The RURAL- NEW-YORKER 
333 
A Decrease in Bearing Apple Trees 
On the opposite page is a little statement about 
the number of bearing apple trees in the T inted 
States. The following table shows how the States 
compare in apple orchards. In 1890 there were 120.. 
151 ,058 trees in the country. The table shows the 
figures for three decades—from 1900 to 1920. As 
will be seen. New York State stands at the head with 
9.030.098 trees. Then there are over one million and 
a half less trees than 10 years ago; Missouri, which 
was first in 1910, has lost over 9.000,000 trees in 10 
years: 
1900 
1910 
1920 
Maine . 
4.184.781 
3,470.610 
2.833.304 
New Hampshire. 
2.034.398 
1.240.885 
721.180 
Vermont . 
1.075.131 
1.183.529 
712.594 
Massachusetts .. 
1,852.040 
1.307.379 
1.218.870 
Rhode Island..,. 
213.598 
152.009 
173.110 
Connecticut .... 
1.107.312 
798.784 
692.569 
New York . 
15.054.832 
11.248.203 
9.030,098 
New Jersey .... 
1,810.793 
1,058,020 
1.149.776 
Pennsylvania ... 
11,774.211 
8.000,456 
0.988,594 
Delaware ...... 
507.018 
429.758 
810.109 
Maryland . 
1,824.183 
1.288,482 
1.051.936 
Virginia . 
8.190.025 
7.004.548 
7.385.277 
West Virginia... 
5.441.112 
4.570.948 
2.049.862 
North Carolina.. 
0,438.871 
4.910.171 
8.474.821 
South Carolina.. 
094.700 
581.707 
377.557 
Georgia . 
2.359.975 
1,878.209 
1.515.505 
Florida . 
8.219 
8.180 
No report 
Ohio ... 
12.952.025 
8.504.880 
5.970,410 
Indiana . 
8,024,598 
5.704.821 
3.427.810 
Illinois . 
13.430.000 
9.900,027 
5.118.008 
Michigan . 
10.927.899 
7.534.843 
5.015.905 
Wisconsin . 
2,557.205 
2.430 232 
2.821.800 
Minnesota . 
875.905 
1.380.396 
1,590.264 
Iowa ... 
0.809.588 
5.847 034 
2,990.409 
Missouri . 
20,040.399 
14.359.073 
5,102.859 
North Dakota... 
2.351 
15.941 
20.157 
South Dakota... 
105,301 
274.862 
255.037 
Nebraska ...... 
8.877,329 
2.937,178 
901.813 
Kansas .. 
11,848.070 
0.929.673 
1.508.042 
Kentucky . 
8.757.238 
5,538.207 
8.742.980 
Tennessee . 
7.714.053 
4,838.922 
3.181.059 
Alabama . 
2.015.711 
1,468.436 
1.044.397 
Mississippi .... 
705.790 
427.502 
209.802 
Louisiana . 
188.833 
93,304 
47.037 
1.484.846 
1.138.852 
408.027 
Oklahoma . 
2.054.894 
2.955.810 
1.417.911 
Arkansas ...... 
7,480.145 
7,650.108 
4.074.870 
Montana ....... 
530.976 
690.753 
1.059.198 
Wyoming . 
9.234 
27.778 
50.302 
Colorado ....... 
2,004.895 
1,088.425 
3.777.787 
New Mexico .... 
483.157 
542.528 
687,799 
Arizona . 
4 5.9! Mi 
02.027 
70,273 
Utah . 
715.778 
517.039 
720.471 
Nevada . 
83.393 
74.454 
40.012 
Idaho . 
982.349 
1.005,068 
2.380.523 
Washington .... 
2.735.824 
3.009.337 
7.904.107 
Oregon . 
.S25.S9S 
2,029.913 
3,315.093 
California . 
2,878,169 
2.482.762 
3.128,386 
Total.! 
201.110.321 
151.321.1S6 
111.802.767 
The remarkable increase is found on the Pacific 
coast. Washington making the greatest gain. Of the 
Eastern States New Jersey, Maryland, Delaware and 
Virginia have gained. 
A Notorious Milk Speculator Arrested 
The detective department of New York has done 
good work in locating Carl E. Davison, to whom we 
referred several times during the past year. When 
at Prattsville. N. Y., Davison went into bankruptcy 
and failed to pay the farmers for milk delivered. He 
went into the western part of the State and repeated 
the experience. We published the report of Davi¬ 
son’s activities among dairymen in aud around 
Troupsburg. N. Y., and an enterprising Pennsylvania 
detective got on his trail at once, as he was holding 
papers of indictment by the Pennsylvania grand jury 
because of Davison's activities in Wayne Co., Pa. 
We were able to give him information from time to 
time that finally resulted in the arrest of Davison 
by the New York authorities. On February 7 Davi¬ 
son was indicted by the Supreme Court on several 
accounts, amounting to $1,300. which amount is due 
Pennsylvania farmers, and when he reaches that 
State other farmers will enter their complaints 
against him. and we understand there are a good 
many of them. Davison was released on $7,500 bail. 
T’pon leaving police headquarters, however, he was 
immediately rearrested on a telegram from Tioga 
County, where there are said to he claims of $8,000 
against him, and on this account he was held with¬ 
out bail, on a charge of grand larceny, and was 
locked up in the Tombs. The bearing on the Wayne 
County complaint was adjourned to February 21 in 
that county, it will be necessary to get extradition 
papers from Governor Miller, and, in the meantime, 
Davison is appealing to the Governor for release on 
the ground that he was not in the State of Pennsyl¬ 
vania at the time the alleged crime was said to have 
been committed. It is to be hoped his plea will not 
be granted and that lie will not escape trial on any 
technicality. When the Wayne County claim is set¬ 
tled. Davison will he obliged to answer the Tioga 
County complaint. 
We have no particular grievance against Carl 
Davison. We have had no dealings with him. and 
never saw him to know him. Our complaint is 
against the class of milk dealers to which Mr. Davi. 
son belongs. Ills record is such as to leave no doubt 
that his plans to cheat dairymen out of milk bills 
are premeditated and intentional. No other conclu¬ 
sion can be drawn from bis plan of going into neigh¬ 
borhoods where he is not known, buying milk on 
promises, and after exhausting his credit skip the 
neighborhood and the county, leaving nothing be¬ 
hind him but unpaid milk bills and protested checks, 
lie lias repeated this experience often enough to 
classify his performances as a bad habit. He has 
operated with the same disappointing results to 
dairymen in Greene County. Delaware County, 
Tompkins County and in Steuben County. New York, 
and in Wayne and Tioga counties in Pennsylvania. 
The authorities are after him on criminal charges 
in both of the Pennsylvania counties. lie has been 
locked up in New York on three charges pending 
the execution of papers. As a warning to this class 
of milk dealers, we hope that Governor Miller will 
be able to surrender him to the Pennsylvania author¬ 
ities. where he can he tried on the facts. 
Poultry Culling “Expert” 
Here is the lates't "graft” from the tree of science: 
Smith Center, Kan., December 29,—Jewell County 
Farm Bureau is sending out a warning against fakers 
who are traveling the country offering to "cull” poultry 
Hocks at the low rate of one cent per bird and take the 
culled birds at market price. 
On the face of the proposition it looks like a good 
one, but in practice it appears that the expert picks 
out the best laying fowls for his own use. 
One woman lost 80 of her best laying hens in this 
manner, aud her Hock has not produced an egg since 
she had them culled by an “expert.” 
That is as slick a scheme for culling out good 
dollars as we have heard of. Tt is safer than rob¬ 
bing a henroost, and far more practical. Oh science, 
what crimes are committed in thy name! 
Celebration of Farmers’ Week at Cornell 
In the foreword of the program of the Farmers’ Week 
activities of the New York State College of Agriculture 
the progress of agriculture is stated by Dean Mann as 
follows: "Progress in agriculture is fundamental to 
progress in the nation. It is marked by constantly im¬ 
proving physical and social well-being. Agricultural 
progress takes place as the people living in the open 
country achieve, in ever greater amount and jnstor pro¬ 
portion. the highest planes of wealth, health, knowledge, 
sociability, beauty (or art ! and rightness which we. as 
an American people, have come to believe are associated 
with superior personal well-being and worthy of our lof¬ 
tiest purposes.” The program of the week was one of 
the most comprehensive ones yet developed for the an¬ 
nual gathering of farm people from this State and many 
of the neighboring States. In fact, throughout the six 
and one-half days of conference there were given a total 
of 397 lectures. 
Dean Mann, in giving the address of welcomp to the 
gathering at the fifteenth annual farmers’ week, declared 
that leaders of the nation should look upon aids ro agri¬ 
culture as income-producing investment instead of as an 
expense. lie stated that the week as an intensive train¬ 
ing school was arranged so that the individuals could 
secure information in an individual way. or in a way 
that comes from group conference. lie stated, in part: 
“Inasmuch a3 the food supply depends directly and 
finally on natural resources, which are limited in 
amount even though we are far from knowing what 
these limits are. it is dear that the ability of the na¬ 
tions to meet the food requirements of increasing popu¬ 
lations demanding better standards, is depending upon 
the knowledge and wisdom with which the natural re¬ 
sources are utilized and the requirements of a perma¬ 
nent agriculture discovered and adopted in practice. 
The great development of these public agencies is a rec¬ 
ognition in the second place that the requirements for 
the establishment of a permanent agriculture have their 
basis in investigation and education; investigation to 
discover new facts, new processes, now resources, and 
the more effectual use of existing means and facilities: 
and education to carry the advances in knowledge to 
those who can incorporate them in practice and thus 
gradually establish a permanent agriculture.” 
Frank 1* Bussell of the Department of l'lant Breed¬ 
ing outlined the work which the State college has done 
in breeding various grains for the use of New York 
farmers, and declared that the work of breeding a supe¬ 
rior corn for grain and silage has already achieved 
marked and widely recognized success. lie stated that 
Cornell Eleven corn has proven a variety of wide and 
outstanding merit and that no longer an experiment, it 
is rapidly supplanting many high-vieldtng flints and 
mediocre dents. Another variety of corn mentioned by 
Prof. Bussell was Webber's I>ent. a variety which he 
stated has proven a valuable addition to the dents of 
New York State. lie also added that Alvord’s White- 
cap, Onondaga Dent and Cornell Twelve were promis¬ 
ing. This department has bred up four strains of oats 
having marked superiority, and now being grown by 
some <«f the growers of the State. These strains are 
CoruclHan. Oomewell, Standwell and Empire, and if 
they were universally used Mr. Bussell believes that an 
increase of five bushels per acre would result. Honor 
and Forward wheats are likewise proving themselves to 
be reckoned with among the leaders. In the varieties 
of barley that have beta developed at the station. Feath- 
erston Seven and Alpha are proving themselves superior 
to the common varieties. So far Cornell lias done but 
very little to advertise their wares for the reason (hat a 
supply from the experimental fields would he insufficient 
to supply the demand, so the department last year de¬ 
veloped i program where seed was furnished to growers 
in bushel lots only ro men who agreed to give it proper 
rare in multiplication, the department in these cases 
supervising the harvesting and thrashing. Prof. Bus¬ 
sell emphasized the fact that seed growing was a pains¬ 
taking business and required a careful attention to de¬ 
tails. — 
Mrs. Maud Muller of Willow Creek. Tompkins Co., 
N. Y.. a practical poultry raiser, gave a very interesting 
talk on her experiences. She stated that no part of 
poultry work was too hard for a woman to do. The de¬ 
tails necessary are a sort that the average women are 
interested in. She believes that the work is healthy and 
develops a liking for the country. The secret of suc¬ 
cess, Mrs. Muller stated, is in the watchfulness of the 
many little thiugs. On her Earm standard incubators 
are used in fireproof cement cellars. Contrary to many 
authorities. Mrs. Muller believes in cooling her egas 
during incubation. The test which she uses is that the 
temperature should he the same as the human eyelid. 
She believes in taking the eggs from the incubator nr the 
end of the forty-eighth hour. All her chicks are hatched 
from eggs carefully selected as to size and shape, and are 
always from their own brood. In this way Mrs. Mul¬ 
ler believes that she is developing a stronger flock of her 
own. She told that she had conceived the idea of plac¬ 
ing a circular wire screen around the hover, which she 
draws tighter at night to confine the chicks closer to the 
hover, and enlarges during the day. Her experiments 
with artificial light have proven a decided success. 
Henry Burden, president of the Cazenovia National 
Bank, speaking before a Farmers’ Week audience on 
the usefulness of a country bank, raised the question as 
to whether, evpu in the face of the agitation of long¬ 
time credits for farmers, the present system of notes 
running for a terra of three or four months with ade¬ 
quate renewals was not adequate aud sounder, because 
it compelled the farmer to keep iu close touch with the 
bank, this being to his advantage, and also that of the 
hank. Mr. Burden said that it should he possible for 
farmers to get the necessary credit at every local bank 
sufficient to carry on their business. Tourhing on the 
.service which a bank should render, he pointed out that 
every bank should make it a point for all their r-U'-toni- 
ers to feel at home. This is but a matter of good huG- 
ness. Further commenting on the country bank situa¬ 
tion. Mr. Burden said: "In the country banks that are 
most responsive to the needs of their communities you 
will usually find affairs being administered by a hoard 
of director? which really directs; a hoard that ravels as 
frequently as once a week, and the members of which 
draw a definite fee for attending meetings; a board that 
discusses fully and carefully, but in a broad-minded 
spirit, all discount offerings, carefully weighing all re¬ 
sponsibility of the hank as to the obligation to extend 
financial support to a local enterprise that may momen¬ 
tarily need help to an extent that may involve an actual 
risk of loss. In our United States today, under the 
wonderful Federal Reserve system, which, after all. is 
only the intelligent pool of the resources of over 50 per 
cent of the entire banking strength of the country, if a 
country bank is managed on the lines above mentioned 
there is no danger that nil the legitimate financial needs 
of local communities will not he fully met and eared 
for.” 
T. C. Powell, vice-president of the Erie Railroad, 
said that the whole question of marketing must be con¬ 
sidered when it comes to the question of consideration 
of a motor truck. One of the essentials of marketing 
is to deliver as promptly as needed, and not as the ven¬ 
dor wishes. “Delivery by motor truck does not com¬ 
pensate for poor grade or no grade at all; it does not 
conceal poor packages or freshen up articles that were 
not fresh when the truck left the farm.” He further 
stated that few shippers realized the waste and delay 
in loading and unloading which can be largely overcome 
by better grading and according to standards which will 
reduce delay in checking aud receiving goods, and also 
by better packages, according to an approved standard 
for strength and ease of handling. 
Aaron Sapiro of New York, who appeared a few 
weeks-ago before the New York State Horticultural 
Society, spoke on Wednesday before farmers who were 
interested on the suhject of better marketing. He stated 
that all authorities now agree that (he trouble with ag¬ 
riculture is in an antiquated and miiutelligent system of 
dumping products whieb must 1 m* completely discarded. 
He stated that the farmers must adopt a marketing 
scheme that has been in effect by other industries for 
at least two generations. "Under the present system.” 
he stated, “the products of each farmer are thrown "n 
the market at the same time as those of other farmers. 
Without regard to the absorbing power of the markets, 
and without regard to the world production. The farm- 
el's break the price against farmers, and the buyer -its 
by and reaps the profit from this blind system of dump¬ 
ing.” 
R. W. Thatcher, director of the Geneva Experiment 
Station, stated: “Agricultural experiment stations are 
the foundation of the whole system of agricultural edu¬ 
cation and extension work. Without them the supply of 
knowledge for extension work will become stale and in¬ 
adequate. and further progress in agriculture will be¬ 
come slow and uncertain.’’ 
Dean Moore, of the State Veterinary College, in 
speaking of rho relation of dairy products to human dis¬ 
ease. said: ''Tuberculosis is more easily spread by milk 
to children on thp farm where there is little or no dilu¬ 
tion. while typhoid and diphtheria are more likely ro bo 
spread in cities and towns where the milk is delivered 
in bottles ready for use. With proper precautions 
and supervision, however, there is little danger of milk 
infection.” 
The Hope Farm man stated in his address to the 
Farmers' Week visitors that young men should build a 
four-sided fence around themselves, viz., wife. home, 
piece of land and power. “Few men.” he said, “are 
worth their salt until they build their own home.” and 
he made a strong plea that this home be a farm home, 
for he believes that every man and woman should own 
a piece of land, and should be able to put his foot ou it 
and say. “This piece of God’s earth belongs to me; ir is 
a part of niy heritage up to the sky. and my chances for 
rising higher, to the sky. depend upon the care I take 
of this little portion of the footstool. 1 ’ He stated that 
he could conceive of a government developed and con¬ 
trolled entirely by laboratory men who have no knowl¬ 
edge of practical human affairs, Up further stated that 
he could also conceive of another government conducted 
by practical workers with no knowledge of science and 
little of what we call education. He believed that it was 
not likely that either of these governments would be tit. 
vet he thought of the two the practical workman would 
be the safest for human life, for the men of the farm 
must of necessity be more of the human than the labora¬ 
tory man. This is because the former gets closer to 
things which really touch humanity. That is the qual¬ 
ity which has always beaten down other forces and 
ruled the world. 
The home-makers were not overlooked in the confer¬ 
ence of the week, because they bad special work during 
each of the days. Dr. A. L. Daniels gave very interest¬ 
ing suggestions on the selection of food, taking for her 
text. "Tell me what yon eat and I will tell you wluu you 
are.” The home economics conference included talks on 
various farm home problems, such as the merits of vari¬ 
ous cooking utensils, buying, aud making of garments, 
and nutrition matters. 
Despite many predictions, the attendance was up to 
that of last year, the registration being, in round num¬ 
bers. 3.900. E. a. F. . 
