408 
W* RURAL NEW-YORKER 
March 18, 1922 
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to light the stairs to cellar or garret; 
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The Grape Outlook 
Part III 
Dessekt Fruit. —Lastly and probably 
the best outlet that offers itself for ser¬ 
ious consideration is for dessert and cook¬ 
ing purposes. It is a fact too well known 
even to warrant a discussion that native 
American grapes have not been distri¬ 
buted widely. This applies whether they 
have been shipped for wine or dessert. 
The large producing areas nil supplied 
practically the same large selling centers, 
and while it is true to a limited extent 
that distribution was made to other points 
nearby from these, yet the fact remains 
that many cities of considerable popula¬ 
tion did not receive a carload of grapes 
in an entire season. It should be stated 
here, however, that a large part of the 
tonnage within recent years has not been 
of a pack good enough to warrant a 
reaching out for dessert markets. This 
has been recognized for some time by 
those who cared to acknowledge the truth. 
The fruit was in most seasons (it for des¬ 
sert purposes, but careless bundling and 
packing spoiled its usefulness for this 
purpose. Then it would seem that the 
first requisite that the table markets may 
be enlarged and held by the Eastern 
grower is the production of grapes of a 
most marked in 1921. It is of course 
recognized that the varieties grown there 
are firmer and hence naturally are better 
shippers, but on the other hand, the sec¬ 
tion is more subject to the mildews, and 
consequently spraying is a common prac¬ 
tice. This contributes not a little to the 
better condition on arrival. 
Select Varieties. — It would seem 
that as the table market offers an in¬ 
creased outlet for grapes that prospective 
planters, whether they be located in the 
established vineyard sections, or not, 
should awaken to the fact that there are 
other varieties tlian^ th^se , generally 
grown that will greatly ICnguion the 
shipping •■•season, and which will appeal 
to the discriminating tastes of the users' 
It seems certain that enough Concord 
are now growing to supply the demands 
for wine and un fermented juice for some 
time to come. It is probable that Moore, 
Worden. Niagara and Catawba are al¬ 
ready sufficient to satisfy the Eastern 
markets. There are, however, some 
varieties long since discarded and all but 
forgotten that merit a place in the table 
list. Then, too, some few new varieties 
have been recently introduced that are 
1 is shaft of engine wound with tape, diameter 1% in.; 2. 14-in. pulley; 3. arm con¬ 
necting pulley with short lever; 4. short lover: 5. long lever; (i, arm connecting long 
lever to pump handle; 7. pump handle; S-S. strap hinges; 9. two harrow springs, one 
set inside of the other, bolted to No. t>; 10, two threaded rods to regulate pressure; 
11- 11, plates for attaching pressure rods, one rod. No. 10, each side of Nos. 4 and 5; 
12- 12. nuts for regulating pressure of spring. No. 4 and No. 5 will separate, pre¬ 
venting No. 5 taking full stroke when maximum pressure is reached. 
quality that will warrant careful hand¬ 
ling and packing. That such fruit, be 
grown it will be necessary that every 
cultural detail must be given attention 
so that but a minimum of cull fruit is 
produced. Ample fertilization, cultiva¬ 
tion and spraying contribute greatly to 
the production of first quality fruit. The 
shipping distance of Concord, sprayed 
and unsprayed, has been studied, and it 
has been learned that one spraying with 
Bordeaux mixture has been instrumental 
in keeping the fruit in good condition 
when shipped half way across the United 
States, while accompanying unsprayed 
fruit sent at the same rime arrived with 
most of the berries off the stems and with 
much blue mold. 
Uniform Packing. —It then behooves 
the vlneyardist, if be wishes to hold his 
table trade, or even increase it, that he 
must produce fruit such that each pack¬ 
age will he an index of the entire ^ship¬ 
ment. If this be done, then the merits 
of this or that brand can be advertised 
extensively to the end that the consumer 
will be as familiar with the brand as lie 
is with “Sunkist.” If an organization or 
individual can guarantee that a car of 
grapes will be of a certain predetermined 
standard there will be no trouble in sell¬ 
ing another car in (he same market. The 
great trouble has boon in the past that 
no two growers had the same conception 
of the meaning of the various packs. As 
a consequence a carload made up of the 
loads drawn in by 15 or 20 growers would 
consist of 15 or 20 grades of the sup¬ 
posedly same pack. One can easily imag¬ 
ine the difficulty of maintaining a uniform 
price for these various packs at the dis¬ 
tributing points. Add to this situation 
the admittedly poor condition of the fruit 
generally in 1921, and is it to be won¬ 
dered that the prices of the previous sea¬ 
son were not reached? .Could the crop 
of fruit harvested in Eastern United 
States have been got to market in good 
condition there is no question hut that 
it would have been readily absorbed at 
higher prices than were actually ob¬ 
tained. The contrast between the con¬ 
dition of the fruit from California on 
arrival with that from the East was 
worthy of a place for dessert purposes. 
Of the former Iona, Mossasoit, Ver- 
gennes, Regal and Norton, in latitudes 
along the south of the Great Lakes, have 
proven very desirable. The latter is 
probably the best red wine grape grown 
in Eastern United States. Ir should find 
a place as a source of color and for in¬ 
creasing the body of Concord unfer¬ 
mented juice. Clinton for a similar pur¬ 
pose should be grown. Of the newer 
varieties that are now being introduce'! 
Ontario and Portland (white), Dunkirk 
(red) and Sheridan (black) have proven 
their value as kinds worthy of a place in 
the viticulture of the Eastern United 
Stales. For the home vineyard Urbana 
(red) and Brocton (white) are well 
worth a trial. Yineyardists in some 
localities have appreciated the value of 
a succession of varieties of desirable, sorts 
for dessert purposes to their financial 
gain, hut the field is still open for the 
more extensive planting with this end in 
view. It must, however, be recognized 
that there are many other kinds that may 
do well under especial conditions of soil 
and climate, and that the above list is 
but suggestive. F. E. G. 
Gasoline Engine on Hand Sprayer 
I am sending a sketch of a device I 
made to attach the power of a small gaso¬ 
line engine to a spray pump, thinking 
perhaps that you have many readers that 
are situated as 1 was, with a small engine 
and a hand-power spray pump, and not 
having enough spraying to justify the 
investment required for a power sprayer. 
My outfit worked well with surplus 
pressure when using four nozzles con¬ 
stantly. I believe the pressure is suf¬ 
ficient for eight or 12 nozzles. 
The only difficulty I experienced was 
with the belt running from engine shaft 
to pulley. This is necessarily a very 
short belt, and has to have a belt tightener, 
which is not shown in sketch. Having to 
run belt so tight is very hard on the belt. 
Sprocket wheels and chains would be 
better. By gearing higher, thus making 
stroke faster, it could be regulated to run 
any number of nozzles required. 
G. E. A. 
