176 
THE CRETACEOUS ROCKS OF BRITAIN. 
south-west of Ewelme. This was about 16 feet deep through 
soft broken marl into tough brownish sandy marl, wuth lumps or 
layers of hard marly limestone. 
Mr. Ehodes also found a new pit open near KumbokTs Copse, 
which showed about 10 feet of greyish chalk, and from which he 
obtained Am. [ Schloenb .] varians, Pecten Beaveri, Lima echinata ?, 
Palcega Carteri, and other fossils, the assemblage suggesting that 
of the Totternhoe Stone. The beds cannot be far from that horizon, 
and may be just below the stone itself. 
The bed of hard “ marl-rock ” is visible at the spring-heads o 
Brightwell Uppertown and of Cuxham ; and Mr. Ehodes in 1899 
found that a small pit had been opened above the spring at Bright- 
well, which showed the following beds : — 
ft. 
Grey chalk marl, much weathered ------ 3 
Hard marly stone, with Cyprids and other fossils - - - 1 
Grey marl with hard lumps ----- seen for G 
The hard concretionary lumps in the lower marl are as large as a man’s 
head, and fossils occurred in them. 
Near the village of Pyrton a small pit was opened many years 
ago, and from this some fossils were obtained by Mr. Montague 
Smith, and are now in the Wood wardian Museum (see list on p.183). 
The outcrop of the hard marl-rock can be seen in Shirburn Park ; 
it weathers into a flaggy stone, and is seen again just above the 
fine springs which issue from beneath the main road at Lewknor. 
In Buckingham also the only exposures along the main outcrop 
of this zone are at the spring-heads along the outcrop of the “ marl- 
rock.” At Bledlow, on the east side of the churchyard, there is a 
deep dell the terminal face of which is almost vertical and about 
25 feet deep ; strong springs here issue from a hard grey sandy 
chalk, with softer and more marly chalk above. 
Near Bisborough all the spring-heads are cleared out and utilised 
for the growth of watercress, some of them showing as much as 
4 or 5 feet of very hard compact grey calcareous stone (with many 
fossils), and the use of a crowbar proved it to be underlain by soft 
argillaceous marl. 
The outcrop of this rock-bed crosses the high road half a mile 
N.N.W. of Wenclover, and many fossils were obtained in 1885 from a 
hole dug for a telegraph post, several kinds of sponges being common 
here, including Plocoscyphia labrosa and one identified by 
Dr. Hinde as Phymatella intumescens. 
This hard bed has not been traced beyond Buckland, south of 
which it seems to thin out, or pass into a mere layer of hard lumps. 
A good section of Chalk Marl about 30 feet above the base is 
exposed in a quarry at the west end of the outlier which forms 
West End Hill, near Cheddington, north of Tring. As seen in 
1884 this was as follows : — 
