enough to keep their families. With regular work manufa 
and necessary chores tlie farmer works double that them, a 
many, his wife puts in time about chicken-houses, agricult 
dairy and garden, and every child able to walk helps of advi 
some. It is safe to state that a farmer's family them b; 
works three hours for its support for every one that fool fa 
the wage-earner's family works. could oi 
An efficient and thrifty wage-earner lays away Take 
some savings, is granted a salary and better posi- for the 
tiou, and at. middle life can retire on his invest- has bee 
meats. The indfistrious farmer can also, but if he repeate 
does, away goes his investment, in fertility and im- dope ai 
provements. The first forgets his work when the the prc 
whistle blows in the middle of the afternoon, but frosts, 
the farmer at the end of his long day must read or have df 
study along the line of his work, then go to bed with of corn 
it on his mind, and perhaps get out in the night to the bin 
ward off loss. water ; 
The other follows one simple line, and does not Illinois 
T REES AND BUDS.—That the sour cherry tree 
is more hardy than the sweet cherry tree is 
proved by the fact that, sour cherries can he grown 
•much farther north than sweet cherries. And yet 
though the sour cherry tree appears hardier than 
the sweet cherry tree, there are indications that the 
fruit, buds of the sweet cherry are hardier than 
those of the sour cherry. The Spring freeze of a 
year ago injured the sour cherries more than it did 
the sweet cherries. The blossoms of the sweet 
cherry were all but opening; the sour cherry blos¬ 
soms had not yet shown the tips of the petals, and 
yet the sour cherries were injured the more. The 
explanation given for this strange state of affairs 
was that the sweet cherry blossoms had reached a 
stage of advancement just before opening, in which 
an air space was enclosed within the 
blossom and surrounding the vital 
parts of the flower. Air being a good 
insulator, lessened the injury from the 
cold. The sour cherry blossoms were, 
on the other hand, folded more tightly 
together and afforded no layer of dead 
air about the vital flower parts. 
EXPERIENCE THIS SEASON. - 
Reports thus far from the recent 
freeze of this Spring indicate that his¬ 
tory has repeated itself and that the 
sweet cherries have again suffered loss 
damage than the sour cherries. But 
this year no such explanation can he 
given as was given last year, because 
the buds were not as far adanced as 
they were a year ago. The most ad¬ 
vanced fruit buds of the sweet cherry 
this year were only in the cat-paw 
stage, while the majority were hut just 
cracking or breaking. The sour cherry 
fruit buds were still tightly folded, 
with no signs of breaking. Fig. 289 
illustrates the difference in develop¬ 
ment. A and E are sweet cherry buds: 
B. C and D are sour cherry buds. On 
the night of April 20 the thermometer 
on the grounds of the New York Agri¬ 
cultural Experiment Station at fieneva 
registered 25 degrees Fahrenheit, with 
a strong wind blowing. Tee was frozen 
a quarter of an inch thick, and a crust 
was formed on the ground. The fol¬ 
lowing night the mercury dropped one 
degree lower. The morning following 
the freeze a cursory examination of 
lmds revealed the fact that the sour 
cherries had been harder hit than the 
sweet cherries. Moreover, considerable 
variation was evidenced in the injury 
between the different varieties of both 
sweet and sour cherries. The trees 
examined, some 50 or (10 varieties, were 
situated close together on the same 
plot of ground. Between 25 and 100 
lmds were picked at random from each 
l roe, and tin* number of injured and 
uninjured determined, with the results 
shown in the following table: 
10 to 12-ft. wide cribs. Fully 25 per 
cent of all crops grown are lost because 
farmers are so greedy that they put 
in double the acres they can care for. 
At over To, I can put more crop in 
with two horses than any two men can 
save. 
Do you know any other class that 
operates that way? The plan of others 
is to make a little less than the de¬ 
mand and have the price set before 
they begin. The cost of everything 
has been counted, even an ‘■overhead.’’ 
Ever know a farmer that could find 
his overhead? Now farmers make the 
stuff that others must have, while all 
that they make the farmers can deny 
themselves, if they want to. Their 
foolishness makes possible the 40-hour 
week and 85 or .$(> for eight hours, 
while the farmers and families are 
working like galley slaves for all ex¬ 
cept themselves. If they would work 
but 40 the others would be working SO, 
and unless they change, organized 
wage-earners will be getting more 
money for working some forenoons. 
Some of us have been talking of 
these things, and let others do as they 
may. we have concluded that most of 
our land will stay in grass or meadow, 
and what we cannot utilize can fall 
down for Winter pasture and soil im¬ 
provement. Personally, with 200 acres, 
there will be no wheat, and but 12 
acres of corn and 10 of oats this year, 
and we will push mutton and wool, 
whose market, which we are making, 
cannot be broken for a long time. The 
Supreme Court has declared "Merino." 
“Australian Wool.'-’ “laimb's Wool” 
and "Natural Wool” when cotton is 
used "literally false," and that French- 
Capper bill will be made a law, sure, 
regardless of all opposition and hold¬ 
ups. Success iu wool-growing will only 
be hampered by owners who shun the 
but the advance in spite of all handicaps is 
ig. w. w. Reynolds. 
Piles of Propeelu Btaekcd Lumber Waiting for Market. Fig. 288 
sweet CHERRIES Frost Damage on Cherry Bads — 1 and E Uninjured; B. C and D Kilted 
Black Tartarian, 3.8; California Ad- 92 Per Cent. Fig. 2S9 
vnnee. 0.0; (Vuteuuial. 0.0; Coe. 0.0; 
Dikoman, 15.7: Downer. 05.0; Eagle, 
‘1.8: Elkhoru. 5.5: Florence, 0.0; Ida. 0.0: Knight. 
33.3; Rambert. 0.0; Lyons. 0.0, Mercer. O.O; Mezel. 
50.0; Republican. 8.1 : Schmidt, 0.0: Windsor, 0.0; 
Yellow Spanish. 19.0. 
SOUR CHERRIES 
Ahbesse d’( tignies, S3.0 ; Chase, 0.0; Dyehoiise. 32.7 : 
Early Morello. 93.5; Early Richmond. 50.0; English 
Morello. 02.1 ; (leorge Class, 28.0; Large Montmorency, 
8.5; Mngniflque. 12.9; olivet, 0.9; Keine llortense. 
0,0: Short Stem Montmorency, 00.7; Soda, 50.0; 
Tiinme. 92,0: Vladimir. 80.0. 
Ilad the injury been due to a frost, with its char¬ 
acteristic Hit and miss damage, the indication of 
relative hardiness would not have been so reliable, 
but being due as it was to a steady, uniform freeze, 
in which all parts of the trees were affected about 
alike, it would seem that it fair degree of reliability 
could be attached to the indication. r. w.-h. t. 
Newspaper Used as a 
What, in your opinion, would he the effect of laying a 
paper of the texture of news print, hut stronger, be¬ 
tween the rows of a strawberry bed? The paper to 
cover the ground except for 3 in. next to the plants. If 
it lias been tried and found unsatisfactory, what were 
the objections? o. B. H. 
MiddleborO, Mass. 
W E have tried this in a small way. not only 
with strawberries, but with paper around 
ptaclv trees, ordinary newspaper is not heavy and 
strong enough. After several hard rains such light 
paper tears or blows away. The action of such 
paper, when used right, is much the same as a 
"mulch" or covering of straw, manure or sawdust. 
It keeps down the growth of weeds, shades the 
ground, and prevents evaporation. The result is 
cooler and mobster soil, and usually an abundance 
of angleworms. Nearly every farmer has noticed 
how crops grow after a board or a door has lain 
upon the ground for a few weeks or months. When 
the paper is loose on the ground, or is blown up by 
the wind, the air works under and destroys the 
Mulch 
The Forty-Hour Week 
ENRY FORD and other manufac 
