A 
204 
The RURAL. NEW-YORKER 
February 11, 1022 
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A Star “ Got hie-Roof’ ‘ Barn 
| Going to Build or | 
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HUNT, HELM, FERRIS & CO. 1 
Harvard, Ill. Everything for thm Modern Barn Albany, N.Y. | 
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Farm Mechanics 
Conducted by Robert H. Smith, of the Canton Agricultural School 
Canton, New York 
Energies of Moving Bodies 
Have you any way of knowing with 
how much force a car that weighs a ton, 
with five people in it weighing around 
000 lhs., would strike, hitting a pole that; 
was solirl and would ttol give tiny, going 
at rates of speed up to SO miles att hour? 
I have boon thrown 0 ft. from a sulky 
plow with it team going four miles an 
hour when striking a fast rock. Would 
it strike eight limes as hard with five 
time the load going straight ahead with¬ 
out a bumper or anything to protect it? 
There is a lawsuit concerned ; opponents 
claim I was going at SO uiilos_ an hour 
and diil not stop the engine, with slight 
damage to car. !>. B, H. 
Maine. 
Your question as stated does not per¬ 
mit of a direct answer. It is impossible 
to determine the force of a blow, such as 
this, because of the impossibility of de¬ 
termining some of the factors involved. 
The energy of a moving body can he 
computed, however, .when the rate of mo¬ 
tion and the weight are known, and this 
energy or power to do work call be ex¬ 
pressed in terms of foot pounds, a foot 
pound being equal to the work done in 
lifting a weight of 1 11). 1 ft. against the 
force of gravity. 
The energy of a moving body is direct¬ 
ly proportional to its weight and is also 
proportional to the square of the velocity. 
It is determined by the following for¬ 
mula : 
vxvxw 
E=- 
04.32 
In which 
E equals tile resulting energy expressed 
in foot pounds, 
V equals the velocity of the body ex¬ 
pressed in feet per second, 
W equals the weight of the body in 
pounds, 
and 04.32 is twice the acceleration due to 
the pull of gravity. 
In your case W equals 2000 plus 000 
equals 2000 pounds. 
V equals SO miles per hour or 117.33 
feet per second, and the problem becomes: 
2000x117.33x117.33 
-— = 5565 nearly 
04.42 
foot pounds of energy, when the velocity 
is 80 miles per hour. 
As the energy is proportional to the 
square of the velocity arid the weight re¬ 
mains the same, the following results 
would be obtained for the following dif¬ 
ferent speeds: 
4000 
70 miles per hr., 5565 x-=4386 nearly 
6400 
3000 
00 miles per hr,, 5565 X-=3130 plus 
6400 
2500 
50 miles per hr., 5505 X-= 2221 nearly 
0-100 
1000 
40 miles per hr., 5565X-=1391 plus 
6400 
000 
30 miles per hr., 5565 X-= 783 nearly 
6400 
The case of striking a stone with a 
wheel plow is scarcely comparable with 
that of striking a post with a car. In the 
case of the plow the obstacle is encoun¬ 
tered in such a manner that the plow is 
thrown upward, the horizontal motion is 
changed to vertical motion, and this ver¬ 
tical motion, because of the position of 
the seat and the part of the implement 
that, encounters the obstacle, has a greater 
velocity than the original horizontal ve¬ 
locity of the plow. The body is thrown 
upward as well as forward by this in¬ 
creased vertical motion, and might bo 
projected a considerably greater distance 
than the original horizontal velocity would 
have caused it to go. 1 sing a car as light, 
as you report, however, it seems hardly 
possible to attain a speed of SO miles per 
hour. With a light car it would be likely 
to become unmanageable before this speed 
was attained. 
Plan for Bant 
T lmve built a barn 125 ft. long. After 
taking out 37 1 /j ft. for six horse stalls. I 
want to finish a tie-up in the rest of the 
length; 1 wish to Use all the cement I 
can. Could you give me a plan for this 
tie up. It is about 85x15 ft. I do not. 
want to go to unnecessary expense, but 
I want it pretty good, i would like to 
have a cement crib the whole length, so 
that I could run water right along in 
front of cows two or three times a day. 
I have been told that a cement crih of 
that length would crack, more or less, so 
that it would not be watertight. I have 
a concrete wall all the way around this 
barn. 8 ft. 4 in. high, 10 in. thick at top 
and 18 in. at bottom. The bins are 12(A 
ft., with a 4-in. iron post, filled with ce¬ 
ment, under each side of 13-ft. barn floor 
for posts every 12Yj It. r.. n. it. 
Lisbon, Me. 
From the brief description of your 
space 1 would say that it could probably 
be best, used to accommodate a single row 
of cows, and if used in this way will fur¬ 
nish room for from 20 to 22 cows, includ¬ 
ing passageways through the row of cows. 
The manger could he made sufficiently 
tight, if laid in sections, using a plastic 
material, as asphalt urn, between the abut¬ 
ting sections. You will find, however, 
that individual drinking buckets, or, at 
least, one between each two cows, will be 
far bettor than the attempt to water them 
in the manger. When watered in the 
manger, nil refuse must he removed from 
before the cows each time before water 
is- turned in, and as the cattle must be 
watered several times daily to secure any¬ 
thing like natural conditions, this means 
considerable lime and attention, A drain¬ 
age system must also be put in, with 
traps in the mangers to take care of water 
left after Hie cattle have finished drink¬ 
ing, Furthermore, one diseased cow iti 
a herd may contaminate all the others 
below her by the water flowing past her 
as she drinks and going to the other cows. 
With the use of drinking buckets this 
danger is done away with, and besides 
the cow has water nt the stable tempera¬ 
ture night or day, whenever she wishes 
it. without effort on the part of the owner 
other than to keep the supply tank full. 
Speed of Saw 
IIow many revolution. 1 ; per minute 
must the engine pulley make to turn a 
2S-in. saw at its right speed? The en¬ 
gine pulley is 2(5 in. in diameter, with a 
5-in. face, and the saw mandrel pulley is 
6 in. in diameter, with a 5-in. face. Belt 
is 5 in wide. The engine is 8 h.p„ and it 
could make up to 310 revolutions per min¬ 
ute. If I run my engine up to 220 or 310 
revolutions per minute is it necessary for 
me to put a flywheel on the saw mandrel ' 
Flywheel weighs about 50 or 00 lbs. Is 
it a good idea for me to put it on? 
Would it be better to use a 22-in. pulley 
or 26-in. pulley on the engine, and would 
the engine use a little more gasoline oil 
the bigger pulley, or just the same as on 
the small? When used in sawing wood 
is it necessary for me to use a 50 or 60- 
lb. flywheel on the saw mandrel if my 
saw makes 1.140 revolutions per minute 
and engine 310 revolutions per minute, 
or is it also necessary for me to use a 
flywheel on the saw mandrel if my saw 
makes 800 revolutions per minute and 
engine 220 revolutions per minute? Sup¬ 
pose I use a flywheel on the saw man¬ 
drel when the engine pulley is 22 in. in 
diameter, is that flywheel necessary or 
not? What good does the flywheel do 
when it is on its saw mandrel? What 
good does it do to the engine? My saw 
shakes so much that I do not like to 
work near it. J. S. 
Amsterdam, Y, 
With a 26-in. pulley on the engine and 
a 6-in. pulley on the saw mandrel the 
engine should make 315 revolutions per 
minute to give a 28-in. saw the standard 
rim speed of 10,000 ft, per minute. 
You say, however, that you have ex¬ 
cessive vibration, the saw shaking to 
such an extent that you are afraid to 
work around it when the speed runs up 
at all high. This is probably due to lack 
of balance in the running parts, loose 
bearings, a sprung mandrel or some 
similar trouble, anil in view of this I 
would advise using your 22-in. pulley on 
the engine aud running the engine at 220 
revolutions per minute. This will give 
the saw mandrel a speed of about 800 
revolutions per minute, and if it is found 
on trial that it will stand to run faster 
the engine can be speeded up somewhat. 
Your saw will ilo more satisfactory 
work with the balance wheel nu the man¬ 
drel. This acts as a weight to carry the 
saw through the cuts in much the same 
way that a heavy ax will cut deeper than 
a light one. It also lessens belt slippage 
and equalizes the load on the engine, so 
that it should be left on. Be careful in 
replacing it not. to crack it. as a cracked 
wheel may burst and cause considerable 
damage. 
Sawing wood with a pole saw should 
he reasonably light work for an eight 
horsepower engine, and the quantity of 
gasoline consumed will be very little dif¬ 
ferent whether the 22-in. or 20-in. pulley 
is used. 
While 10,000 ft. per minute is the 
standard rim for a saw, it is generally 
considered unsafe to run a cast-iron pul¬ 
ley at a greater rim speed than 0.0(H) ft. 
per minute, because of the danger from 
bursting already referred to, and where 
the balance wheel is as large as the saw 
and mounted on the same mandrel tins 
speed of the saw has to he governed ac¬ 
cordingly. A speed of 8(H) revolutions 
per minute will not be high enough to 
give trouble, however, for with a 24-in. 
balance wheel it will give a rim speed of 
about 5,000 ft. per minute. it. H, S. 
