The RURAL NEW-YORKER 
591 
The Problem of Dairy Organization 
The milk controversy has again found its way 
into the courts. Two injunction proceedings have 
been started. Frederick Barnes, a dairyman of 
Westmoreland, Oneida Co., N. Y., secured an injunc¬ 
tion against the Iiorden’s Farm Products Company 
restraining them from refusing to accept his milk, 
or to discriminate against him in the price of it. 
The injunction was issued by Supreme Court Justice 
Martin of the State Court. Under this action the 
Borden’s Company is obliged to receive Mr. Barnes' 
milk and pay for it at. the price paid other patrons 
until a hearing is held. If the injunction is made 
permanent after the hearing, the company would be 
obliged to receive the milk permanently, if it. is 
vacated, the final issue would have to he tried out 
in a trial court. An injunction is issued on the 
theory that the offended party would suffer loss and 
damage pending trial that could not be repaired by 
a later court judgment 
The other restraining order was issued in the 
United States Court by District Judge Frank 
Cooper on application of Henry A. Palmer and 
Belaud W. Livermore, two dairymen of Bridgewater, 
Oneida Co., N. Y. This order was issued against 
the Dairymen's League Co-operative Association, 
Inc., and the Consumers’ Dairy Company of Union 
Hill, N. J. The effect of the order is practically the 
same as in the State Court The action is brought 
under the Sherman law and the Clayton act The 
attorney in both cases is Willard R. Pratt of Utica, 
the secretary of the Non-poolers’ Association. The 
Federal case was set for hearing on Tuesday, 
April 11. 
The defendants were not prepared to go on with 
the hearing, and the judge continued the temporary 
injunction until April 21, when he will hear the 
arguments for and against a permanent order. In 
any event, the right to sell milk collectively is not 
involved. Co-operation is not at issue. 
The complaint is that the association and a dealer 
made an agreement between themselves by reason 
of which the dealer buys milk from some dairymen 
at his creamery at Bridgewater. New York, and 
refuses by reason of the agreement to buy milk of 
the same quality from the plaintiff in the case; that 
there is no other outlet for milk in the plaee; and 
that the plaintiff will be irreparably injured if he 
is denied a market for bis product. First, it must 
he shown that the complaint is true; and then the 
judge must decide whether or not. the contract be¬ 
tween the association and the dealer, if it exists, 
impairs the rights of the plaintiff, and if the con¬ 
ditions are in violation of law. It would affect the 
April contract, but not. the pooling of milk as such, 
collective bargaining or co-operative principles. 
The city board of health reports that the normal 
supply of milk is coming to the city. The present 
supply is about 2,250,000 quarts daily. This will 
increase with the warm weather, but is substantially 
the same as last year. Roughly, about 1,000,000 
quarts are sold in bottles, and the remainder in bulk. 
The bottled dealers are Borden's. Sheffield Farms, 
Empire Dairy, Clover Farms and Evans Dairy Com¬ 
pany. The other bottle distribution is not impor¬ 
tant. It is difficult to get estimates that agree as to 
the relative supply hv the association and the inde¬ 
pendents. It varies from 50-50 to 30-70, each side 
in the latter case claiming the larger amount. All 
agree that the supply of both sides is sufficient for 
requirements, and both are requesting inspections 
for further shipments from new sources. If the 
competition would develop new or enlarged outlets 
for consumption, some actual benefit might accrue 
from the disturbance. 
The new Federal law recently passed by Congress 
authorizes organizations of fanners jointly to 
process and market farm products, and to have 
marketing agencies in common for the sale of them. 
It expressly says that it does not authorize the 
erection of a monopoly or the attempt to create a 
monopoly. It also provides: 
‘•That the association shall not deal in products 
of non-members to an amount greater in value than 
such as are handled by it for members.” 
The Dairymen’s League Co-operative Association. 
Inc., having only 24 members, the great bulk of 
milk handled by it is for non-members under a con¬ 
tract, and consequently the association cannot benefit 
in this action from the new law. To come under 
the benefits of the new law, the organization 
machinery of the association will need to he changed. 
This is being considered. Since a change has to he 
made, the opportunity seems favorable for an adjust¬ 
ment of the present differences. The ability of 
dairymen to conduct an organization for mutual 
benefit is on trial. Since the problem of changes in 
the organization must be met. this would be a good 
time for a full, frank and open discussion of the 
whole problem. Conflicting views brought into plain 
view in the forum of public discussion will reveal 
the truth and should result in the adoption of a 
policy that will settle the present dispute, and form 
a stable basis for all future policies and success. 
How Delaware Farmers Co-operated 
This is the way co-operation helped the farmers 
around Dover. Del., in 1921. In the Spring of 1921 
the best contract price that the canners would offer 
the farmers to grow tomatoes for them was 20c for 
%-bu. basket, or $12 per ton. Finally the farmers got 
together and organized a Farmers’ Tomato Growers’ 
Association. They rented a fully equipped canning fac¬ 
tory and decided to pack their own tomato crop. They 
financed their organization by each member giving his 
bond for $30 per acre for each acre of tomatoes that he 
was to grow. They took these bonds to a local bank 
and borrowed on them $25,000. This money was used 
to put un the pack, and after the pack was over each 
member bad the privilege of drawing some money on 
necount, in proportion to the quantity of tomatoes he 
had delivered. 
They packed 23,000 eases of fine quality of tomatoes 
in No. 2 cans. In January and February they sold 
and shipped out their entire lot of canned tomatoes. 
After paying off the bonds, rent and all other expenses, 
the farmers received 52c per %-bu. basket, or $30 per 
ton, for their crop of tomatoes. They have leased the 
canning factory again for this year, will increase the 
number of acres, and hope to pack 100.000 or more 
cases this season. E. i. Abbott. 
Delaware. 
R. N.-Y.—But do not put on too much speed at first. 
Better grow into it conservatively. 
How Federal Land Mortgages are Re¬ 
duced 
The effect of amortizing a farm mortgage of 
$3,000 on payment of 6 per cent of the face per an¬ 
num. 5 per cent for interest and 1 per cent to apply 
on the mortgage, payments semi-annually, is shown 
in detail in the following scale. The mortgage is 
supposed to l»e dated January 1. Federal Land Bank 
Joans are amortized on this principle. It is a strik¬ 
ing illustration of the earning power of money. 
Many farmers have paid interest regularly for .33 
years and yet owed the face of the mortgage. Un¬ 
der this amortized system the mortgage is dis¬ 
charged in 33 years. 
1 st Y or 
ir- 
—6 int. $3,000. 
ISth Year—6<& int. $3,000. 
July 
1. 
.$90.00 
$2,985.00 
July 
1. 
.$90.00 
$2,094.74 
Jan. 
1. 
,. 90.00 
2.969.55 
Jan. 
1. 
. 90.00 
2.052.59 
2d Year 
— 
19th Y’ear 
— 
July 
1. 
.$90.00 
$2,953.65 
J uly 
1. 
.$90.00 
82.00ft.18 
Jan. 
1. 
. 90.00 
2.937.27 
Jan. 
1. 
. 90.00 
1.964.42 
3d Year 
.— 
20th Year 
— 
.1 uly 
1. 
.$90.00 
$2,920.41 
July 
1. 
.$90.00 
$1,018.37 
Jan. 
1. 
. 90.00 
2.903.04 
Jan. 
1. 
. 90.00 
1,870.94 
4th Year— 
21st Year- 
— 
July 
1. 
.$90.00 
$2,885.65 
July 
1. 
.$90.00 
$1,822.07 
Jan. 
1. 
. 90.00 
2.867.23 
Jan. 
1. 
. 90.00 
1.771.76 
5th Yea 
r- 
- 
22d Ye; 
:ir- 
— 
July 
1. 
. $90.00 
$2,848.27 
July 
1. 
. $90.00 
$1,719.92 
Jan. 
3. 
. 90.00 
2.828.80 
Jan. 
1. 
. 90,00 
1.665.50 
6th Yea 
r— 
- 
23d Year- 
— 
Jnly 
1. 
.$90.00 
$2,808.67 
.Tilly 
1. 
. $90.00 
$1,611.51 
Jan. 
1. 
. 90.00 
2.7S7.S4 
.Tan. 
1. 
. 90.00 
1.554.87 
7th Yea 
r— 
- 
24th Yt 
?a r 
— 
July 
1. 
.$90 00 
$2,766.28 
July 
1. 
.890.00 
$1,495.52 
Jan. 
1. 
. 90.00 
2,744.29 
•Tan. 
I, 
. 90.00 
1.436.43 
Sth Year- 
— 
25th Year— 
July 
1. 
.$90.00 
$2,721.94 
July 
1.. 
890.00 
$1,374.54 
Jan. 
1. 
. 90.00 
2.698.60 
•Tau. 
1. 
. 90.00 
1,310.79 
9th Year— 
— 
26th Yt 
>nr— 
July 
1. 
.$90.00 
$2,674.57 
July 
1. 
.$90.00 
$12245.12 
Jan. 
1. 
. 90.00 
2.648.82 
Jan. 
1. 
. 90.00 
1.177.50 
10th Ye 
a r 
— 
27 th Y< 
uir— 
July 
1. 
.$90.00 
$2,623.29 
July 
1. 
. $90.00 
$1,107.84 
Jan. 
1. 
. 90.00 
2,597.01 
Jan. 
1. 
. 90.00 
1.036.08 
11th Yea r 
— 
28th Year- 
— 
J uly 
1. 
. $90.00 
$2,569.92 
July 
1. 
. $90.00 
$962.19 
Jan. 
1. 
. 90.00 
2,542.02 
Jan. 
1. 
. 90.00 
886.0S 
12th Ye 
nr 
— 
29th Y( 
■;ir 
—. 
July 
1. 
.$90.00 
$2,513.28 
July 
1. 
.$90.00 
$807.69 
Jan. 
1. 
. 90.00 
2.483.70 
Jan. 
1. 
. 90.00 
726.93 
13th Ye 
ar- 
_ 
30th Yt 
‘ar 
— 
July 
1. 
. $90.00 
$2,453.34 
July 
1. 
.$90.00 
$643.74 
Jan. 
1. 
. 90.00 
2.422.96 
Jan. 
1. 
. 90.00 
558.06 
14th Year 
— 
31st Ye 
a r- 
— 
J uly 
1. 
.$90.00 
$2,390.65 
July 
1.. 
$90.00 
$469.83 
Jan. 
1. 
. 90.00 
2.357.38 
.Tan, 
1. 
. 90.00 
378.93 
15th Ye 
ar 
— 
32d Ye: 
ir- 
— 
July 
1. 
.$00.00 
$2,321 12 
.Tulv 
1. 
.$90.00 
285.30 
Jan. 
1. 
. 90.00 
2,286.78 
Jan. 
1. 
. 90.00 
188.88 
16th Ye 
ar- 
— 
33d Ye; 
ir- 
— 
July 
1. 
.$90.00 
$2,250.39 
July 
1. 
.$90.00 
$S9.55 
Jan. 
1. 
. 90.00 
2 212 9° 
Jan. 
1. 
. 90.00 
17 th Ye 
ar 
— 
$12. 
75 overpaid. 
July 
1. 
.$90.00 
$2,174.31 
Jan. 
1. 
. 90.00 
2.135.66 
It w 
ill 
be noticed that ; 
ii regal; 
ir 
deduction of $15 
every six months is allowed, and the additional plus of 
45 cents increases after each payment by 6 per cent of 
that deduction. 
The explanation to these figures is to be found in the 
fact that the full amount of 0 per cent is paid on the 
$3.0410 for the full term of 33 years, regardless of any 
deduction. If it should be advisable to pay up the 
mortgage before the 33 years are out, it may be done in 
accordance to this scale, which shows plainly how much 
is due at the end of each year. w. F, ABELIXG. 
Connecticut. 
A Review of Some Legislation at Albany 
The New York State Legislature adjourned on March 
17, after having completed the shortest session that has 
been held daring the past 134 years. This Legislature 
may he praised for having turned out a considerable 
quantity of constructive legislation, and it may be 
criticized for not allowing sufficient time to consider 
more carefully some of the important measures which 
came before it. 
The recodificntioti of the Farms and Markets law was 
satisfactorily accomplished, and many appendages of a 
eontroversal nature were added. First in importance 
among these was the so-called filled-inilk bill, which 
provides (li that condensed or evaporated skim-milk 
cannot be -old in containers possessing a net weight of 
less than 10 lbs., the purpose here being to remove any 
possibility of the skimmed product being sold as con¬ 
densed or evapornted whole milk ; and (2 ) that ‘‘No per¬ 
son shall manufacture, sell or exchange, offer or expose 
for sale or exchange, or have in his possession with the in¬ 
tent to sell or exchange, any condensed, evaporated, 
concentrated, powdered, dried or dftssirated milk, cream 
or skim-milk to which there has been added, or with 
which there has been mixed, blended or compounded, 
any fats or oils, other than the milk fat. so that the 
finished product shall be in imitation or semblance of 
condensed, evaporated, concentrated, powdered, dried or 
dessicated milk.” The result of this legislation will be 
that the cocoanut oil people cannot manufacture, possess 
or sell any of their adulterated milk products which are 
iu imitation or semblance of the corresponding pure milk 
products. However, they are not restrained from plac¬ 
ing their goods on the market provided they can disguise 
them so that they are not iu imitation or semblance of 
milk. It seems that it would be unconstitutional to 
prohibit these adulterators from selling their products 
for what they actually are. 
Another very important amendment to the Farms 
and Markets law will place a minimum standard of 8 
per cent milk fat and IS per cent milk fat and milk 
solids not far combined for the manufacture of plain 
ice cream. Slight reductions in these percentages are 
allowed where eggs, fruit, etc., are added. This law 
will serve as an important factor in the absorption of 
the great surplus of milk which occurs during many 
months of the year. It will no lunger be possible for a 
big plant in any locality to absorb skim-milk by the 
truck load in the manufacture of bogus ice cream. This 
concern will have to use real milk and add to it real 
cream in order to make their product test 8 per cent 
milk fat. 
Other additions to the Farms and Markets law in¬ 
clude placing additional regulations on the sale of oleo¬ 
margarine which will more clearly differentiate this sub¬ 
stance from _ butter; causing all milk from tubercular 
animals, which may be saved for breeding purposes, to 
be pasteurized as the Commissioner of Farms and Mar¬ 
kets may direct before beiDg sold for any purpose: com¬ 
pelling the operators of all butter, cheese or other milk 
plants to uniformly heat to a temperature of 150° F. 
for a period of 20 minutes all skimmed milk. whey, but¬ 
termilk or separator slop before returning or delivering 
it for consumption ; reinforcing thp provisions against 
the use of false weights and measures and pnaeting ad¬ 
ditional regulations for the control of seeds, feeds and 
fertilizers. 
The subjects dealt with under the head of the conser¬ 
vation department of our State government are of par¬ 
ticular interest ro agricultural people, because they deal 
primarily with the native resources we find in our for¬ 
ests. fields and streams. Considerable progress is being 
made by the forestry branch of this commission. The 
call for forest trees is double wbat it was last year. 
Many of our legislators are anxious ro supply better 
taxation arrangements for lands that will be given over 
to forest projects. Many of these proposed laws are 
full of red tape and otherwise impracticable. A care¬ 
ful study of this taxation matter by country people on 
whose lands these developments are to take place should 
reach a remedy which would displace the present uncer¬ 
tainty. 
A different story must be told concerning the status 
of our wild life—the natural inhabitants of our forests, 
fields and streams. So far as air S:ute Legislature is 
concerned, this session has passed without any progress 
being made toward bringing back the “old-time plenti- 
tude of game.” It has been comparatively easy for this 
present Legislature to abolish the license button, to 
increase the bag limit and open season by more than 50 
per cent for the killing of partridge and pheasant, to 
allow the killing of fox squirrels when there aren’t any 
to kill, and to shorten the season on rabbits, which 
farmers would like to see kept down, but when it comes 
to a plea for a combination hunting, fishing and trap¬ 
ping license, and have all of these funds used for the 
development of sane conservation principles, or when 
representations are made for the shortening of the sea¬ 
son of certain species which are fast approaching ex¬ 
tinction in New York State, we are told that there is 
nothing doing. From the results which are obtained it 
i< evident that sportsmen and ammunition people run 
things just about their own way. One of the most 
ta!ked-of candidates for Conservation Commissioner be¬ 
fore the recent, appointment is a familiar face about the 
conservation chambers, and is purported to be a $10,000 
a year man representing these interests. 
The bill drafted by Henry M. Brigham, which pro¬ 
vides that any person with or accompanied by a gun. 
having in his possession any domestic fowl, fruit or 
other farm produce, that such possession should be con¬ 
sidered presumptive proof of the illegal taking thereof, 
was lost, as was also the bill introduced by Assembly- 
man Webh. which provided for the revoking of motor 
licenses when automobiles are used for the transporting 
of stolen farm produce. 
The. prohibition hills, which purported to allow cities, 
villages and townships to pass ordinances and generally 
to take a more active part in prohibition enforcement. 
Could have passed the Senate, bur they were blocked in 
the Assembly. It is reported that Speaker H. Edmund 
Maehold said they should not t •!<<. During the closing 
days of the session they were brought before the rules 
committee, of which Air. Maehold is chairman, and they 
were not advanced. These bills are scheduled to he re¬ 
introduced next year, when the political situation will 
be less tense due to the gubernatorial election having 
passed, and it is guaranteed that at the next considera¬ 
tion of these bills there will be a plainer showing of 
hands. 
Other legislative accomplishments which are of great 
interest to all people of the State include preparations 
for au enormous development of facilities for the port 
of New York so that shipments can be handled most 
expeditiously and economically, and provisions for the 
licensing of water power sites for development by pri¬ 
vate capital. 
In general, it should be said that the legislative situa¬ 
tion is improving. The time is coming when the whole 
State will be more truly the stage upon which the Legis¬ 
lature will act. The official decrees will be signed at 
Albany, hut this great commonwealth will be full of 
communities actively generating the power we call pub¬ 
lic opinion, which will more certainly determine what 
shall be done. We are to pass through great strides of 
political development, and the manner of the function¬ 
ing of our government will be determined, more and 
more, by those who are aggressive in principle and 
kindly in spirit. D. 
