fiftieth 
a nnivers^ 
F or Half a Centu 
•J5SSSS— 
6 A-.-vsf 
this brines* 
Montgomeg^ird# 
The Oldest MaUOrderHouse 
isToday theMost Progressive 
Rigging a Small Boat 
I have a boat 16 ft. long, 4 ft. wide, 
flat rocker bottom, with no keel. Can 
you tell me how to rig this boat? What 
is the best way to fasten the mast to the 
hull? What size mast, and how long 
should guy-rope he fastened to the mast? 
tenet! to the mast and boom? How should 
the boom be fastened to the mast? How 
should guyropo be fastened to the mast? 
Where is the proper place for pulleys? 
I low can sails be furled and unfurled? 
New York. i~ n. v. 
The simplest and least expensive rig to 
nut on your boat would be what is called 
leg-o’-niutton, as shown below: 
wind you will need centerboard, as shown, 
which can easily be made and installed. 
F. D. G. 
What About Glass-bottomed Boats? 
I would like to know whether the glass 
bottom boats in Florida and California 
are fakes, and the fishes or shells are in 
the boats, or whether they are really in 
the sea. l . e. b. 
Chester town, Md. 
Cruises in so-called glass-bottom boats 
are one of the substantial features of 
entertainment at resorts where proper 
Single pi:lieu 
' or block—— 
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Reef 
Points 
The mast should be about 10 ft. long. 
314 in. at deck line, tapering to 2 in. at 
top. It needs no fastening other than 
step at foot, thus: 
4 gT ffif 
A piece of oak 114 in. thick. S in. long 
by 5 in. wide. The foot of mast is cut 
to fit oblong slot: 
Mast 
Step 
The shape of slut prevents mast turning 
when bout is in seawaj. A stay of wire 
rope or ordinary manilla rope could be 
used from top of mast to stem-head, but 
is not actually necessary, imr are side 
stays on a boar as small as ibis. 
Sails may be fastened to mast and boom 
by simply lacing around them. But if 
sail is to be hoisted, mast lumps of wood 
or iron will be necessary, using a single 
block at top of mast and single halliard. 
Three bloeks (single) will be necessary 
for your sheet rope (as shown) prefer¬ 
ably with swivel eyes, so they will not 
foul. The one on deck is on rope traveller 
to pass over tiller: 
Rope 
traveller 
Sails are furled or unfurled by tying 
or untying the canvas strips, called 
"stops"; but I assume you mean reefed, 
which is done by lowering the sail to reef 
points and tying same around sail, but 
Mast -* 
{R O OZTl 
Address. 
depths and clearness of water, and suffi¬ 
ce lit variety of submarine life, combine 
lo furnish sufficient interest. Strictly 
speaking, such boats are built with a 
stout pane or panels of glass in the bot¬ 
tom of the boat. Over this area is an 
open enclosure, called a "well.” extending 
upward to the deck, where the spectators 
are seated. Such a boat is operated on 
regular schedule front Miami during the 
tourist season. The waters in the vicinity 
are very clear. Immense Stretches of the 
bay and nearby portions of the ocean are 
comparatively shallow’, and yet deep 
enough for safe navigation, and marine 
1 ft*, both vegetable ami animate life, are 
abundant and in great variety. 
I regret to say I have never personally 
been on any of these cruises. They are 
run during my busiest season, and so the 
pleasure has always been postponed. I 
have conversed on the subject with others 
who have enjoyed the cruise. Also I 
think 1 have a fair idea of what such a 
cruise would reveal from a recent visit to 
the local aquarium. Here were great liall- 
like rooms, the sides of which consisted 
of dozens of great panels of heavy glass, 
ti or 8 ft. high and S or more ft. long. 
These formed the front sides of great 
tanks fully as large itt their other dimen¬ 
sions. The floor of the tanks was covered 
with sand and rocks to imitate the sea 
bottom, and the rear and sides were lined 
with the peculiar jagged, honeycombed, 
branched coralline rock, abounding in ir¬ 
regular holes and crevices, which is the 
characteristic rock formation of this en¬ 
tire region. 
These tanks are constantly kept filled 
ami the water renewed by pumping in sea 
water. In thorn are exhibited scores of 
varieties of fishes, crabs, crawfish, small 
sharks, sea anemones and other forms of 
marine life indigenous lo these waters. 
Some of i he species of fishes are of almost 
unbelievably brilliant and varied colors, 
and of the most fanciful and unique 
shapes. The water was so clear that 
fishes moving at the rear of the tanks 
were practically as distinct as those near 
the glass front. 
Of course on a cruise on a glass-bottom 
boat one would naturally see but a small 
proportion of the various species, pains¬ 
takingly collected for the aquarium, but 
at times would see greater numbers, also 
various natural arrangements that can¬ 
not be reproduced to advantage, especially 
the great variety of marine plant life. 
Florida. i>. U HARTMAN, 
not around the boom. 1’he boom is some¬ 
times fastened to mast by a “gooseneck,” 
or by wooden jaws, which are easily made 
front' a piece of oak about 1 in. thick. 
You do not say if your boat lias eenter- 
Boom 
board. Any boat with sail will sail with 
fair wind, but if you wish to work against 
Goldfinch and Strawberry Finch 
Are the finches house birds, and are 
they injurious? I have a circular that 
speaks of goldfinch, also strawberry finch. 
If they are singers I would like one. but 
do not wish to buy one if they are no 
good MRS. G. M. C. 
Wampsville, N. Y. 
The goldfinch mentioned is probably 
the European goldfinch, and the straw¬ 
berry finch is a bird imported from Java. 
1 do not know a great deal about them, 
hut believe they are kept mostly because 
of their beautiful colors. They are re¬ 
lated to the common canary, but are not 
as good singers Before getting any of 
these birds for pets it might be well to 
find out what the local game warden 
thinks about it. It is possible to inter 
prof. the New York game laws in such a 
way as to prohibit even keeping canaries 
in cages. A. C. w. 
