April 22, 1922 
578 
market the crops of its members only, because it is 
owned by its members, controlled by its members, 
and operated for their exclusive benefit, and in the 
interest of the consumer. No profits are made by 
the association for itself. It returns to its members 
tiie full sale price received for their crops, less only 
actual operating costs. The association is the mem¬ 
bership and the membership is the association. 
MANAGEMENT.—The board of directors are the 
managers of the association. The board is elected 
by the members. The State is divided into districts, 
and each district nominates a director of the central. 
In addition to the hoard of directors, the local asso¬ 
ciation will act as an advisory committee to the cen¬ 
tral board on all local problems under consideration 
by the central. The directors will make no profits. 
They will get the same price for their products 
as every other member, because their products 
are in the same pool, and everything they 
do affects them equally as it affects all other mem¬ 
bers. This, the association believes, is one of the 
strongest guarantees of good and careful manage¬ 
ment. Active management of the association is 
delegated to a general manager, who is closely re¬ 
sponsible to the directors. Every number, upon 
joining, pays an entrance fee of $1, provided lie was 
not a member of the association before it was re¬ 
organized. This is the only membership fee. There 
are no annual dues. This sum is being used to de¬ 
fray the expense of securing as many members as 
possible. 
LOCALS AND CENTRALS.—Every local associa¬ 
tion in the State is affiliated with the central organi¬ 
zation under a tri-party contract. Any grower who 
becomes a member of this association expressly 
agrees to become a member of the most convenient 
local and abide l)y the rules and regulations of the 
locals as well as the terms of the contract he signs. 
The integrity of the locals as a legal entity is main¬ 
tained. The members of the local elect their own 
directors. Tile locals will do no selling. I hey will 
confine their activities to co-ordinating through the 
central the work of all the other locals; inspecting 
the quality of the product delivered by the mem¬ 
bers. so that a proper grading is made at the time 
of delivery at. the cannery; representing the central 
in all negotiations with the local cannery, under the 
advice and supervision of the central notifying each 
member of the quantity of each product for which 
contracts can he made and the price the central lias 
obtained for such product. 
MARKETING AGREEMENTS.—Each local asso¬ 
ciation will maintain an internal pool under which 
every member of the local will, receive the same 
price for similar grade and quantity delivered. It 
is the duty of the hoard of directors of the central 
to secure as nearly as possible uniform prices to 
the members of all the locals for similar grades of 
products, due consideration being given to certain 
differentials, such as freights, supplies and services 
furnished by canners. Every member signs a stand¬ 
ard marketing agreement, which provides that dur¬ 
ing the years 1922, 1023, 1924. lb-5. 1920 the mem¬ 
bers will deliver to the order of the association all 
of the canning crops he produces each year. lie 
further agrees that he will under no circumstances 
make any direct contract with the canner unless 
express permission is granted by the central asso¬ 
ciation. Iu return the central agrees to provide 
facilities for securing the best returns possible to 
all the members, and to pay over the full resale 
price to the members, loss actual operating expenses 
and a reserve fund for future contingencies. In 
addition, the central agrees to hire the best experts 
available to do the selling on behalf of the member¬ 
ship. 
RESERVE FUNDS.—The marketing agreement 
provides that after deducting the actual expenses 
the directors may make a further deduction, pro¬ 
vided the combined deductions do not exceed three 
per cent of the to.al turnover. This further deduc¬ 
tion will he placed in a reserve fund to he used to 
maintain the association during the year in which 
there is a crop failure and the operating prohibitive 
except when there is a reserve fund to fall back 
upon. This, the directors believe, is ordinary good 
business judgment, and the method adopted by all 
the great commercial corporations of the country to 
provide for lean years. Each member is credited 
on the books of the association willi total amount 
of his contribution to this reserve fund, and is paid 
six per cent interest upon the actual hook value of 
liis contribution computed at the end of each year. 
A certificate of unit, of interest will lie issued to the 
members from time to time as this unit Of interest 
is computed. Every member of the central associa¬ 
tion will have one vote in his local, and properly 
constituted delegates of the local will vote in the 
The RURAL NEW-YORKER 
central. Canners are already approaching the 
growers’ association for contracts* and the progres¬ 
sive ones agree that it is much better for them to 
contract through the association than to try to 
obtain their contracts under the old system. 
PERSONNEL.—The officers and directors of the 
New York Canning Crop Growers’ Association are as 
follows: President. C. A. Rogers, Bergen, N. Y.; 
vice-president, B. E. Brophel, Leicester, N. Y.: secre¬ 
tary, Thomas E. Wright. Webster, N. Y.; treasurer. 
Flank E. Rupert, Geneva, N. Y. Directors by coun¬ 
ties: Niagara Comity. J. A. McCollum; Orleans, F. 
W. Taine; Genesee. George Mayne; Monroe. O. ,T. 
Burley; Seneca and Yates. F. E, Rupert: Wayne, 
,T. C. Gannett: Livingston, B. E. Brophel; Steuben, 
T. S. Darling: Oneida, Herkimer and Madison, C. L. 
Stellwagen: Chautauqua and Erie. George Burrell; 
Onondaga, Oswego, Cayuga and Cortland. H. E. 
Whitmore; member at large, C. A. Rogers, e. a. f. 
A Farm in New England 
We have a reader in Connecticut who has saved 
something over $4,000. and wants to buy a farm. He 
formerly lived in Canada, and wants to know about the 
Province of Quebec as a starting place. We think he 
would do better oil this side of the line, in Vermont. 
We referred iliis question to a correspondent, who 
knows Vermont thoroughly, and he says: 
T HE French-Canadians from the Province of 
Quebec are coming to Vermont in great num¬ 
bers for the purpose of purchasing farms. This 
would indicate that prices are better hero than in 
Quebec, else the Canadians would stay at home. 
Your correspondent has .$4,000, which be desires 
to invest in a farm, evidently for the purpose of 
raising poultry. 1 certainly would not care to go 
into Canada for the purpose of raising poultry, be- 
cause the market would be much more limited there 
than it would lie in Vermont, where shipping con¬ 
ditions to the large cities would be better, or where 
home markets might be obtained in the vicinity of 
ore of our larger cities. Your correspondent lives 
in Connecticut. This is not very far from Windham 
County, Vermont. I would advise him to take a 
week off along the latter part of May and go to 
Brattlcboro. Vt., and have an interview with R. W. 
Harvey, the County Agricultural Agent. Brattle- 
boro is a thriving town, and should he a very good 
home market. Windham County is a rather rough 
county, and within a few miles of Brattlcboro. in 
the kill sections, it should he possible to buy a fair¬ 
sized farm at a very reasonable price. 
With $4,000 I think your correspondent could 
make a start on a fair-sized farm where he could 
keep some cows and poultry and make a good living. 
At any rate, it would he worth a trip to investigate. 
Results of Dusting Experiments 
T HERE is considerable discussion over the rela¬ 
tive merits of dusting to take the place of 
spraying in fruit orchards. We are glad to give 
both sides of the controversy a fair hearing. The 
following statement shows the results from dusting 
in an orchard located in Wayne Co., N. Y: 
PACKING IIOrSE (OFNT, SEASON OF 1921 
Orchard of 1.090 trees in test, McIntosh, Jonathan 
and Wealthy, set 20x20 ft., spread 10-1* ft., height 12 
ft., age 13 years. 
(A I One-half orchard. 500 trees, dusted with copper, 
lime, lead. dost, mixture: 10 lbs. dehydrated copper 
sulphate. N5 lbs. hydrated lime, 5 lbs. arsenate <if lead. 
(B) One-half orchard, 500 trees, dusted with sulphur 
dust. . 
Ten applications were made, two m the pink, and 
about once a week after the blossom, trying to dust 
from opposite sides of trees. 
Sixty-eight per cent of the fruit in the entire orchard 
came from the copper-Hme-lead block; 32 per cent from 
the sulphur block, or. in other words, the yield was 111 
per cent greater in the eopper-lime-lead block. The 
apples in the eopper-lime-lead block packed 94 per cent 
A grade, and those in the sulphur block 90 per cent A 
grade, as follows: 
,-l J e rce nt u ge- 
A 214 A 2 UriolVd 
.202 .050 
.257 .079 
A 2*4 
Cop per-1 i m e-lead .022 
Sulphur.505 
Cost of one application, per tree, home 
Coppet-lime- 
Material . $0,009 
Application ..000 
Culls 
.021 
.037 
.032 
.059 
mixed; 
ead Sulphur 
$0,015 
.000 
Lawn Clippings for Chicken Feed 
Would it be right to feed my Leghorn pullets cut 
lawn grass, cut with the lawn mower last Summer and 
dried in the sun? If so, how should I feed, soaked or 
drv? Would it do for green food? I am saving eggs 
for hatching, and my cabbage is gone, and so costly 
I dislike to buy any more. 11 . E. w. 
Williamsburg. Mass. 
T HE grass clippings arc all right to feed your 
pullets. But if they are more than 3 or 4 in. 
long it would he wise to run them through a hay 
cutter first, then souk them two or three hours iu 
warm water. It is surprising how the green color¬ 
ing will come back Into them. That green coloring 
matter is “chlorophyl." It is the product of sun¬ 
light. 1 don't, mean sunshine, for grass grown om 
the north side of a building, where the sun never 
strikes, is just as green as any. The eagerness with 
which horses and cows, as well as jtoultry, “go for” 
the first sprouts of green grass in Ihe Spring is an 
indication that the green chlorophyl lias some office 
in the internal economy of animal life that we are 
not aware of. 
Why cut the grass in short pieces? This is the 
reason: I found some of my liens would get “crop- 
bound" in the Spring. Opening the crop, there 
would be in it a hall of loug dead grass, which they 
had eaten while picking at the little green grass. 
The natural grass of our New England hay lots is 
“June grass." This grass sends up but one seed 
stalk. After the hay is made it grows only long 
leaves—no seed stalk. I used to mow this in the 
Fall, cure it just as little as I dared, then put it in 
beau sacks, and store it away for my hens in Win¬ 
ter. I considered it hotter than cabbage, which, 
with the exception of the outer leaves, lacked the 
green chlorophyl of the grass. geo. a. cosgrove. 
Corn on Old Pastures 
T HE advice given H. It. A., Equimink, Ua., re¬ 
garding corn on old pastures would not he just 
the thing in Michigan, hut may do for Pennsylvania 
or some Eastern States. Old pastures make the best 
of all corn ground with us, and the sheep manure 
should not be plowed under, hut spread on the 
plowed field and worked into the soil thoroughly 
with the disk and harrow. 
Wliat corn needs is plant food available early in 
order to get a start before dry weather comes on. 
The roots would hardly reach the manure if plowed 
under till very late, and should a drought set in it 
would do more harm than good. The pasture should 
have been plowed in the Fall, and as early in the 
Spring as possible the manure should be spread 
evenly, with a spreader, if possible, and thoroughly 
incorporated into the soil, which should be worked 
till the ground is packed solidly and the top for 
several inches made very fine. I have never known 
white grubs to injure corn, but cutworms do con¬ 
siderable damage at times. If the seed bed is 
thoroughly prepared and the plant food is where 
the corn roots can get hold of it at once, the corn 
will outgrow the worms, and they will do little 
damage, and a splendid crop will result. I have 
grown over 150 bushels of ears of corn per acre by 
the above plan, and have failed to harvest half of 
that amount when the manure was plowed under, 
the seasons being nearly the same in both eases. 
Michigan. f. l . w. 
R. N.-Y.—With us these old pastures are usually 
quite sour and are well filled with white grubs. 
About the first thought in planting them is to use 
lime. 
Trees On the Boundary Line 
My neighbor has a small tree growing on his prop¬ 
erty about six inches from our line, and as I contem¬ 
plate planting Dahlias, some of which will be under it, 
I would like your opinion as to whether I have a legal 
right to remove that part of the branches which extend 
over our line. C. F. H. 
Bergen Co., N. J. 
Y OFR position in this case is about as follows: 
The tree belongs to your neighbor, since it 
leaves the ground on liis side of the line. Its roots 
run under your line and take moisture and plant 
food from your soil, hut legally, the tree belong to 
the person from whose land its trunk grows. The 
crop of fruit or nuts on such a tree belongs to your 
neighbor, hut he has no right to come on your land 
and harvest such a crop without your permission. 
He has no right to damage your property with liis 
tree. This might he done both above and below 
ground by giving too much shade or taking too much 
moisture from the soil. You have a right to protect 
your property by cutting off the limbs which shade 
your ground, hut you must not do this in such a way 
as permanently to injure or disfigure the tree. Thus 
the rights and wrongs of neighbors are so mixed up 
in a tree which grows on the boundary line that it 
would he impossible to satisfy both parties Ill a law¬ 
suit. The best plan will he to try to settle it in i 
neighborly way. and agree that certain limbs will 
he cut. off so as to give the garden a fair amount of 
air and sunshine. Failing in such an agreement, 
you can stand t>n your own property and cut the 
limbs which run out over your land, but the neighbor 
can sue for damages if he thinks you have ruined 
the shape of his tree. 
