Farm Water Problems 
By Robert H. Smith 
The RURAL NEW. YORKER 
207 
Wire 
Book of 100. 
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The Aladdin Co., Bay City, Mich. 
Branches, Offices and Mills: 
Portland, Oregon; Wilmington- North Caro* A 
lino; Hattiesburg, Miss. yjy ^ 
CafMUttiin Qjju'** and Mill*; JHKfJT 
Toronto. vaTtfnuvtr, yVinuitwa. /EXt/III IfT 
St . Joh TIM. • j£a+> U Ad lit - 
/t Ik! 
MINERALS 
COMPOUND 
Details of Pumping Arrangement 
former water supply came from a sand, 
gravel, or other water-bearing stratum 
which was both overlaid and underlaid 
with clay or other tight soil. The deep¬ 
ening of the creek may have tap pied this 
stratum and permitted this water to es¬ 
cape. Ordinarily one would expect to 
find water under the conditions you have 
outlined, unless the subsoil conditions 
were similar to the ones suggested. 
A driven well seldom Hows freely at 
first, but must lie developed by continued 
slow and steady pumping, gradually in¬ 
creasing the rate as more and more water 
is secured, until the well is working at 
full capacity. This steady pumping is 
supposed to clear the finer particles from 
about the end of the pipe and present a 
freer entrance for water. Some water 
should show, however, in the pipe when 
the point reaches a subsoil layer that is 
carrying free water. It, seems probable 
that, as suggested above, the water-bear¬ 
ing stratum is underlaid by a tight layer, 
and that you have either passed through 
it into this tight layer, or it has been 
drained by the lowering of the creek bed. 
An examination of the bank of the creek 
should give you some light on this. 
Pumping from Lower Level 
Can water be pumped by setting pump 
in dry well near house, spring 55 feet 
away7 I want to have engine at top 
to he used for other work. Cylinder can 
be lowered any distance: wish to use 1 ’4- 
in. pipe and - VG horsepower engine. 
Georgetown, Conn. o. F. K. 
A pump installed as you have shown 
would not work, as the suction lift is too 
great. Placing the cylinder clown in the 
dry well as you have shown would make 
no difference, as the water would have to 
first be (Milled up over the high point at 
the ton of the well. In practice it is sel¬ 
dom advisable to attempt to lift water by 
suction or atmospheric pressure more 
than 20 ft., and a lessor distance is still 
better, especially where the water has to 
be drawn, as in this case, some distance 
horizontally. 
Your problem could be solved by dig¬ 
ging a dry well far enough down the slope 
towards the spring to be within suction 
distance, as indicated on the sketch. The 
pump could then he placed over this dry 
be placed on tower will depend somewhat 
upon the use to which the water is to be 
put. The higher the tank is placed, the 
greater the resulting pressure at the fau¬ 
cet will be. A pressure of .424 lb. is 
secured by each foot of elevation of water 
above its outlet, giving a pressure of a 
little more than 5 lbs. per square inch for 
the 12-fr. tower, while the lS-ft. tower 
would secure a pressure of nearly & lbs. 
per square inch. . In each case some of 
this pressure would he absorbed by fric¬ 
tion in the pipe, the exact amount depend¬ 
ing upon the length and size of the pipe 
and some other factors. Where possible 
it is desirable to secure an elevation of at 
least 10 ft. above the highest faucet on 
tlte line for a water lank. 
If the tank is of concrete construction, 
and it may well he. it may be ltoured in 
form erected on top of the tower in the 
regular manner, the concrete being hoisted 
tip iu coal scuttles or similar containers. 
If desired a pulley can ho arranged and 
the material pulled up with a horse, 
l'roper reinforcement should be Used, ami 
some care used iu mixing and placing 
the concrete to got a strong, water-tight 
j<»h. If a stave tub is used it may be set 
up oil top of the tower. Some farmers 
in the Middle West are Imikling concrete 
silos and placing their water tank, also 
of concrete, on top. Those are made both 
from monolithic concrete and blocks. 
Where such location is possible the 
best place for a gravity storage tank is 
buried in a hill near the buildings. Here 
it is kept eool in Summer and protected 
from freezing in Winter, due to its under¬ 
ground construction. At the same time 
it is out of sight. 
A windmill can lie arranged to throw 
itself in and out of gear as the need 
arises by means of an automatic regu¬ 
lator. This is controlled through a float 
in tlm tank. When the tank is full and 
the float is up it causes n ratchet to engage 
with a toothed wheel, which is turned by 
the up-and-down movement of the pump 
rod. The pull out wire is arranged to 
wind about this, and the windmill is 
pulled out of the wind. When the water 
lowers suificiciitly the ratchet is released 
and the wheel permitted to swing back 
into the wiud and resume pumping. In¬ 
quiry directed to the maker of your wheel 
will bring you information concerning 
regulator adapted for use with your mill. 
Have a FULL Silo 
Silos with ordinary roofs can only 
be filled with blower cutters within 
three or four feet of the top. When 
the silage settles there is a loss of 
five or six feet of Silo capacity. 
Globe Silos with their extension roofs as¬ 
sure a full Silo. The nearly straight side9 
of the roof permit a full Silo, level at the 
top, after the silage has settled. Globes 
keep silage prime from top to bottom. 
Pr-ces of Globe Silos backto I917Ieve!a. 
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particulars of special ext.-a 
discount for early orders. 
IIIID I I [ I I I I GLOBE SILO COMPANY 
m ) I nil l l j-lZWiUttwat-SM—W.N.Y. 
= I smasras) 
| The Farmer 
| His Own Builder 
= By H. ARMSTRONG ROBERTS 
= A practical ami handy book of all kinds 
— of building information from concrete to 
~ carpentry, PRICE $1.50 
3 For tale by 
| THE RURAL NEW-YORKER 
333 West 30th Street, New York 
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Securing Water in Driven Well 
Last Fall the steam shovel went through 
my laud, digging to a greater depth a 
creek that runs not 25 ft. from my house. 
When it. had passed, we found mir driven 
well completely drained. This was said 
to be 13 ft. deon. I have driven another, 
not. more than 5 ft. or (> ft. from the old 
one. I find, by actual measurement, that 
I have driven my new well t> ft. deeper 
than the present, hod of the creek. So 
far I find no water. If there is water 
there, would it at once come into the pipe, 
or must, in smtie way a pocket he made 
about the point? Should you not expect, 
under the conditions named, to find water 
of some description? If one thinks it 
best to drive deeper, how often is it. best 
to test for water? I do not understand 
whether or not to expect water immedi¬ 
ately the pipe is down. ,T. M, L. 
Binghamton, N Y. 
The driven well secures its supply of 
water through the strainer or perforated 
section at the lower end of the pipe, and 
to make it a success driving must stop 
when the perforated section is in a water¬ 
bearing stratum. It is possible to drive 
it entirely through a water-bearing 
stratum and into u layer of day or other 
tight soil, thereby shutting off the waiter 
from the stratum above. This may have 
been done iu the ease of this well, unless 
frequent tests were made for water during 
driving. It is also possible that your 
well and operated from an engine, and 
jack placed at the house by means of 
triangles and wires. This system is 
rather cumbersome, and requires solid. 
Well-braced posts and taut wires to op¬ 
erate successfully. A better method 
would be to put in an air compressor and 
one of the pneumatic pumps at tin- spring. 
This would give you the advantage of an 
automatic pressure system without the 
use of an overhead storage tank, as well 
as permitting you to install your engine 
wherever desired. 
If the pump that you already have on 
hand is used, I would advise the use of a 
vacuum chamber made from a short length 
of large pipe and fixtures OB the Suction 
side of the line near the pump, as well as 
a check valve at the bottom, if the line is 
laid deep enough to escape freezing. The 
vacuum chamber will do much to equalize 
the flow of water In the suction pipe and 
will make the pump work more easily and 
steadily. The 2Vg-horsepower engine is 
large enough to operate it satisfactorily. 
Water Tank on Tower 
Would a concrete tower capable of 
holding a 75-burrel tank for the purpose 
of watering stock, garden, lawn and 
household purposes, be as serviceable at 
a height of 12 ft. ns IS? Give directions 
for plaeing said tank mi top of tower. 
Describe best means of shutting off wind¬ 
mill when lank becomes full. ml. b. 
Chatham, Ont., Can. 
The height at which a water tank is to 
PUMP /HSTALLAT/OH 
WHERE WATER /S TOO EAR 
BELOW BU/LD/NGS TO PERMIT 
PLACING PUMP AT HOUSE 
To Pump- 
•To well or spring 
Detail oT vacuum chamber 
f Room Colonial 
Bungalow 
r rricejorDoin 
f-LOBE 
VJ SILOS 
llll IIIIIMIIIIMIIIIIl mill I III III Mil INI llllllllllll 
