaps the mode of carting this fruit will 
be Interesting to some of your readers. Most 
of it is carted on trucks drawn by one or two 
horses; each truck is arranged with three floors 
or tiers for baskets, the top tier is piled high 
up in the middle, the space made by the top of 
the baskets on the first row is filled with the 
bottom of the boskets in the next row, and so 
on to the third row, making the load firm and 
the fruit riding without injury. A one-horse 
truck contains from 80 to 100, and a two-horse 
truck from 128 to 150 baskets. A cart contains 
front 00 to 75. The arrangement of a peach ear 
is as follow: The car is divided in four sections 
with strong shelvings the height of a basket, 
each section contains 100 baskets, making ILK) 
baskets to a car; if a larger number is sent, they 
make an additional platform in the center of the 
car. In addition to the cars there was a line of 
steamers running each day from Delaware. 
The Jersey peach crop was light, the heavy 
rains causing the early fruit to drop. The later 
varieties were very good, excepting the Smocks, 
which were very small and poor. 
Now AND THEN. 
New York, Nov. 1, 1867. 
roots and that in this condition it produces but 
little fruit, but top-graft it on a slow growing 
stock and it becomes a prolific tree. 
Shade for the Roadside .—The Committee on 
Forest Tree Planting, in the Michigan Legisla¬ 
ture, recommend that special privileges he grant¬ 
ed to farmers who will plaut trees along their 
highways. 
THE PEACH TRADE IN NEW YORK, &c, 
As is generally known before the trade began 
this fruit was very plenty, consequently it sold 
for a low price, and considering the poor quality 
of the fruit we are not surprised that it sold as 
low as it did. It is generally conceded by all 
dealers with whom I have conversed that peaches 
never were known to he as poor as they have 
been this season. 
The first peaches received were two crates from 
Savannah, Ga., on June 15th, and being in poor 
condition sold for $7.00 per crate. The second 
arrival, Jane 17th, and up to the 32d inclusive, 
were all in poor condition and sold from $3.00 
to $0.00 per box. July 10th some peaches were 
received from the vicinity of James River, Vo,, 
and they also being in poor condition sold for 
$5,00 per crate. Large quantities of fruit now 
began to arrive, mostly from this section of 
country, and all in very bad condition, much of 
it not paying the expeuses of freight and cart¬ 
age. The most of this fruit was bought up by 
outside operators who expected to make a hand¬ 
some profit by so doing, hut like many others 
they came to grief, losing heavily. Peaches 
from Delaware began to arrive about August 
1st, by Adams’ Express, On August 10th the 
regular peach train started which WQ consider 
the commencement of the trade. The more 
Southern fruit being plenty pvices ruled very 
low, say from one dollar to one twenty-five per 
basket, and did not vary much from this price 
all the season for the common qualities. On 
Monday, Aug. 14th, we had one of the worst 
days ever known In the trado. There was an 
arrival of eighty car loads, and with the excep¬ 
tion of those shipped on Sunday morning, the 
whole train was one mass of rotten fruit, and 
it was sold from 10 cts, to 50 cts. per basket. 
One dealer sent back one section of a car just 
to show the owner the condition they were in. 
On September Gth pricos gave way under a train 
of eighty-three cars and one steamer loaded to 
its utmost capacity, prices ranging from 75 cts. 
to §1.00 per basket. On Friday the trains ar¬ 
rived very late, and the dealers felt very bine 
over the prospects, and offered to sell to arrive 
at 75 cts. per basket. To add to the depression 
it commenced to rain just before the train ar¬ 
rived, but It soon cleared when trade sprang up, 
and fruit sold to the satisfaction of parties con¬ 
cerned. On September 12th, the arrivals were 
quite light, aud the dealers became somewhat 
excited about the trade, and fruit advanced from 
25 cts. to 37 cts. per basket. On the 13th. it 
again advanced 25 cts. per basket and sold rapid¬ 
ly. White peaches now began to arrive, and 
the weather being quite cool they sold rapidly 
at the. above prices. But these prices were main¬ 
tained only for iv short time, when down they 
went to the old figures and there they remained 
until the close or the season. Extra fruit of 
course sold higher than the above quotations, 
bat that being scarce was always in demand. 
The total number of cars that arrived from 
Delaware by the regular peach train was two 
thousand and fifty-six. Averaging these at four 
liuudred aud fifty baskets per c of would make 
a total of nine hundred and twenty-five thou¬ 
sand two liuudred (925,800.) Calculating those 
brought by Adams’ Express I think will make 
a grand total of ten hundred thousand baskets 
brought on the ears. The largest number of 
cars that arrived in one day was one hundred 
and live, the average number per day during the 
fall trade was from 75 to 80. 
The depot of the Delaware peach train is at 
Jersey city, N. J., just opposite of this city, and 
all the fruit is carted from there to the market, 
the owner of the fruit paying the cartage which 
is four cts. per basket and eight cts. per crate. 
The mode of contracting for the transportation 
ol this fruit is of a singular character. Each 
dealer is required to have an agent at the station 
from which he Is to receive bla fruit; this agen'f 
must contract for the number of cars he wishes 
per day, and pay a premium of $3.00 on each 
car for ten days in advance; then a charter 
price per car, said car not to contain over four 
hundred baskets, Ml over that amount to be 
paid for extra pro rata. Should a ear remain 
Over at the station without being loaded, that 
also must be paid for. Each dealer must have 
his or his agent’s name and station painted on 
the car, and all loss in transportation falls on 
the owner of the fruit. No care of the car is 
taken by the company on arrival of the train. 
The quantity of peaches which has been stolen 
from the cars is almost incredible; from the 
time the cars leave their station until the fruit 
iB delivered on the stands of the dealers it is the 
object of theft. At every station that the cars 
stop they are attacked, and every ventilator that 
will give way to the force ol an ax must give 
way; even the ventilators on the roof which 
are covered with strong iron gratings are often 
broken in order to get at the fruit, and in this 
case it is not only the loss of the fruit that is 
stolen, but they pull the baskets from their' 
place iu order to get the fruit, and by so doing 
will often cause the whole tier of baskets to be¬ 
come disarranged and upset, thus spilling much 
of the fruit on the bottom of the car that be¬ 
comes soiled and of little value. This mode of 
stealing is no doubt practiced by those having 
the cars in their charge, for most eertainly no 
other person could get on the top of a car and 
make a noise sufficient to break this grating 
without being heard. The mostsuccessful plan 
was carried on jost outside of the R. R. yard, 
when the engine that brought the train became 
PREPARING APPLES FOR MARKET 
As Baltimore is becoming an important mar¬ 
ket for the fruit of Western New York, I have 
thought a few suggestions might be of ser¬ 
vice to such of your readers as are growing 
fruit, especially apples. 
Iu the first place the apples should be hand¬ 
picked and laid iu a pile for ten days or two 
weeks before they are barreled. This little pre¬ 
caution will add at least one dollar to the value 
of them iu this and other Southern markets. 
They should then he carefully sorted from the 
pile and the different sorts put aeparato. Large 
and small apples of the same variety should not 
be put iuto the same barrel. One class of buyers 
want all large, sizeable apples; another prefer 
the smaller ones. Therefore a much better sale 
is effected when they are all of a uniform, size. 
Apples tbutcomeSouth should always beullowed 
to sweat a few days on the pile before they are 
barreled. 
If these simple precautions be observed and 
none but smooth, sound apples sent, there will 
be no end to a profitable cultivation of apples in 
Western New York. t. o. p. 
Baltimore, Md., Oct., 1867. 
The above should have been published some 
weeks ago, but was mislaid. 
VARIOUS RECIPES - SELECTED 
Boiled Onions. —Take the outside skin from 
white onions as uniform in size as possible, lay 
them iu cold salt and water one hour, boil them 
in milk and water until thoroughly tender; lay 
them iu a deep dish, and pour over them melted 
butter. • _ 
Cider —To Keep Sweet. —A. M. Ward, New 
Britain, Ct., iufomis the N. Y. Farmer’s Club 
that if eider as it comes from the press is 
brought to a gentle scald , only, barreled, and 
bunged tight, it will keep sweet, and the last 
drawn is as good as the first. 
To Protect Duted Fruit prom Worms.— 
It is said that dried fruit put away with a little 
sassafras bark (say a large handful to a bushel) 
will savo for ycara, unmolested by those trouble¬ 
some little insects which so often destroy hun¬ 
dreds of bushels in a season. The remedy is 
cheap and simple. 
Making Tickles.— If “C. A. M.,” of Leroy, 
N. Y., will moderately scald her pickles, (not so 
hot hut that she can bear her hand In it,) adding 
a small piece of alnm ; then obtain good eider 
vinegar, and not on any account use the vile 
manufactured article, which will surely spoil 
any kind of pickles, she will not be troubled 
with scum. _ 
To Clean Cider Barrels. — The Scientific 
American says that cider barrels may be cleaned 
by putting lime water and a common troee chain 
into the barrel through the hung hole, first tie- 
ing a strong twine to the chain to draw it out 
with. Shake the barrel about until the chain 
wears off the mould or pomace, then rinse well 
with water. _ 
Cranrerry Wine — Scrofula. — Cranberry 
wine, taken internally and applied externally, 
is announced as a cure for scrofula. To make 
the wine, take the ripe hurries, mash them in a 
mortar to a tine pulp, put into a stone jar, add 
one quart of water to two quarts of berries, stir 
it well, set away and let it stand a week; then 
strain it through cotton, and you have a beauti¬ 
ful wine, which, with a little sugar, makes a 
wholesome drink, at once cooliDg and palatable. 
It does not ferment. 
THIS IONA aBAFE AND THE GRIFFITH. 
PATENT. 
North Bast, Oct. “27th, 1867. 
Eds. Rural New-Yorker: —Allow me to 
explain regarding what I said of the Iona grape, 
at Hammondsport. I did say that the grapes 
shown were not up to “ the manifesto,” as that 
fruit had been represented; but 1 did not in¬ 
tend to say that I was disappointed in the Iona 
grape. 1 did not intend to praise it, as it has 
already been sufficiently indulged in that regard, 
and I felt that the fruit should speak for itself. 
In fact 1 really did not feel inclined to try to 
lessen the complaint made about the fruit on ex¬ 
hibition, even though I thought it for the most 
part over-drawn. I told Mr. McDowell, on our 
way to his place after the discussion, that the 
test of the must of the grapes, advertised to 
take place the next day, would doubtless show 
us all to have estimated it below its deserts; 
and so it turned out. 
I regard the Iona as well adapted to the dis¬ 
trict in which all the specimens of grapes shown 
at HamtHOndsport were grown; and as the best 
grape yet produced in America. My own vine¬ 
yard of this variety is the most promising of any 
I have, and I am in high expectation regarding 
its future; am counting confidently on a fine 
crop next year. Do not regard me as finding 
fault with your reporter’s article. I am aware 
of his uniform correctness in this respect, and 
am in no doubt about bis being impressed with 
the idea that I lclt disappointed about the Iona; 
but I really was not thus impressed. 
Should this grape come short of my estimate, 
I shall of course be obliged to realize it; and 
also to feel that 1 have no right to expect the 
confidence of good judges in my ability to esti¬ 
mate the value of varieties hereafter; but I am 
as much as ever inclined to place a very high 
estimate on the Iona. A must weighing 90°, 
(the samples at Hammondsport averaged 89J^,) 
and liable to no damaging feature, fine in fiavor, 
ia all that wine growers can ask, aud with the 
productive habit already established, aud its 
healthy foliage, the Iona—where it is at home— 
is a treasure. 
A word regarding my method of growing 
vines, in open ground , from single buds, to 
which you refer, brieffy, in a former number 
of the Rural. This Improvement was the re¬ 
sult of much experimental labor, continued for 
fifteen years, and is doubtless of great import¬ 
ance ; at least it is so regarded by ail who have 
had an opportunity of examining it. 
1 obtained a patent for this discovery, mainly 
with a view to get it re-patented in Europe, 
where I have reason to expect 1 can realize at 
least a remuneration for my outlay and labor. 
It ia not my purpose to sell rights in tills coun¬ 
try, but I shall hold my franchise until all my 
patents are granted iu Europe, and shall permit 
no one to infringe upon my legal rights. 1 could 
sell my entire interest in this patent (to parties 
who wish to use it in our own country, sell 
rights, &c.,) for a large sum, but this is not in 
Southern Pines .—We copy the following ex¬ 
tract from the letter of a correspondent of the 
Phrenological Journal. It 1 b written from Geor¬ 
gia:— “Our pines have never hadjjustice’dono 
them as living trees. They have been appreci¬ 
ated only as lumber! Wo have treated them as 
we treat our greatest and best men—have abused 
them while living and praisedjthem when dead. 
Our pines are of the species called by the botan¬ 
ists Piuus paluslris ., aud popularly known us the 
long-leaved pine —a magnificent tree—the mon¬ 
arch ot the Southern forest. TheyTgrow from 
eighty to a hundred and twenty feet in height; 
are often very straight, and sometimes with 
trunks free from limbs to within twenty feet of 
the top. The branches are crooked, ofteu droop¬ 
ing, and terminated by bunches of long straw- 
like leaves (called trere pine-straw) grouped in 
threes in long sheaths. When young, these trees 
have a palm-like appearance which reminds one 
of the Orient. The cones are very large, nearly 
cylindrical, and from six to eight inches long. 
The seeds are large and very nutritious, and are 
the delight of squirrels, wild birds, aud poultry, 
which grow fat on them iu their season.” 
Arbor Vitas grow readily from the cuttings. 
'The best way is to cut them into lengths of 
about three inches, Insert them so as jnst about 
to touch one another, in shallow boxes ol saudy 
soil, iu October, aud put in a moist green-house 
where the temperature can be kept above 55 deg. 
all the winter. They will then be rooted nicely 
by spring, and may in May ne set out iu a piece 
of rich soil. 
Yellow Jkllefieur Apple .—A correspondent o 
the Prairie Farmer says that this variel y of ap-f 
pie when root grafted roots freely from the cion 
and becomes in a measure established on its own 
keeping with my purpose in taking out a patent. 
I am preparing an essay or description of my 
method, to be sent U propagators, with per¬ 
mission to test it by growing each 1,000 buds 
for two years. I do tills for the purpose of let¬ 
ting the public know what estimate will be 
placed upon my discoiery by those most com¬ 
petent to determine. \t the end of two years 
I propose to rescind wy franchise in America, 
allowing all our grape growers to use it as 1 
stated at the U. S. Poitological Meeting at St. 
Louis. Wm. Griffith. 
Spiced Vinegar for Pickles. — A ciorres- 
pondent of the Germantown Telegraph gives 
the following directionsFor every pint of 
spiced vinegar it is Intended to make, take one 
ounce of black pepper, half an ounce of salt, 
half an ounce of ginger, a quarter of an ounce 
of allspice, and if desired to be hot, add also a 
quarter of a drachm of Cayenne, or a few capsi¬ 
cums. Bruise the whole of these materials in 
a mortar and put them into a jar or wide-mouth¬ 
ed green glass bottle, tied oyer with a bladder. 
Place this in a saucepan of water, and keep it 
hot for three or four days, shaking it now and 
then. If the maker has an enamel saucepan, 
this operation can be facilitated by Bimmering 
the ingredients together. Spiced vinegar is used 
hot for walnuts and cold for cabbage. 
HORTICULTURAL GLEANINGS. 
The Scuppernong Gra/e .— J. Van Buren writes 
from Georgia to the Coantry Gentleman :—“ My 
ScuppernoDg vines, six years transplanted, bore 
an average of three bu.hels clean grapes each, 
some of the berries ruaisuring one and a quar¬ 
ter inches in diameter, md the clusters ranging 
from two to twenty berries each ; this grape dif¬ 
fers from all others, in hat the berries alone are 
picked or shaken from ;he vine and not the clus¬ 
ters. It is a very distinct variety, entirely unlike 
any other grape in vino,leaf and fruit. The Mus¬ 
tang grape of Texas resembles it somewhat in 
vine and leaf, but not in fruit. The Seupper- 
noug is the sweetest of i II grapes, while the Mus¬ 
tang is the most acid. The vlues which produc¬ 
ed three bushels the pr:feent year will probably 
prodnee six bushels eae i next year, and thus go 
on doubling annually fir several years to come, 
as it is a variety not subject to any disease in 
vine, leaf or fruit. It b corns from the middle to 
the last of June, and ripens the first of October.” 
Yes, if each one goo on doubling for six- 
years it will then produce about two hundred 
bushels. Another “wildgoose” estimate. 
Curing Meat. —The editor of the German¬ 
town Telegraph gives the following as the in¬ 
gredients for a pickle for meat:—1 gallon water; 
\% lbs. salt; lb. sugar; oz. saltpeter; % 
oz. potash. Observing tills ratio the pickle can 
be increased to any quantity desired. Boil these 
together until all the dirt from the sugar rises 
to the top and is skimmed off. Then throw it 
into a tub to cool, aud when cold, pour it over 
your beef or pork, to remain the usual time, say 
four or five weeks. The meat must be well cov¬ 
ered with pickle, aud should not be put down 
for at least two days after killing, during which 
time it should be slightly sprinkled with pow¬ 
dered saltpeter, which removes all the surface 
blood, &c., leaving the meat fresh and clean. 
Some omit boiling the pickle, and find it to 
answer well; though the operation of boiling 
purifies the pickle by throwing off the dirt 
always to be found iu salt and sugar. 
detached and another was placed on the rear iu 
~r order to run it in the yard ready for unloading. 
At this spot the cars were standing in the rear 
of a number of low dwellings, aud persons 
H would knock open a car and throw the fruit in 
H the yards without being discovered. One raoru- 
ing one of the brakesmen was seen to break 
