The RURAL NEW-YORKER 
1129 
Manufacture and Sale of Cider 
[We have been over-run with letters from readers 
who desire to make eider, but who do not know where 
they stand under the present law. For their benefit we 
have obtained the following.] 
WI’FT cider may bo manufactured exclusively 
for use in the home, and the alcoholic content 
thereof need not necessarily he limited to less than 
one-half of one per per cent of alcohol, hy volume, 
but same must ho intoxicating in fact to he in viola¬ 
tion of the National Prohibition Act. Cider so man¬ 
ufactured cannot he offered for sale nor given away. 
2. A person may operate a cider press and press 
cider from the apples of his customers, but cider so 
pressed must be delivered immediately, or as soon 
as possible after the pressing process, to the owners, 
and should not remain on the premises'of the press¬ 
ing plant, because it is liable to ferment and become 
of a greater strength than one-half of one per cent 
o*' alcohol by volume. 
3. Sweet cider direct from the press may be sold 
to customers by the glass or any other open con¬ 
tainers. provided it is uot mixed or compounded with 
any other ingredient, and sold for consumption at 
the place of business, or in proximity to such place 
of business. 
4. Farmers and other persons, without obtaining 
permit, or giving bond, may take fresh apples, or 
other fresh fruit, to a commercial mill for the pur¬ 
pose of having the juice pressed therefrom, and such 
fresh juice of the fruit, containing more than one- 
half of one per cent of alcohol hy volume, must he 
removed for use in the home exclusively. 
5. Persons may manufacture sweet cider and sell 
same, provided it is marketed in sterile and closed 
containers, nr treated by the addition of benzoate 
of soda or other substance, which will prevent fer¬ 
mentation in such proportion as to insure the alco¬ 
holic content remaining below one-half of one per 
cent of alcohol by volume. For this privilege it is 
not necessary that the manufacturer obtain permit 
from the Federal Prohibition Commissioner. The 
responsibility for keeping the alcoholic content below 
such percentage rests upon the manufacturer, and 
in any case where cider is found upon the market 
containing alcohol in excess of the allowed per¬ 
centage the manufacturer will he presumed to have 
manufactured and sold an intoxicating liquor. 
(5. It is illegal to possess, except in the home, 
cider containing one-half of one per cent or more of 
alcohol by volume without a permit. If a person 
purchases cider for commercial use containing less 
than one-half of one per cent of alcohol hy volume 
such cider later develops a greater alcoholic content 
than permitted by law, and persons so possessed of 
such cider, in good faith, may apply for a permit to 
dispose of same to another permittee for use for 
conversion into vinegar. A certain sale tax must 
be paid by the manufacturer of sweet cider. Par¬ 
ticulars on this can he obtained from the Collector 
of Internal Revenue in the district where the manu¬ 
facturer is located. 
7. Persons may make eider, allow same to fer¬ 
ment (then it becomes hard cider, sometimes re¬ 
ferred to as vinegar stock), then manufacture vine¬ 
gar from same, provided they tile an application on 
Form 1404 and obtain a permit to do so. This appli¬ 
cation must he supported by a surety bond in the 
penal sum of $2,000 for one plant, and $1,000 for 
each additional plant. 
Persons manufacturing cider for vinegar purposes, 
as indicated in the above paragraph, may sell such 
hard eider to other manufacturers of vinegar who 
hold permits allowing them tc manufacture vinegar 
under the Prohibition Act. In such cases the pur¬ 
chaser will apply under his permit to this office for 
a permit to purchase said hard cider or vinegar 
stock. 
Applications for permits for the manufacture of 
cider for conversion into vinegar, or the manufac¬ 
ture of cider, hard, of vinegar stock, must be made 
to this office. All eider mills or manufacturers of 
cider or vinegar now holding permits from this de¬ 
partment which expire December 31. 1922. must 
make application to this office to renew their permit 
for the year 1923 prior to November 1. 1922. 
RAJ.PH A. DAY, 
New York. Federal Prohibition Director. 
A Cheaper Milk Distribution 
This seeuis to me like a good time to start an agita¬ 
tion for a cheaper system of milk distribution. (an 
you see your way clesir to help me in some way? I 
enclose copy of my address before the Oraiu*' * oiiuty 
Dairymen's League on August 31,1922. o. w, macks. 
N the address Mr. Mapes advocated strenuous 
measures to bring the so-called non-pooling dairy¬ 
men into the organization. 
“The only way I know of to do this successfully,” 
he said, "is to make the price to all dealers for all 
classes of Dairymen's League milk the same as the 
butter and cheese price in Class 4. the day the 
League opens up for business in the city, and keep it 
there until the non-poolers have their till of if. 
When they get their first or second milk check after 
9 
the League butter price goes into effect, and are told 
that the League has all Hip machinery in working 
order to get them at least as much as the August 
pool price, they will see a great light and flock 
towards it in swarms. 
"The second problem,” he said, “has just been 
sprung on us hy the report that our board of direc¬ 
tors has decider! to go into the business <>f distribut¬ 
ing milk in New York City, and are investing nearly 
a million dollars of our money in a concern, and 
propose to enter into competition with the old and 
established dealers under the present antiquated 
and unsatisfactory system. 1 believe that it cannot 
be successfully done in that way on a small scale 
any more than oil and water can he mixed, and am 
going to propose a plan which. I believe, can be 
successfully carried through. 
"As to this second and newer problem, a committee 
should he appointed at once to study ways and 
means for financing a plan to supersede the present 
system of distribution, after our ranks are again 
closed up. by dividing the residential districts of the 
city into suitable sized squares. Near the center of 
each of these squares one large grocery store should 
he designated to serve as a center from which to 
serve all the families surrounding it with Dairy¬ 
men’s League milk. The squares should ho small 
enough so that all consumers in the city can he easily 
served from the nearest store, on the cash-and-carry 
basis for those who want it that way. or hy a push¬ 
cart service for those who want bottled milk deliv¬ 
ered at their door, at enough higher price to pay 
for the extra cost of delivery.” 
The following resolutions were offered by Mr. 
Mapes: 
Resolved. That the board • f directors be requested 
to appoint a committee to Study ways and means to 
finance a new system of milk distribution as outlined 
by Mr, Mapes at our meeting «.f August 31. a eopv of 
which will accompany this resolution. 
Resolved. That Orange County recommends that the 
price of Dairymen’s League milk to all dealers for all 
classes of milk be made the same as the hatter and 
cheese price in Class 4. on the day that the League 
opens up for business in the city, and kept there until 
further notice. 
If it is not possible to do it on that day. then it 
should be done just as soon as the board of directors 
can he got together. 
The resolutions were passed with but one dissent¬ 
ing vote, and ordered sent to the executive com¬ 
mittee. 
Hay Marketing 
HE New York State Department of Foods and 
Markets has issued a good pamphlet on “Hay 
Marketing in New York City." Hay is the largest 
agricultural crop in Now York. In 1020 this crop 
was valued at $129,375,000. The State ranks first 
in value of the hay crop and produces 7 per cent of 
the country’s total. New York City was formerly 
:t great hay market, for in 1910 there were 12s.224 
horses here. In 1920 there were only 50.539 horses. 
There will he a slow increase in the future, but we 
cannot expect a much greater demand for hay. One- 
third of the New York crop goes into New England 
and another third to the South. Timothy is pre¬ 
ferred here, and there is but a limited demand for 
Alfalfa. The best sale for that is in the dairy dis¬ 
tricts. About 05 per cent of the hay used here comes 
from New York State, and about 25 per cent of that 
from Jefferson County. The heaviest producing 
county is Cayuga, with 4.477 cars, while the station 
shipping the most hay is Seneca Falls, with S29 
curs. Next comes Monroe with 791 cars. The 
pamphlet gives a thorough discussion of methods of 
handling and grading hay in this market. The en¬ 
tire system is antiquated and out of date, and has 
not been changed since the days when horses pro¬ 
vided all the motive power in New York. This 
pamphlet suggests changes which will improve the 
market 
Does the Farm Pay the Freight? 
The fanner who feels that he received less for his 
product than it is worth is quite firmly convinced that 
he paid the freight. The merchant, who paid more for 
the product that he expected to pay, feels that he paid 
the freight 
Mr. Adams grows 100 bushels potatoes more than he 
needs for his own use and decides that rather than feed 
the potatoes to the cows he will *ell them. His only 
market is a city some 40 miles distant. lie has it in 
mind that tiis potatoes are worth $1.50 per bushel at 
liis station, but he would accept less. The merchant in 
the city with whom he usually deals claims that po¬ 
tatoes are worth only $1 per bushel delivered, but since 
this particular farmer usually produces good stock he 
is willing to pay a little more. These two men finally 
agree upon a price of £1.25. delivered at the city. Roth 
of these men are entirely satisfied with the deal, and be¬ 
cause of tile price received and paid, each to the other, 
both are convinced that the other fellow paid the freight. 
This condition applies to nearly all commodities and 
seems to resolve itself into a state of mind of the parties 
concerned. Is this reasoning economically wrong, or 
have we overlooked the gentleman in the woodpile? 
F. E. R. 
W E never knew a successful merchant who did 
not figure this item of freight carefully. In 
making an offer for goods lie figures what they cost 
him f. o, b., and then adds the cost of hauling, wheth¬ 
er it be freight, express or trucking. When a farmer 
ships to a commission man his returns will show 
that he pays the cost of transportation. It is taken 
out of the sales account. Or. let. him compare the 
average wholesale price in his home market with 
that in the big city, and he will find a difference 
attributed to transportation. It seems evident that 
the wholesale dealer has not paid this, since the 
added price will cover his outlay, and the difference 
is charged against the farmer. 
The Tales of a Traveler 
Tart II. 
A PLEASURABLE TRIP. — Such thoughts as¬ 
serted themselves, but we dismissed them to have a 
grand, restful, enjoyable time as we spun along our 
i,870-mile trip. Towns and cities are smothery, and 
we ignored them, pxcept to run through. Niagara is 
old. but always magnificent; Watkins Glen, the Cats¬ 
kills, Aslmkan Reservoir, John Burroughs' Den. West 
Point, a ferryboat full of machines, the repose of Sleepy 
Hollow and other places were new to some of us. Then 
there was Ling Island, the Palisades, a trip along the 
New Jersey coast, that mighty ocean. Valley Forge the 
ordnance and airplanes at Havre de Grace, Gettysburg, 
the National Pike and tip and around the sides of the 
mountains was a continual delight. Business puts a 
hard face on Americans, but the civility was cheering. 
There was a power of good people along our wav. 
BELIEF IN SIG\S.—In New York it was possible 
to know the names of many of the people, or the farm 
name. There was even a “Persian Cat Farm.” and 
"Rolen Crest" was jarred by the names of the small 
towns. Most of them are “Whistle." “Coca Cola” or 
"Hot Dogs," emphasizing that "God made the country.” 
It seems the dairymen might influence "Milk” or “But¬ 
termilk,” and they would get more of their products 
used if the butter pats were not so diminutive. I be¬ 
lieve in signs, ami tiny showed those Yankees are 
"jiners." “Member of Farm Bureau" and “Dairymen's 
League” were on many nice farms. Thirty years ago 
I was over much of that ground on trains and livery 
buggies, and I wanted the folks to see some nice pine 
stump fences, but there were but a few remains. 
THE HILL COUNTRY.—"It pays to advertise.” or 
there would nor be so much of it by the farmers. On 
an excellent barn of a fine farm was a striking notice. 
"Gud Hors Fer Sail,” which shows that a sheepskin is 
not always needed for successful farming. Some do not 
believe in mind reading. We filled up with gasoline 
about each 100 miles, and the price was the same that 
day at that distance. That figure must have come into 
the mind of each salesman when he waked, but none 
could tell me the master mind that influences it. Farm¬ 
ing “peters out" from necessity in the Catskills, but 
v, hat is done is well done. Hay made two tons to the 
acre, bur the endeavor is to grow some food and buy 
considerable for the swarm of city people in the coves. 
Many sore hacks went to (he cemeteries after building 
those stone fences. 
SHEEP AND GRASS.—It made me sorry that I am 
71 when at Caledonia. I want to go there and put a 
block of land in natural grass, fill it with Delaine ewes, 
build barns and have them tilled with that Alfalfa be¬ 
fore it is baled and shipped. No ground would be 
plowed, except to get wheat straw for bedding, and if 
the grain was not higher the sheep would get it. The 
land is rolling enough, the dirt has limestone to ward 
of) sore feet, the feed is abundant, and it is an Eden 
foi sheep. It has the greatest possibilities I have seen, 
and if there were any within 10 miles they were hid¬ 
den. It would be great to use the Alfalfa of several 
farms and put the manure on one. Sheep manure is 
several times as good as that soft. sour, silo kind. 
SMALL FLOCKS.—There were a few little flocks 
along the way, and a car of Western lambs near Otego, 
not half as good as could have been bred at home for 
half the money they cost this year. We had to push 
along, or I would have run up to Oooperstown from 
Oneonta and worshipped some there. In the museum 
at Newburg was a book about 200 years old. “System 
of Husbandry.” bv "C. Varlos. Esq." The open page 
said every farm should have "three cows and 20 sheep” 
at least. If the advice of that long-lost friend of 
humanity had been followed by New England and New 
York, sheep would have friends enough to protect them 
from dogs, demagogues and shoddy men; the farmers 
would have more money and not he furnishing milk and 
vegetables to enrich others. Twenty-five cents for a 
baked potato. 20 cents for a few thin slices of tomato 
and "servile." and the servitor with an “itching palni” 
in addition. 
AUTOMOBILE TRAVEL. When the railroads 
raised fares to four cents a mile they put their foot in 
it. A party can skip along a couple of hundred miles 
or more a day in their home and storehouse until they 
want a place to sleep. The air invigorates instead of 
depressing, like that rusty, smoky stuff of a Pullman, 
and the folks can pull in ro the curb and get anything 
they want to eat. The roads were full of them from 
“’Frisco," St. Petersburg. Fla., and everywhere. When 
a truck of booze upset east of Elmira and made a one¬ 
way track, a trooper said when each string should pass. 
On our LSTO-milc jaunt we had one puncture, at Wav- 
erly, and a pie truck humped ns and broke a 10-cent 
bolt in Hackensack. Our remaining expenses for each 
of the four was under one-third of a cent a mile, and 
the wear of the machine, and now after a grand old 
time we settle into our old ruts again. 
Ohio. W. W. REYNOLDS. 
There are men who think a penny dropped into the 
contribution box will make as much noise as a quarter. 
It does not fool the collector, however, if he happens 
to be a deaf man. 
