1205 
The League Prices For Milk 
T HE Dairymen's League Co-operative Association 
announces an approximate price of $1.87 per 
100 lbs. for 3 per cent milk for August. Deductions 
amounting to 26% cents per 100 were made, and net 
returns to producers were $1,605. 
The prices of milk announced for October will be 
as follows: 
Clasts 1. Milk sold in fluid form, $2.90 per 100 lbs. 
Class 2. Milk sold for use chiefly in the making 
of cream and ice cream. $2. 
Class 3-A. Milk sold for the manufacture of 
canned milk, 47 cents per 100 lbs. over the price to 
be determined for milk for butter in October. 
Class 3-B, Milk for the manufacture of fancy 
hard cheeses, 4<t cents per 100 lbs, over the price to 
be determined for milk for butter in October. 
Class 4. Milk for butter and cheese to be deter¬ 
mined in the usual manner by the average wholesale 
prices of these products in the New York City mar¬ 
ket during October. 
A Quart of Milk Per Child 
T HE following note is sent by a New England 
reader: 
This happened at the Chicago Live Stock Show. A 
doctor stood admiring a large, fat hog, when a small 
boy standing near piped up, "That's my father’s hog. 
He got the first prize.” 
"Wonderful,” said the doctor. “Certainly a very fine 
hog.” Then he looked at the boy. "How old are you, 
son?” he asked. 
"I’m 12 past,” said the boy. 
"Why,” said the doctor, “you are small for a nine- 
year old. What do you eat and drink?” 
"Just what the rest of the folks do—bread, meat, pie, 
potatoes, coffee, cake and tea.” 
"But,” queried the doctor, “don’t you drink milk?” 
"Naw.” said the boy in a tone of disgust, "we feed 
milk to the hogs."—Chicago Health Bulletin. 
We think that quite likely. A woman in Illinois 
on a 60-acre farm wrote us that she could not gc*t 
milk for her children. She lived on a hog farm and 
there was no room for a cow 1 Everyone knows that 
you can make a prize hog by feeding him fully on 
milk. Somehow it is not so generally known that you 
cannot possibly make a prize-winning boy or girl 
without an abundance of milk. Run through the list 
of children who have won prizes at baby shows and 
you will find them all milk fed. A great proportion 
of the undersized, puny children owe their deficiency 
to a lack of milk. Feed them freely on this life- 
giving fluid and they will rally at once. We have 
in our own family at this moment three children who 
prove this statement. They came to us undersized, 
puny and pale. They had received little or no milk. 
They now average nearly a quart a day, and they 
have made remarkable growth and have put on great 
wads and ripples of solid flesh with a bloom on it. 
One quart of milk every day. That is the birthright 
of every American child. 
Prof. Works Replies to Mr. Blankman 
I N his consideration of consolidation Mr. Blauk- 
man. page 1153. confuses my opinions and those 
of the committee, lie states: "The doctor is un¬ 
usually meek when he says that the rural people of 
the State should have an opportunity to discuss the 
subject. This utterance is quite in contrast with 
his earlier utterances." This is not the case. For 
years before I became a member of the committee 
I favored submission of every proposed consolida¬ 
tion to a vote of the people that would be affected 
by ir. My own opinions, however, are of small con¬ 
cern as contrasted with those of the committee. The 
committee's position on this question has not "been 
completely changed.” From the time the committee 
had the facts it favored repealing that portion of 
the consolidation law that gives district superin¬ 
tendents the power to unite districts. The only 
point on which it changed its position was with 
reference to giving the community board the power 
to consolidate schools. It considered this plan, hut 
found that while some favored it the majority felt 
it unwise to place so much power in the hands of 
the board. 
The problem of school support also involves the 
question of school administration. If teachers were 
to be paid entirely by the State it would follow as 
a matter of course that the central organization of 
the State would exercise an even larger measure of 
control over the schools than is now the case. The 
committee believes that the host result will be ob¬ 
tained when there is a combination of local and 
State responsibility for the administration of 
schools. It is true that the State has a responsibility 
to see that every child has an educational oppor¬ 
tunity up to such minimums as may be established 
by legislation. The realization of these standards 
Vhc RURAL NEW-YORKER 
can be secured best when the local communities 
exercise a large amount of initiative and carry the 
largest possible measure of responsibility designed 
to attain these ends. The committee believes in the 
largest possible amount of decentralization in the 
management of school affairs that is consistent with 
r 
safeguarding the rights of the child. Its financial 
proposals are worked out to accord with this view¬ 
point and not to secure a larger measure of cen¬ 
tralization, as would he the inevitable result of Mr. 
Blank-man's proposal that the State pay the entire 
salary of teachers. Under the proposed plan the 
State is made the unit of taxation to raise the fund 
for equalizing the school burden. 
The community plan is not untried, as its essential 
features are in operation in several States at the 
present time. It is undoubtedly true that there 
would he advantages in a small board of education 
for the community unit, but rural people generally 
were not ready to accept such a board. The recom¬ 
mendations of the committee make provision for 
small boards in communities desiring them. 
GEORGE A. WORKS. 
The End of the Shakers 
Most men of 60 whose boyhood was passed in New 
York or New England can remember the Shakers and 
their busy communities. These peculiar people accu¬ 
mulated considerable property and owned great tracts 
This picture is re-engraved from the United States 
Revieic. an insurance paper. It tells a story of co¬ 
operation in a few lines. 
of land. They were industrious, sober and inoffensive, 
living a community life that was full of interest. We 
have visited these communities and lived near them. 
They showed considerable business ability, and their 
life was free from scandal. Of all the socialistic com¬ 
munities which have started up in America, the 
Shakers have been the most successful and have lasted 
longest. It is hard for the average man to understand 
their former success. They practiced celibacy from the 
start, and all property was held in common. The life 
was quite free. It was not difficult for a Shaker to 
leave the society if he eared to do so. They all worked 
hard and lived simply, yet for years there was a steady 
growth in numbers, and dozens of new communities were 
started. The Shakers appear to believe that the holding 
in private property in land is wrong, and that in order 
to insure safety and happiness for all everything must 
be held in common. Some 75 years ago this belief was 
shared by many influential people, who proceeded to 
illustrate their theories by establishing various farms or 
colonies. These prospered for awhile, but time has 
wiped out all of them except the Shakers, and they are 
now at the end. There came a time when they could 
not gain new recruits. Young people would not join. 
With the development of modern industry the young 
men or women could see nothing attractive in com¬ 
munity life. They wanted homes and families of their 
own. and Shnkeristn could offer them nothing attract¬ 
ive. Thus the society has slowly dwindled until now 
there is only a handful of elderly people merely waiting 
for the end of life. The society has accumulated a vast 
property in land and securities. It is one of the largest 
in the country. It remains in the hands of this group 
of men and women, who have no use for wealth and 
little idea about spending it. It may be said that 
Shakorism has been a great success financially. It has 
shown that property held in common and well admin¬ 
istered will surely grow. Socially the experiment has 
failed, as practically all socialistic- enterprises have 
done, because such a community life cannot satisfy the 
inherent desire in the human heart for an individual 
home and independent ownership of land. When you 
destroy or prevent that you weaken the strong develop¬ 
ment of the individual, and offer no real substitute. 
New York State Notes 
That folks generally are following the advice of the 
Fuel Administration and are beginning to lay in wood 
is everywhere in evidence. Even the roadside signs 
that have just passed their active season are now mak¬ 
ing offerings of wood in cord and stove lengths. People 
are buying it, too. 
In traveling from Central through Northern New 
York one gets the full realization of the large amount 
of corn that is still harvested by hand. The larger 
part of this, however, is for husking purposes. The 
shocks are rapidly taking the place of the standing corn, 
and soon they will be used to shield the outdoor busker 
front the cola bias's from the north. 
"Essex County is posted,” is what you hear in the 
north country these days. This refers to the notice and 
proclamation which has just been issued by Commis¬ 
sioner I’yrke, Commissioner of Farms and Markets. In 
this proclamation he states that the disease of tubercu¬ 
losis has practically been eradicated from the county 
and that no bovine animals shall be shipped, driven on 
foot or brought into the county for dairy or breeding 
purposes, except when such animals are accompanied by 
a certificate of health issued by a duly licensed ami reg¬ 
istered veterinarian, showing that such cattle have 
passed a satisfactory tuberculin test within ‘JO days 
prior to the bringing in of cattle. However, cattle 
which are intended for feeding or grazing purposes, may 
be brought in after the issuance of a permit. All such 
cattle are branded with the letter "F.” Cattle which 
are brought for this purpose are not allowed to mingle 
with other cattle. Now the trouble begins, if unscrupu¬ 
lous men are not dealt with so that this proclamation is 
feared. Every entrance road into the county has been 
posted and the information is being spread so that every¬ 
one may have an opportunity to know of the situation. 
Ignorance of the law will be no excuse in this case. 
The information which the peach growers gave out 
on canning enough for two years has been fruitful. 
Many housewives have canned a larger amount than 
they have ever canned before. This is but an old 
preachment after all. to prepare during a fat year for a 
year that is lean. 
Here is a curve in the right direction. During the 
present season there has moved 7.732.663 bushels of 
grain over the barge canal from Buffalo to New York 
City, which is an increase of 1,545.836 bushels trans¬ 
ported during the season of 1921. 
Shipment of corn and other corn products likely to 
carry European corn borer has been forbidden from the 
towns of Batavia, Pembroke and Alabama, in Genesee 
County; Attica. Bennington, Middlebury, Urangeville, 
Perry, Sheridan and Warsaw in Wyoming County, and 
points in Erie and Orleans counties. The quarantine 
has been placed by the Federal Department of Agri¬ 
culture to prevent the spread of the borer. As far as 
is known there has been no infestation in Genesee 
County ; still the neighboring towns in other counties 
have caused the precautionary methods. 
Local county committees are planning throughout the 
State meetings for the purpose of having an open forum 
on the school situation as found by the Committee of 
Twenty-one. These meetings are for the purpose of 
telling the public what the committee has found out 
and to afford an opportunity to get the community re¬ 
action. This will be the place for cool, honest discus¬ 
sion, and not for biased argument caused by some petty 
disagreement which someone has had in the past. The 
school situation is too vital to the nation to be dealt 
with in any heated way. 
What will be the next move in the counties that have 
had tuberculosis clean-up campaigns is now being asked 
by men interested in the live stock of these counties. 
No one knows, but ir might be logical to conclude that 
now the amount of disease is reduced, let us reduce the 
number of boarders in the herds. If all the boarders 
were culled out of the State we would not have the 
acute milk situation at the present time, and farmers 
would be a lot richer by doing it. When the word scrub 
is used the fact that it refers to scrub purebreds should 
also be considered. A purebred cow may be a non-profit 
producing animal, the same as the sou of a rich man 
may be only an average citizen in the community when 
the question of real citizenship is discussed. It is in 
the performance and uot in the background alone. 
We read a great deal today about bull associations 
for communities. It is my observation that there are 
communities for them, and communities in which they 
would be a curse. To have a bull association there 
must Lie a strict code of rules to be followed that are 
not violated in a single instance. An association with¬ 
out health as the basic principle will not go far toward 
accomplishing good. If the health standard is followed, 
there are communities which will profit by having a sire 
that is better than any one of the individual members of 
the association might own. 
How seutiment has changed toward Alfalfa. Over 
the entire IStatp we find it growing. Joseph Wing 
would be happy if he could see it growing. There are 
few of the fundamentals that men who were inclined to 
experiment are following now as established practice. 
These arc. good seed from a known source, good drain¬ 
age and a sweet soil. All three of these are essential. 
The omission of any one of them may cause failure. 
Are farmers keeping too few pigs? This is the ques¬ 
tion that is being asked. Those of them who are ship¬ 
ping their milk reply that they cannot raise pigs with¬ 
out milk. Others say that this is not necessary; that 
by using a hopper and pasture they can get as good 
results as before. Some are buying powdered milk by 
the barrel, and maintain that they can make more 
money to sell their whole milk and buy the powdered 
skim-milk for their pigs, and so it goes There aie a 
few pig men lefr. at any rate. Those breeders around 
Albany who believe in the Dnroc-Jersey breed sold ap¬ 
proximately 50 at the sale at the Altamour Fair on 
September 21. 
Chenango County may well be proud of her record. 
Three years ago junior work among the rural children 
of the county was started. This year there is reported 
360 boys and girls as taking part in the exhibits of the 
fair. We may quibble over just how such work may 
be carried on. but this is certain; work with boys and 
girls is the best type •>!’ work that is going on in the 
country today. It not only shows the way for those 
boys who will remain on the farm, but points the way 
to those who are undecided just what they should do 
when they reach manhood. We have enough misfits in 
rhe world already. Club work may save a good doctor 
from being a poor farmer, and it may save to agriculture 
some boys who have had a narrow viewpoint heretofore. 
E. A. F. 
