816 
The RURAL NEW-YORKER 
Juno 24, 1923 
How to Save the Manure 
An ex-Secretary of Agriculture startled the country with the statement that 
"we annually lose ONE BILLION DOLLARS by .improper handling <x£ 
manure.” 
This enormous waste could practically all be saved by following the principles 
laid down by certain famous students of this subject. The priceless ideas of 
these men are fully outlined and illustrated in the 
BILLION DOLLAR BOOK 
“ MONEY IN MANURE ” 
48 Pages of wonderful information illustrated with many photographs. Get 
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I kk Bellevue, Ohio 
This spreader 
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evenly. 
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USED FROM OCEAN TO OCEAN FOR 35 YEARS. 
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Strawberries 
That are Good 
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By 
ELMER O. F1PPIN 
Edited by 
L. H. BAILEY 
RURAL 
. NEW . 
YORK 
Strawberry Plants 
nr*H]S book is 
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The Oncoming Host 
Last March a writer in one of our best 
magazines made a statement and a proph¬ 
ecy, conditionally. lie said that the in¬ 
sects are advancing upon mankind in a 
mighty horde. Every year they are grow¬ 
ing a little stronger, a little less easily 
conquered. A few men see them coming, 
hence our new inventions in methods of 
using poisonous materials, but the major¬ 
ity of men are not of all alarmed. Our 
best gunmen, the birds, are being shot 
down, tracked down, and murdered in cold 
blood within our own lines. If mankind 
ignored the oncoming hordes of them 
much longer, said this prophet, the day 
would surely come when man would he 
extinct, like the mammoth, the plesio¬ 
saurus. And in place of man and his 
cow, there would follow the ant with his 
aphid. Because, with the present trend 
of growth, this result is inevitable. Time 
is all that is needed to bring it about, un¬ 
less we understand before it is too late. 
Ridiculous? Perhaps. But there are 
people loft today Who can remember the 
first potato beetle in New York State. 
They came on from Colorado, and I am 
told that the first specimen was held to 
be quite a curiosity. The man who found 
the first beetle shut him up in a bottle, 
and the neighbors from all around came 
to see him—on account of his reputation, 
of course. That was about the first insect 
problem that New York potato growers 
had to deal with. And until they armed 
themselves with Paris green there was 
havoc indeed. In those days Paris green 
was not spoken of onrelessly. When a 
man visited his field and found his plants 
stripped, like a ship’s masts without sails, 
he spoke of Paris green as the first set¬ 
tlers did of their rifles. In a way he was 
a pioneer. 
Vet the Colorado beetles were not very 
hard to kill, after all. It was simply a 
case of spreading the poison over the 
leaves in the form of dust or spray. The 
slugs ate it eagerly, and were no more. 
And with the slugs were destroyed the 
next year's parent beetles. If was very 
simple : too simple, apparently. The next 
hardshell beetle was far more cunning, 
lie was so minute that only a very ob¬ 
servant grower noticed him, shiny blaek- 
backed, almost microscopic. Ordinary 
particles of poison were too large for him. 
The atoms were not his size. Ilis appe¬ 
tite was so delicate that when a poison¬ 
ous spray was applied to the foliage he 
went under the leaves and ate up as far 
as the top tissue, and stopped. Many 
growers thought the peculiar freckled ap¬ 
pearance of the leaves was the symptom 
of a new disease. But the vine did not 
sicken and die. It was only .when they 
dug the potato crop that they saw the re¬ 
sult. For the potatoes were full of holes 
that would hold the tip of the linger. 
Some had grown valiantly to hide this 
wound, yet only succeeded in acquiring a 
scabby and most undesirable appearance. 
There was really no reason for not think¬ 
ing that it was scab, and so most grow¬ 
ers changed to fresh ground and hoped for 
the best. But. apparently, results were 
even worse on the fresh ground. It was 
then that the flea beetle was admitted to 
history. Underground larva*, feeding on 
the tender growing baby tubers, safe, alas, 
from the insidious poisons of man, that is 
th<* problem we are now to solve. It is 
no longer true to state, as one professor 
did in a periodical this Summer, that "all 
rough depressions in the skin of a potato 
are due to scab." The error of such a 
statement only shows that the pest is still 
localized. 
So much for the inroads of the hard- 
shelled chewing beetles. It has been 
found that by bolting a dust containing 
calcium arsenate through a cloth that is 
woven 2(H) meshes to the inch it is pos¬ 
sible to obtain an atom small enough to 
deceive the most cunning of flea beetles. 
Yet so far we have succeeded only in a 
control; nothing very thorough, in spite 
of patience and persistent observation. 
Now there is also the soft-bodied aphid 
type, with a proboscis for piercing and 
sticking the life fluid of plants. Along in 
the dry part of the Summer, when mois¬ 
ture is at a premium, these aphids, leaf- 
hoppers. etc., live upon the juices of the 
plant until it gradually turns yellow, as 
if ripening, or in extreme cases wilts and 
shrivels. Their increase is restrained not 
only by birds, but by insects that feed 
upon them, called aphid caters. The 
ladybng is of this family. The reason 
why she never bothers the foliage of a 
plant is that she has an appetite only for 
the soft, sweet, sucking inserts, with their 
secretions of hnnevdew. Therefore, as 
the old superstition points out. never kill 
a ladybng. Unfortunately, the lady bug 
is not prolific enough for the needs of 
man. 
The control of aphids is an altogether 
different problem from that of the chew¬ 
ing insects. Tt is not a process of poison¬ 
ing. but of smothering. Just ns fowl are 
dusted for lice, so the plant is treated 
with nicotine contact dust. Everything 
that breathes through pores can he exter¬ 
minated by nicotine, even to grasshop¬ 
pers, It is rather amazing to see grass¬ 
hoppers dropped in mid-flight by a puff of 
nicotine contact dust. But it is expen¬ 
sive! However; the grower cannot stop 
to count expense when his crop itself is 
at slake. At least he does not. It is the 
farmers that are carrying on the great 
battle with the six-footed, and it is not. a 
very organized resistance. Often it hap¬ 
pens that the most earnest and conscien¬ 
tious of workers is deterred from success 
h.v his neighbor across (he fence, who be¬ 
lieves that, all things were put here for a 
purpose, and says he is against meddling 
with those bugs. 
Every year there are new sprayers and 
dusters broadcast over the country, be¬ 
muse every year the enemy pest is strong¬ 
er, tmirr far reaching. Who has not heard 
old-timers hark back wistfully to the 
days before the codling moth, the pear 
psylki, the redbug, the leaf-hoppers? And 
that is not naming one quarter of them! 
Now that they are here, they will stay 
until our weakly organization becomes as 
strong as theirs; until there are no or¬ 
chards and fields left for the safe hatch¬ 
ing of their brood. Tile natural restrain¬ 
ing influence in the old days was the field 
bird. We are only beginning to learn 
how expensive is the habit of keepin , 
cats. Mind. I am not saving that we will 
ever exterminate cats. They are so hope¬ 
lessly grown into our lives and homes. 
But as time goes on, we will find more 
and more how this luxury affects our 
pocket books. 
The season of spraying and dusting is 
here again. We are out with a brave ar¬ 
ray of machinery. Strange, to be told 
that we are working not only for our own 
pecuniary interests, blit to prevent the 
utter extinction of mankind. But it is a 
cloak that well fits the fanner. He feeds 
the world of men, he leads railroads into 
fair country. Never is a land safely ours 
until it has been conquered by farmers, 
lie is the most persistent fighter on rec¬ 
ord—he even fights the weather. And 
now comes this war against insects, this 
fight to the finish. I wonder who will win 
out? MRS. F. n. UNGER, 
Propagating Barberry 
What method is employed in rooting 
barberry? I would like to know when 
and how it can be done. B. n. A. 
North Chevy Chase, Md. 
The best way to increase the Japanese 
barberry is to wash the seed from the 
berries in the Fall and put them in a box 
of sand and bury it in the open ground 
during the Winter, and sowing them in 
thin rows in the Spring. The Japanese 
Berberis Thunbergii is the only one 
usually grown to any great extent. The 
liolly-leaved barberry, Berberis Aflnifolia, 
can also be grown from seed. I believe 
that the Japanese Berberis can he grown 
from ripe cuttings of the season’s growth 
made in the Fall and tied in bundles and 
buried rill Spring, and then set nearly 
full length in the soil. I root nearly all 
sorts of shrubbery and grapes in this way, 
but have never tried it with the barberry. 
W. F. MASSEY. 
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER, JUNE 24, 1952 
FARM TOPICS 
The Tractor and the Bees. 814 
Continuous Crops of Com. 815 
Agriculture in England. 815 
The Oncoming Host ..... 816 
Hope Farm Notes..... 820 
LIVE STOCK AND DAIRY 
Draft Horses in New York State.813, 814 
Dairymen’s League Meeting at Utica . 823 
Sheep Growers Continue to Co-operate. 823 
Preserving Butter for Home Use. 828 
Butter-making Notes . 828 
Fine Experience with a Milk D’et. 828 
Feeding Beef Cattle in New York. 828 
Shorthorn Sale . 828 
THE HENYARD 
TtouVo with Chicks. .. 830 
Egg-laving Contest . 832 
Ln mo He-; Wasting Disease. 832 
Feeding Young Chicks. 833 
HORTICULTURE 
Some Notes on Strawberry Culture. 815 
Notes from n Maryland Garden. °” 1 
Old-fashioned Rose; Herb Culture. 
WOMAN AND HOME 
The Best Part of Beekeeping... 817 
Wanted, a Woman to Work. 818 
Can Women Make Coffee!. 818 
The Twelve Greatest Women. 818 
Adopti-g a S-tiool Teacher.826. 828 
The Home Dressmaker. 827 
Pastoral Parson and His Country Folks. 830 
A Michigan Farm Woman on Help......... 830 
College Students and Hired Men. 830 
MISCELLANEOUS 
Woodman, Spare the Tree. 814 
"Labor Unrest.” anil Wnat It Moans...814, 815 
Property of Deserted Wife. 817 
Moral and Legal Rights to Property. 818 
The Wife’s Signature Needed. 818 
Hunting for the Wanderers. 818 
Child and Dog in New Jersey.. 818 
New Notes on Poison Ivy. 820 
A Will in Poetry .. 820 
Troub’e Between Country Neighbors. 821 
Hir d Mau a-d the Golden Rule. 821 
"Admonish Him as a Brother”.. 819 
Publisher's Desk ..... 834 
