7be RURAL NEW-YORKER 
75 
Heating Water in Barrel 
Permit the writer to introduce an im¬ 
provement on Mr. Jordan’s hot-water 
barrel. I do not require a pipe coil in 
the barrel; I used the barrel as farmers 
do, for scalding hogs. A coil is expensive 
and in the way, besides is totally unnec¬ 
essary in the barrel. Pore two holes in 
the side of the barrel. Attach a pipe to 
each hole. If you use a blow-torch as a 
source of heat attach an old oil can to the 
two pipes and set the blower to work on 
the can. This leaves the inside of the 
barrel unobstructed. As few farms have 
blowers, and most of them have wood, if 
the pipes are extended to a wood or coal 
lire and a larger pipe put in the fire as 
a heat absorber, you can have hot water 
all day. with very little fuel used. Put 
the grade of the pipes must be a little 
A Car You Can Afford— 
Water IIrating Methods 
higher at the barrel than at the tire. We 
use 114-in. pipes, increased to 4 in., in 
the fire. The pipe coil would be all right 
in the fire. We set our barrel under a 
tree, rigged a pulley and dropped the 
hogs in vertically. One man alone can 
do his butchering with this rig. j. g. 
Weight of Concrete Material 
Will you give weight of a cubic yard 
of crushed 2-in. stone, weight of sand and 
weight of cement? E. w. p. 
Belle Mead, X. J. 
The weights of these materials are 
somewhat variable. Taylor & Thompson, 
however, in their “Concrete. Plain and 
Reinforced," give 100 lbs. per cubic foot 
as the average weight of screened trap 
rock after it has been compacted by haul¬ 
ing. When loose in a pile i| will not 
weigh quite so heavy, as it is reduced in 
volume about 10 per cent by hauling. 
Crusher-run trap rock will weigh slightly 
heavier, due to a smaller percentage of 
voids. Limestone is slightly lighter in 
each case under similar conditions. 
The same authors give 105 lbs. per 
cubic foot ns the average weight of sand 
as it stands undisturbed in the bank. 
When loosened by shoveling the weight 
will be somewhat lessened. Another 
author gives the weight of sand ar from 
100 to 100 lbs. per cubic foot, Ihe weight 
varying with the condition of the sand 
and the graduation of its particles. Sand 
containing particles well graduated from 
fine to coarse, weighing heavier than one 
whose particles are more nearly uniform 
in size, Cement is commonly considered 
to weigh approximately 94 lbs. the cubic 
foot, t lie net weight of a sack of cement 
being 04 lbs. aud the contents .Of* cubic 
feet. 
The concrete made from these materials 
will vary in weight from about 112 lbs. 
per cubic foot for cinder concrete to lot) 
and 155 lbs. per cubic foot when gravel 
and trap rock are used respectively. The 
reason for the inerense in weight over 
the materials entering into the concrete 
is largely due to the fact that the cement 
goes to fill the interstices in the sand, 
while the sand and cement fills the voids 
iu the stone, the result being a much 
denser mixture thnu before existed. 
ROnERT It. SMITH. 
Pump in Quicksand 
I have recently driven a well and have 
0 ft. of water iu the pipe, hut am unab'e 
to pump on account of quicksand. Do 
you know of any way that the water can 
be raised? The water is 24 ft. below 
the pump. o. b. l. 
Massachusetts. 
It will probably be possible to clear 
your well by inserting a hose down from 
the top and by means of a force pump, 
pump water into the well from an ex¬ 
ternal source. This will agitate the sedi¬ 
ment at the bottom of the well, causing it 
to mix with the water and be carried up 
to the top, where it will overflow and 
escape. If the material has settled solid 
in the well it may be loosened with a long 
rod. or the force pump may be connected 
directly to a small pipe which is used iu 
the well, instead of the hose first men¬ 
tioned. If it can once be cleared so that 
a pump cau tie used, slow, steady and 
continuous pumping will help in forming 
a pocket, about the bottom of the suction 
pipe through which water can enter. 
R. H. 6. 
The new Superior Chevrolet is a car you 7 
can afford to use in the country and on the 
farm. Its low price includes complete, 
modern equipment — “ nothing to buy but 
the license”—and the operating cost is lower 
than that of any other car. 
Twenty to thirty miles to the gallon of gasoline 
r.o.s. 
“Flint. 
Ask your Chevrolet dealer to explain the new features of the Superior 
Chevrolet—or write Dept. 140 for catalog and other information. 
CHEVROLET MOTOR COMPANY 
Division oj General Motors Corporation 
DETROIT, MICHIGAN 
More than 4,000 Chevrolet Dealers, Retail Stores and Service Stations in the United States and Canada 
C H EVROLET 
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