The RURAL NEW-YORKER 
1287 
Candidates for the Senate on Farm Issues 
I N both New York and New Jersey this year 
I'nited States Senators are to be elected by popu¬ 
lar vote. Iu other days, when Senators were elected 
by the Legislatures, the individual voter could bring 
no dii'ect. influence to bear upon the election. Now, 
with popular voting, the case is different. We have 
sent the following letter to the candidates of the two 
leading parties in New York and New Jersey, and 
their answers follow: 
It may be assumed that you will staud with your 
party as a general proposition, but there are a few 
matters which are not political yet are of special inter¬ 
est to farmers. A few of these matters are : 
1. 1'rohibition: Do you favor stylet enforcement of 
the present law. or its modi flea f ion or repeal? 
2. Daylight Saving: Do you favor it or its exten¬ 
sion to a Slate or a national law? 
2. Legislation Against Dairy and Other Food Sub¬ 
stitutes: The leading business among Eastern farmers 
is dairying. It is now threatened by the increased pro¬ 
duction of dairy substitutes. How do you stand on the 
question of suppressing them? 
4. The Farm "Bloc” in Congress: Do you favor the 
principles and aims of this organization, or do you 
oppose them? 
o. Co-operative Marketing and Farm Credits: Do 
you favor strong and sound legislation designed to 
strengthen co-operative marketing plans and to make 
credits as available to farmers as they are to any other 
classes? 
0. Will you, if elected, introduce or support bills car¬ 
rying real teeth for the suppression of profiteering in 
food products, and the punishment of the profiteers? 
From Senator Wm. M. Calder, New York 
1. Prohibition.— L am iu favor of the strict en¬ 
forcement of the present law. 
2. Daylight Saving.—The state and Federal day¬ 
light saving laws have been repealed. I am not in 
favor of their re-enactment. 
Legislation Against Dairy and Other Food 
Substitutes.—I am opposed to any legislation that 
would encourage the manufacture of dairy .substi¬ 
tutes. Wlicu the emergency tariff bill was under 
consideration in the Senate, as a member of the 
finance committee, I was responsible for placing into 
the bill a provision giving adequate protection to all 
dairy products which had been overlooked when the 
bill passed the House of Representatives. 
4. The Farm “IilOc" in Congress.—i would rather 
have my record on matters covered by this question 
answered by men like Senator Capper of Kansas, or 
Senator MeNary of Oregon. Senator Capper has 
publicly commended my stand on agricultural mat¬ 
ters. 
o. Co-operative Marketing and Farm Credits.— I 
not only voted for the bill designed to strengthen co¬ 
operative marketing plans, hut made a speech in the 
Senate strongly urging its enactment. 
Concerning credit for farmers, I can answer this 
question in no better way than to refer to the 
inquiry concerning housing, fuel aud farm credits, 
which occurred iu the Fall of 11*20 by a sub-com¬ 
mittee of the Senate, of which I was chairman. This 
committee had as its financial advisor Mr. Eugene 
Meyer, who visited all parts of the country with me 
and. largely as a result of my committee's recom¬ 
mendations. Congress directed the President to re¬ 
vive the War Finance Corporation, which unques¬ 
tionably saved many farmers from ruin iu 1021. I 
am in favor of further legislation that may be nec¬ 
essary to secure to the farmer the same credit as 
every other business man has. 
WILLIAM M. CAI.PKR. 
From Dr. Royal S. Copeland, New York 
Oil the subject of prohibition 1 will make the same 
reply to you that I made to the League of Women 
Voters of New York City, which is as follows: 
In answering the question relative to the Volstead 
Act. I quote from the Democratic State platform: 
"Recognizing that the interpretation of the Eigh¬ 
teenth Amendment to the Federal Constitution as ex 
pressed in the Volstead Aet has resulted in widespread 
contempt and violation of law, in illegal traliic in 
liquors and in official corruption, we insist upon Con¬ 
gress enacting such modification of the Volstead Aet as 
shall legalize, subject to the approval of the people of 
the State of New York. the use of beer and light wines 
under sm-li careful restrictions as were imposed by the 
law passed in New York in 11*20." 
I am in accord with the Democratic platform: so 
long ns the Volstead Aet remains in effect it must be 
enforced. 
Daylight Saving.—My experience upon my own 
farm and the experience of multitudes of others 
have made it perfectly plain to me that the theory 
of universal daylight saving does not work out in 
practice so far as the country sections are concerned. 
It is a great health aid in the centers of population, 
and I have no doubt the cities will continue to make 
use of it. I am in favor of granting localities the 
privilege of putting daylight saving into effect. This 
will provide for the cities, without impairing the 
country districts, where the plan does not operate 
successfully. 
Dairy Substitutes.—I do not have to tell the New 
York dairy farmer where I stand on dairy substi¬ 
tutes. My record speaks for itself. There cau be no 
substitute for milk or milk products. The article 
sold is. or is not, milk. I purpose, if I live to be 
elected to be United States Senator, to use all the 
powers of that office to defeat every measure seeking 
to invade the field of the dairy farmer. Whether I 
am elected, or not, my face is set against dairy sub¬ 
stitutes. 
"The Farm Bloc."--I favor in principle the efforts 
of the farmers through elected officials of the govern¬ 
ment to do everything they can to aid the farming 
industry. I am not fully advised regarding the 
"farm bloc,” and am of the opinion at present that 
its full plans have not been formulated. However, 
my well-known interest in the farm industry would 
naturally incline me to friendliness toward auy 
group which is seeking to improve the conditions of 
the farmer by any proper legislative methods. 
Co-operative Marketing and Farm Credits.—I 
favor strong and sound legislation designed to 
strengthen co-operative marketing plans and to 
make credits as available to farmers as they are to 
other classes. 
Profiteering in Food Products.—If I am elected it 
will be my ambition to introduce and support bills 
carrying real teeth for the suppression of profiteer¬ 
ing in food products and the punishment of the 
profiteer. There is no justification in law or in 
morals for any class to profiteer in the necessities of 
life. 
In short, my training has given me the reasons 
why the public must be protected as regards the im¬ 
portance of pure food, making pure focal available to 
all the people, and making it available at reasonable 
prices to the people. Profiteering is inexcusable. 
The waste of farm products and the fruits of the 
orchard and field is a thing which should be stopped. 
There must be brought about some method of getting 
the products of the farm to the hungry people of the 
cities. In this way the farmer will prosper aiul the 
city people will have at reasonable figures the foods 
necessary to their health and long life. 
ROYAL S. COPELAND. 
From Senator Joseph S. Frelinghuysen, New Jersey 
1. I presumed that my position on prohibition 
was well known throughout the country. My polit¬ 
ical opponent is standing for a modification of the 
Volstead Act and is against prohibition. 1 voted for 
prohibition and am standing for law enforcement 
and the upholding of the Constitution against any 
modification or repeal of the Volstead Act. The 
issue is clearly drawn, and the State of New Jersey 
will vote a solemn referendum as to whether they 
believe iu law enforcement or whether they wish to 
repudiate the Constitution and nullify it. 
2. I voted for the daylight saving bill, believing 
it would help the large industrial population of our 
State. I am not in favor of the present uncertain 
plan of having daylight saving iu oue section and 
old time in another. Should it be presented to Con¬ 
gress again, 1 would vote against it. It was strictly 
a war measure, although l believe it has brought 
great happiness to our industrial classes by enabling 
them to enjoy the daylight hours in the Summer 
aiul benefit thereby. 
3. I am opposed to the use of anything that will 
adulterate pure food. Being a dairying man toy self. 
I opposed the tilling of milk with coeoanut oil, and 
anything that is contrary to the interests of the 
dairying interests or deleterious to health. 
4. I have supported the farm bloc in every effort 
they have made to benefit the agricultural interests 
of the country. Many of them are my friends. I 
do not favor any effort on their part to interfere 
with industrial legislation or form combinations to 
defeat such legislation. I shall work with the farm 
bloc (although not a member of it) as far as the 
farming interests of the country are concerned, but 
I waut them to keep their hands off the industrial 
interests. Such questions should have been the 
general consideration of Congress. In other words. 
I am with the farm bloc when it sticks to the pur¬ 
pose of its organization. When it attempts to use 
ils power and influence to support or defeat legis¬ 
lation. I am apposed to it. 
5. I am in favor of co-operative markets and 
everything that will enable the farmer to be bene¬ 
fited through the proper distribution of his food 
products, aud to avoid the uneconomic situation 
which now exists by reason of the middleman taking 
all the cream off the farmer's profits. 
I am in favor of farm credits and everything that 
will bring to the farmer the benefit, of proper bank¬ 
ing facilities to enable him to produce his crops and 
hold them for a favorable market through a proper 
loaning system. We are very backward in this 
country iu this regard. 
0. I will support any bills to suppress profiteering. 
1 do not favor laws designed to control the food situ- 
tion. similar to those designed to handle the fuel 
situation, for this reason: Coal is a commodity 
which, by the peculiar nature of its production and 
handling through the transportation system, is sub¬ 
ject to conspiracy to fix prices and control the mar¬ 
ket. It is so essential to the vital life of the coun¬ 
try that it is necessary that it be handled drastically 
and even in a paternalistic manner. I do not be¬ 
lieve that this covers, nr should cover, the production 
of food or farm products. If we are going to extend 
this to all production, including manufacturing and 
agriculture, we are going to be a paternalistic nation, 
and we might as well sovietize the country, I am 
opposed to any laws of this character, and shall 
continue to be. j. s. frelixghuysen. 
R. N.-Y.—The Democratic candidate for Senator 
from New Jersey is Governor Edward I. Edwards. 
We sent him the same letter that was forwarded to 
other candidates. It was acknowledged, but at the 
time of going to press no reply had been received. 
This accounts for the omission of his views on the 
matter discussed by the other candidates. Some of 
these views are well-known, but we do not presume 
to state them here. 
New York State Notes 
For the first time in New York State, and probably 
in the whole United States, farmers have sold their 
reacting tubercular cattle collectively. This piece of 
work was done in Steuben County, where there was 
recently carried »u a campaign for the testing of 42.000 
head of cattle in the comity. The collective sale was 
conducted so that farmers might get a larger share of 
the amount that was received from reactors. The way 
this was carried mi was by organizing the communities 
so that loadings were made at convenient loading sta¬ 
tions where there was sufficient number of cattle to fill 
or nearly fill a car. A local man took care of the 
loading and received a nominal fee for his work. An 
accurate record was kept of the cattle by means of ear 
tags, and the farmers were paid through their local 
banks after the cattle were sold through a broker or 
commission man. The average of shipments made to 
dare has been $lf*.23 a head. The average salvage 
value of 5,200 not marketed co-operativelv was $14.20 
per head. 
Some potatoes in the eastern part of the State are 
being loaded for 25 cents a bushel. Some are affected 
with late blight. This will no doubt affect their storage 
qualities. While it will mean work for some one to 
handle decayed potatoes, some farmers are thinking 
that in the long run the market condition resulting 
from fewer potatoes might be a good thing. 
Some of the banks up-State are offering prizes for 
the largest potato grown by a boy or girl iu their dis¬ 
trict. Isn't if about time, with all we know about 
potatoes, that a more worth while effort might be put 
forth than to make such an offer? Is ir not better to 
encourage the b*»\ or girl iu growing something that is 
worth while? The largest potato is not wanted by 
anyone. Ir has no market value. A prize to boys and 
girls, if not too large, is a worth while effort, but not 
when it does more harm than good. 
There has been so much criticism of county fairs that 
we look with interest to what will take their place. 
There are those who are strong advocates of the com¬ 
munity fair ig hat it serves the needs of farmers 
better than a county fair that is largely taken up with 
that which is not agricultural. There are some com¬ 
munity fairs that are worthy of watching. The com¬ 
munity fair at Interlaken is worthy of the name com¬ 
munity fair. This fair was conducted, as far as the 
indoor events were concerned, in the local high school. 
The grounds iu the rear were used for the machinery 
aud cattle exhibit. It is said by those who attended 
that some of the best exhibits of live stock, fruit, vege¬ 
tables. farm and household products ever seen in that 
section were on display. 
The central part of New York State has the distinc¬ 
tion of having the greatest producing cow of all the 
Holstein breed in the State. The individual is owned 
by Brock & Jenks. Their cow Queen Carlofta De Kol 
has broken the Slate record by over 1,000 lbs. and still 
has a number of days to go. < >n September 10. when 
her production was figured, she had produced since 
freshening 31.120.(5 lbs. of milk. Durmg the entire 
test she has been under the personal supervision of one 
of her joint owners. A. 1 . Jenks. who states that inas¬ 
much as 25 per cent of the cows of this breed are pro¬ 
duced in New York State he should be pardoned if he 
takes some pride in the record of his protege. 
The Geneva Experiment Station is discouraging the 
use of dwarf fruit frees in commercial orchards, 
although they stare the dwarf tree may still have a 
place in the small garden plot. While New York State 
has for some time made a practice of using dwarf trees 
in many cases for tillers, yet a larger problem that is 
presenting itself to the fruit growers in the intensive 
fruit sections is not so much a matter of dwarf apples 
as it !s the large number of old orchards that have a 
wide number of varieties. There was a time when peo¬ 
ple wanted a supply of apples in one container made 
up of a wide range of fruit, but that time has passed. 
(Continued on Page 1297) 
