Jfte RURAL NEW-YORKER 
247 
distance to go for sand, and wondered 
whether clear cement would set aa firmly 
without it. There is no flange to the 
blocks. Would there be danger of blow¬ 
ing over? The chimney will be four feet 
high. C. P. 1 . 
New York. 
A paste or mortar of neat cement would 
not be satisfactory for laying up a chim¬ 
ney flue or for any similar work. A 
mixture of cement and sand in the pro¬ 
portion of one part cement to two of sand 
may be used. Clean coarse sand should 
be used with the particles well graduated 
in size, and after being thoroughly mixed 
Avhile dry with the cement in the proper 
proportions sufficient water should he 
added to make it handle properly. Avoid 
getting it too wet. This mortar should 
be mixed only as needed, as after stand- 
ini: but a Short time it takes its initial 
set. and although it can be remixed and 
softened up its strength is impaired. 
Blocks or bricks laid up with this mor¬ 
tar should be wet before laying to pre¬ 
floor is a little above the level of the 
ground on the south and east, and from 
three to four feet below the ground on 
the other sides. During the wet weather 
of last Fall and early Winter the water 
seeped in through the wall at base, and 
the dampness must have prime up through 
the floor during the Winter, for litter on 
the floor became damp. I tried to keep 
a flock of hens in the basement, but the 
dampness stopped them from laying, and 
I had to move them upstairs. Is there 
any way f can render the floor and walls 
damp-proof? Will it he possible to keep 
this basement dry enough for hens during 
the W inter?. It is a room 19x20 and 
seven feet high, and can be well venti¬ 
lated through windows and up through 
floor into stable above. j, M. o. 
Lewiston, Me. 
It is somewhat difficult to prevent 
dampness from coming through a floor or 
wall after if has once been laid, as any 
treatment that can be given it must be 
applied to the wrong side. Damp-proof¬ 
ing should be done when the concrete is 
put in by providing sufficient drainage 
and insulation beneath the floors and 
back of the walls, and by using a dense 
mixture of concrete. However, things 
may possibly be helped in this case by 
putting up eaves troughs that will lead 
the roof water away, grading the sur¬ 
roundings so that surface water is di¬ 
verted from the walls, and by putting in 
a tile drain around the walls below the 
level of the floor. This drain should have 
a good «lope to an outlet, and should be 
surrounded by gravel, so that water will 
have every opportunity to enter it rather 
than soaking under the floor. If the 
basement is to be used for poultry effi¬ 
cient ventilation must be provided because 
of the water that is thrown off in the 
breath, dampness being one of the many 
things that must be guarded against in 
a poultry house and rather hard to com¬ 
bat because of the small amount of heat 
thrown off from a hen's "body to cause a 
Making Cement Wall Damp-proof fl< ’ w of alr ,hr< ’ uel ‘ a TOTtilati ' , « s - vstOT - 
I built a cement wall on the north and 
west sides of my stable last Fall, and 
put down a cement floor over six inches 
of gravel. The south and east sides are 
of wood with ample window space. The 
Farm Mechanics 
Conducted by Robert H. Smith, of the Canton Agricultural School 
Canton, New York 
Water Supply from Spring 
I am enclosing a crude drawing of a 
water system which I wish to establish. 
I am planning to use 1-in. galvanized 
nipe, and wish to know whether I will 
have trouble with an air pocket at B; 
also will there he so much friction in pipe 
from B to C that water will run ton 
slowly? This is a iarge spring, affording 
a 2-in. stream. I think, at all times of 
year. Would it help the matter nnv to 
use 2-in. pipe from A to B? The 40 rods 
is a true decline, as is also the SO rods 
an even incline. This spring breaks out 
about the middle of an incline, the ground 
rising 20 ft. above the spring. 20 rods 
back of it., (’tin I raise the head of spring 
by cementing around spring? f. ir. b. 
Warsaw, N. Y. 
There is very little likelihood of trouhle 
from “air binding" at B, the lowest point 
in this line of pipe. Air collects, ordi¬ 
narily, at the high points in a line of 
pipe. If you arc sure of your measure¬ 
ments, the sketch shows a "head" of 8 ft. 
on the discharge end of the pipe. Fric¬ 
tion tables give approximately 1.5 gallons 
per minute as the quantity of water that 
may he expected from a 1-in. pipe of the 
length given when discharging under a 
head of 8 ft. This must he accepted as 
an approximation only, and may vary 
somewhat either way. If it is desired to 
draw water faster than this rate at the 
house, a small standpipe, holding a barrel 
or so, may be placed in the house, the top 
being left open. The top of the stand¬ 
pipe must, of course, he above the level 
of the spring to prevent overflow. Water 
can he drawn from this rapidlv, aud it 
will then refill between periods of use. 
This standpipe can perhaps- he so ar¬ 
ranged that an overflow pipe from the 
top can be used to supply the barns with 
water, or. at least, be led to a drain, and 
the water from the spring permitted to 
flow constantly, insuring a supply of fresh 
water always on tap. The ilse of a 
larger pipe for a portion of the line would 
not affect the flow to any great extent. 
As to the chance of raising the sprinr 
and thus increasing the head on the line, 
this could he determined only bv trial. 
II you can arrange n method of confining 
the water temporarily, you can see to 
wlmt height it will rise. There is. of 
course, the possibility of the spring break¬ 
ing through elsewhere and forming an¬ 
other channel if this is tried to excess 
horsepower. Even when the rate at which 
your boiler can make steam has been de¬ 
termined, the steam generated by it might 
lie used in a very small cylinder running 
at a high speed, and therefore filling and 
emptying a great many times per min¬ 
ute. or it might he used in a large cylin¬ 
der, which, having a much greater capac¬ 
ity than the first, still required no more 
steam, being made to run slower and 
therefore filling and emptying fewer times 
per minute. With these conditions in 
mind, you ran readily see that a direct 
answer to your question is impossible. 
Small engine parts are usually in the 
form of unfinished eastings and require 
Outlet 
Diagram of Water Supply 
"No, sir." cried the irate parent, ‘‘my 
daughter can never he yours.” “I don't 
want her to he my daughter," interrupted 
the young man. “I want her to be my 
wife.”—Edinburgh Scotsman. 
Chimney of Cement Blocks 
Would clear cement do to lay up chim¬ 
ney flue of cement blocks? I have some 
Speed of Saw 
I have a kerosene engine that makes 
4io revolutions per minute. It has a 16- 
in. pulley, and the saw frame has a 6-in. 
-i'oAn y ‘ T ho . 111 a 11,1 factnrer recommends 
Vi revolutions per minute for the saw. 
IIow many revolutions does the saw 
make? L M 
Greene Co., X. Y. 
The speed of the saw mandrel can be 
obtained by multiplying the diameter of 
the driving pulley hv its speed nr revolu¬ 
tions per minute (H.P.M.I and dividing 
the product so obtained by the diameter 
of the driven pulley mi the saw mandrel. 
Solution: 475 I R.l’.M. engine pulley) 
X 16 (diameter engine pulley) = 7,600 
i product nf diameter engine pulley X 
R P.M.) ; 7,600 divided by 6 (diameter 
saw pulley) = 1.266.6 (R.P.M. made hv 
saw). 
It will he noted that the problem con- 
sits of four factors: 
1. The diameter of the driving pulley. 
2. The speed or It.I’.M. of the driving 
pulley. 
8. The diameter of the driven pulley. 
4. The speed or R.P.M. of the driven 
pulley. 
These factors are arranged in two 
couples. 1 and 2. and 3 and 4, and the 
product of the first couple, composed of 
the first and second factors, will always 
equal the product of the second couple, 
composed of tho third and fourth fac¬ 
tors. With the above in mind, it is read¬ 
ily seen that when any three of these 
factors are known, the fourth can he de¬ 
termined by multiplying one couple lo- 
getlier and dividing the product by tho 
known factor of the other couple to obtain 
the fourth. A speed of 1.200 R.l’.M. can 
lie obtained for your saw by adjusting the 
engine governor so that the engine 1ms a 
speed of 450 R.P.M. This will give the 
exact speed desired, provided there is no 
belt slippage. r. h. s. 
Pulley and brake, governor, platform and fenders, SI 10 
This is the lowest price ever quoted on a 
tractor of this size, quality and capacity. 
You want the most for your money in a 
tractor and power implement. Get the rest 
of our new proposition before buying. 
See your local Samson dealer at once 
Building a Steam Engine 
I would like to build a small steam 
engine which would have about a two- 
gallon boiler, and would like to know the 
correct size of the cylinder needed. 
DeRuyter, N. Y. e. n. d. 
The steaming capacity of a boiler is 
not controlled by the size alone: the area 
exposed to the fire and the rapidity with 
which coal or other fuel can be burned in 
tho grates arc both very important fac¬ 
tors when determining the rapidity with 
which water can he changed to steam in 
n boiler. The ability to evaporate water 
at the rate of 30 lbs. per hour from a 
feed water temperature of 100° F. to 
steam at 70 lbs. gauge pressure is con¬ 
sidered the equivalent of one mechanical 
SAMSON TRACTOR COMPANY 
616 Industrial Avenue Janesville, Wisconsin 
Division of General Motors Corporation 
