453 
Manufacturing Cotton in Europe 
We have mentioned the plan recently adopted of 
sending cotton from this country direct to the Dan¬ 
ube Valley section of Europe. Some of the greatest 
cotton mills in the world are located there. It is a 
section where money is cheap and credit poor, so 
that mill owners are mostly unable to buy American 
cotton with which to occupy their mills. In this 
emergency the plan was devised of doing “piece¬ 
work” on a very large scale. Cotton is to be sent 
from America to these foreign mills, and made into 
cloth at a fixed price per yard. Then the cloth is put 
into market and sold at the best price obtainable. 
Under this system the foreign, mill is kei.it busy, the 
workmen are paid, the steamship lines receive 
freight, and the American growers receive more for 
their cotton than they could if it were sold in our 
ordinary markets. From Southern California alone 
over 1.000 bales of cotton have been handled in this 
way. The doth has been madt and sold, and the 
proceeds distributed. One of our readers who was 
interested iu this method, which is known as the Toll 
plan, has interviewed the manager of these Euro¬ 
pean mills, and says: 
The manager had with him some pieces of cloth: 
prints, I believe, is the technical name for it, that he 
made out of low, ordinary, stained Mississippi cotton. 
Fie has succeeded in making four yards of cloth to the 
pound, selling at 18c a yard, with the cost of making, 
including all the charges from the growers to the pur¬ 
chaser, being 32e, netting the owner 40c a pound. He 
would have been glad to have accepted four to five 
cents a pound iu cash the day the cotton was shipped. 
The Golden Rule in Real Estate 
I was very much interested iri your article on page 
263. entitled “Helping the Farmer to Help Himself.” 
as I now own and live on the farm on which Lauren If. 
Colwell was born and lived until he was married. I 
also was one of the boys he helped, and there are about 
50 other men who will tell you that Mr. Colwell has 
been a blessing to the young men. Too bad there are 
not more men like this man ; he had a way of encourag¬ 
ing you when things went wrong. I started in without 
anything. Mr. Colwell bought me a small farm of 100 
acres. The first year T was to pay interest, and more 
if I could. Well, tilings went badly. I lost four cows, 
ami every calf I tried to raise I lost. At the end of the 
year I lacked $15 of paying my interest, Mr. Colwell 
said to me: “You have had bad luck this year. You 
go right on; we will call it paid.” It is too bad Mr. 
Colwell has to give up this work, for no one can fill 
his place. 
I will give you one instance where Mr. Cohvell 
showed faith in boys. A certain boy. who never had a 
chance, went to Colwell and told him lie would like a 
farm. Colwell told him he would see what he could do. 
Some of the best men iu Deposit advised him that this 
hoy never could pay for a farm. Colwell said: “Well, 
he never will unless he has a chance, and I will give 
him that chance.” And he did. and today this man, who 
is yet a young man, has a good farm, has built a large, 
new barn, runs two cars, is out of debt, and has money 
iu the bank, thanks to Lauren Colwell. 
Broome Co., X. Y, guv blowers. 
Mr. Colwell is the man who buys farms for de¬ 
serving young men and accepts character as security 
for the money. Men may organize or battle po¬ 
litically for their rights, hut they will never make 
great permanent progress in reviving agriculture 
and making farming a beloved business until they 
take up more of the spirit shown by Lauren H. Col¬ 
well. The average “money lender” is not regarded 
as Colwell is by the men who owe their homes to 
him. 
A Suggestion to Women Farmers 
In this land there are thousands of women who 
either cannot or will not marry. Worthy are many 
of them to become the wives of good men. Many of 
them would like to make and have a home of their 
own, as the most of ns mortals do. The following 
appeals to me as a method b.\ which some of them, 
at least, could make a home and lead a useful life: 
Two young women can live together as sisters if 
indeed they can agree and are willing to give the 
method a trial. Now let two young women who have 
uo money, but. are willing to work, join their for¬ 
tunes of one dollar each, and make an agreement to 
work and place their money together until they have 
enough to start in business for themselves, as fol¬ 
lows 
First, they should work on an up-to-date farm, 
where there is a good, up-to-date vegetable garden, 
and where chickens are raised successfully, and 
while working and earning money to place in the 
bank with which to start business for themselves, 
they should learn all they can in regard to the rais¬ 
ing of chickens and vegetable gardening. They 
should he on the lookout for a small place with a 
few acres of land, which can he hired or leased for 
five or ten years, and when they have money enough 
with which to start, let them commence to garden 
and raise chickens, fan women do the hard work in 
a vegetable garden? Yes, by gradual progress, small 
day at first. I often get through hard work by chang¬ 
ing from hard work tu easy for a while and then 
back to the hard work again. 
•Iht RURAL NEW.YORKER 
One of the women could remain on the farm and 
furnish money to hire some of the hard work done, 
say for one or a part of a year, and room with her 
business partner at night, until they are well start¬ 
ed. if deemed advisable. Trust iu God and go to 
work, determined to succeed. When well started, 
take one or two poor children to bring up. if that 
meets your approval. A blessing to you and the chil¬ 
dren. Get married, one of you? If so, let the one 
who remains secure another business partner. Both 
get married? All right, if you do well. And I am 
not sure but twd wise young men will want you. 
Now you have my theory, and two young women 
who will cut out fashions, high-heeled shoes, silk 
stockings, etc., and dress plainly, can, as I trust, 
make a success. And if two can make a success in 
that way, thousands more can do the same. 
AN OLD EX-VEGETABLE GARDENER. 
Health of the Country Child 
I am enclosing something I just cut from a well- 
known magazine, and with which I do not agree. Our 
two childreu attend a centralized school, which two 
years ago we thought a very good one. They are iust 
finishing a large addition and trying to adopt citified 
methods, copied from the school system of a nearby 
oily. "Speed" seems to be their motto. The children 
are expected to do a certain amount of work in a cer¬ 
tain length of time, instead of requiring thoroughness 
and understauding of the subject. Under the present 
system of education the children are being trained as 
mere machines. n. P. wells. 
Pennsylvania. 
The article referred to is entitled “The Woman’s 
Own .Tub—The Child.” printed in the Pictorial Re¬ 
view for February. A number of our readers have 
written about this, taking the same view as Mr. 
Wells. We regard the article as an ill-concealed 
sneer at country children and country conditions 
There is certainly no evidence about this article to 
indicate that the author ever saw the country, ever 
had anything to do with country children, or ever 
had any children of her (or his) own! It reads to 
us just like one of those pieces of gilded “guff” which 
so-called educators are emitting. Here is a sample: 
In tip 1 matter of health country children are also 
worse off than city children. In ear-defects country 
children are four times worse thau city children, while 
eye-defects run nearly twice as high t’nr country as for 
city children. Evcu breathing defects and malnutrition 
arc worse in the country than in the city. 16 per cent 
of the country children being Improperly fed and under¬ 
nourished, while only i per cent of city children suffer 
from this cause. Dr. Thomas D. Wood of Teachers’ 
College. Columbia University, is my authority for these 
figures. Dr. Wood also makes the statement that the 
death rate in rural areas is five tinfes as high as in New 
York City. 
Witli all respect for Dr. Thomas D. Wood, we do 
not believe he knows what he is talking about. He 
ought to tell us why we are constantly importuned 
to give money to help send city children to the coun¬ 
try for their health. Surely no one thinks of sending 
country children to the city in order that they may 
he given “fresh air." We have had much personal 
experience in taking city children to live in the 
country, and we have seen too many of them “come 
back” in health when taken to the farm to have very 
much respect for such statistics and opinions. The 
great trouble with many of these educators and fad¬ 
dists is that they prove too much—and destroy their 
own argument in the eyes of people who must judge 
their message by common sense. 
New York State Notes 
The Farmers’ Co-operative Food Company at Fort 
Edward, Washington County, organized less than a 
year ago, is doing a fine business despite very stiff com¬ 
petition. They are very advantageously located on the 
canal and railroad. The canal passes right by the end 
of their warehouse, and the T>. & H. siding is arranged 
so as to afford every facility for unloading feed into the 
warehouse without carting. This farmers’ company is 
also equipped with a good coal slutte. They are hand¬ 
ling G. L. F. products, and the strength of this organi¬ 
zation appears to he growing in that locality. 
In Dutchess County I ran on to a very interesting 
development in connection with the radio telephone. 
The Bed Hook Grange is installing a large machine, 
approximate cost $250. and planning frequent radio 
programs. I was talking with one of the Grange mem¬ 
bers, who stated that a few men had underwritten the 
scheme. Every county I go iu seems to be crazy over 
the developments in radio. 
Everything looks bright for the Sheep Breeders’ As¬ 
sociation since the sale of the State clip. Demand for 
wool is increasing. I heard the other day that they are 
paying $10 to $12 for ewes in the West, where they 
could hardly be given away a year ago. Local dealers 
will no doubt take advantage of every possible leverage 
they can with the stimulated conditions. 
Confidence in the tuberculosis situation is rather un¬ 
certain. So many reacting animals are no lesion cases, 
throws a shadow of doubt iu the minds of many breed¬ 
ers. F 
Wants Honest Woolen Cloth 
I am taking the liberty of sending you a letter to the 
wool growers association, which I would greatly appre¬ 
ciate if you would properly address it. I am anxious to 
get some samples of the cloth they are making from new, 
long-fleece wool, so I may order some patterns and get 
some deceut clothes, which I am unable to get from 
stores. When I bought an overcoat six weeks ago I 
demanded to know whether it was all wool, and the best 
the merchant could assure me was that it had been so 
recommended to him. Iu six weeks’ wear it is all but 
frayed around the cuffs, and the merchant has agreed to 
take it back. It recalls to me an incident of a few 
,'cars ago. when the leading men iu the clothing business 
petitioned the New England mill men to put better 
quality wool iu their clothes, as the inferior stuff was 
ruining their business. In W. W. Reynolds’ contr-’bu- 
tion in the current number I was again reminded of my 
duty toward agriculture, but the needed address of the 
cloth-making organization was missing. Neither could I 
locate it in back numbers, nor could I find an advertise¬ 
ment to direct me. G E M 
The letter has been forwarded to the wool growers. 
The Country is full of people who would gladly buy 
cloth and blankets direct if they knew where the goods 
could be obtained. We believe that this co-operative 
manufacturing and direct sale point the way to indus- 
Lial freedom for both producers and consumers. 
increasing Demand tor Veterinarians 
I,,?'* a?L aC ' mg h° f tbe itM ?* h,jm * b - v thp automobile 
Iti V \ go - od mau - v people think There is u «. further 
rjetennamus. The fact is that, nonvithstand- 
the motor car. the actual reduction in the number 
ot horses m the country is small, and. further, the need 
i°^V T! nan -!. ns to eare frtl ' food-producing animals is 
greater than it ever was to protect horses iu the cities. 
The secretary of the American Horse Protective Asso¬ 
ciation states tlmr in many ciries the horse is taking 
the place of the motor truck. 
In tile last 10 years the value of animals in New 
nooonrt ? io-,o7i c ’ a ' sefl frora $^000,000 to $314,- 
x In there was one veterinarian for each 
looo ..' Hnrth of animals w New York State. In 
!. y - u * hP 1 ,,p . "as but one veterinarian for $303,000 of 
five stock investment. While the value of animals is 
increasing, the number of veterinarians is decreasing, 
Iu 1 14 there were over 2.000 students in the veferin- 
ary Colleges of the T tilted States. In Iplp there were 
1 ■ • ;, .nd now there are less than TOO students in all the 
veterinary schools of both the United States and 
< iinada. 
Prior to 1010 the greater number of veterinary stu¬ 
dents came from the large cities. Sow* they come for 
the greater [.art, from the country and smaller towns, 
llie transfer of veterinary work from the horse in the 
city to farm animals in the country is oue of rlie most 
important factors in the adjustment of tbe profession 
to the needs of the public. The steady increase in the 
value of five stock is creating a demand for the services 
• d properly qualified veterinarians that has not been 
equaled iu the past. Experience has shown that suc¬ 
cessful animal husbandry in a thickly settled community 
cannot be maintained without adequate veterinary 
service. 1 lie losses trom diseases of animals constitute 
the great stumbling block to the industry. These can 
be minimized by preventing or controlling the destruc¬ 
tive maladies and by the proper treatment of individual 
cases with the other troubles. There is no cither service 
of more vital importance to the live stock industry 
than that which can be rendered hv competent veterin- 
arians. ‘ E . 
Boosting Better Breeds in Wyoming and 
Genesee Counties N. Y. 
1 he farmers in Wyoming and Genesee counties are 
awakening to the fact that better stock means greater 
P r °fits- To h<di> in this development, the cashier of 
the \\yomuvg imd I’avilion Banking Companies put a 
proposition up to the boys of those two communities 
whereby they could secure a purebred calf, give the 
banks notes m payment, keep the calves for one year 
and then sell them. Bur the boys thought of the 
financial part of rhe proposition and the selling of the 
calves just before the time of their greatest value This 
plan was abandoned, and another one submitted. Fif¬ 
teen boys bought purebred heifers, rouging in nrice 
from $125 to $246. p 
We have organized a club, knowu as the Paviliou- 
Vyinning Better Cattle Club. The following board of 
advisers w ere chosen to help in the work: W. A. 
Campbell, auctioneer and farmer; F. J. Ryan, high 
school principal; X. !!, Freeman, who is with Mr. Grat- 
wick at Highland Farms; K. B. Musser. Eastern rep- 
sentative of the American Guernsey Cattle Club, and 
C. A. Graham, hanker. Mr. W II. Gratwick has taken 
a great interest in rhe club, and is giving the use of his 
purebred Guernsey sires without cost to the bovs. We 
are planning a banquet in the Spring, at which we 
intend to entertain our fathers and others connected 
with the club. Iu July or August we expect to exhibit 
our cattle. Already many generous prizes have been 
offered, and we are going to put on a real live-stock 
sbow - EARL WHEELER. 
The Local Price of Wool 
Du page 3*7 there is an article by F. E. Robertson. 
"The Sheep Growers Win.” I want to take exception 
to one statement in regard to the price growers would 
have received, had they sold their wool to local buyers. 
T. ho article states that growers would not have received 
an average price of 15c per lb. for their wool had thev 
sold locally. 
Our wool went to the State wool pool, and we had 
a statement showing the grading of all the wool received 
at Syracuse, and that wool would have sold for an 
average of about 23c per lb. to our local hnyers. As 
a rule, they paid 21c per lh, for coarse wtols. and 28c 
for fine lots. I don't know what prices were paid in 
other sections of the Stare, but they could not have 
differed much from our own section. I nave heard 
some comment oil the statement In question, ami ( tru< 
it was no more than a misprint. We are well satis¬ 
fied with this year’s results of the wool pool, and be¬ 
lieve that all sheep men should co-operate with the 
State Association. F. l. brownell. 
Jolnisonville, N. Y. 
