The RURAL NEW-YORKER 
1297 
Market News 
Prices 
Philadelphia Produce Market 
(Supplied l>? New Jersey Slate Department of 
Agriculture. Bureau of Markets) 
Excepting for a few apples and pears 
the season for the nearby fruit has gone 
by and the market is dependent on 
shipped-in fruit to supply the trade, 
drapes were by far rhe heaviest single 
commodity received in ear lots on the 
Philadelphia market last week. Of ap¬ 
proximated 1,100 cflrioails of produce, 
which were unloaded during the week 
ending October 14. 500 carloads were 
grapes. The demand for grapes has been 
fairly good most of the season and dur¬ 
ing the past week. In spite of the heavy 
unloads prices dropped but little. Ou 
the 15tli 12-quart baskets of Concords 
from Michigan. New York and Ontario 
were sold at 83 to 85 cents per basket 
in carload lots. New York State Bart¬ 
lett pears, which sold around $2.‘Jo per 
bushel basket, held steady, as trading was 
fair and supplies were rather light. Good 
New Jersey Kioffers had a moderate de¬ 
mand at 30 to 50 cents per %-bushel 
basket. There continues to be a very 
dull market for apples and prices are 
low. Only _ really fancy apples brought 
much over 50 cents per %-bushel basket 
for nearby stock, while 05 to S3 cents 
per bushel basket was about all Green¬ 
ing. Baldwin. Wealthy and Twenty Ounce 
from New York State would bring on 
the wholesale market. Such varieties as 
the llnbbardston and Greening brought 
•S2 to 82.50 per barrel for B2%-inch 
stock, and some of the fancy table apples, 
such as the McIntosh, brought as high 
as 84.50 or $5 a barrel. York from Vir¬ 
ginia and Pennsylvania sold up to $3 a 
barrel. Events continue to shape them¬ 
selves up for a stronger market this Win¬ 
ter. A light crop of Baldwin, a fair one 
of Greening and Other Winter varieties 
is reported for New York State. The 
Michigan crop has suffered some damage 
from scab and other causes, and with the 
codling moth causing a marked decrease 
in the number of shipments that were 
expected earlier in the season from the 
box apple States of the Northwesr apple 
dealers are now far more optimistic re¬ 
garding the future market than they were 
a few weeks ago. It is a little early yet 
to expect an active demand for cranber¬ 
ries, and those selling ou rhe dull market 
range 82 to 82.75 per bushel crate. New 
Jersey and Wisconsin growers are prac¬ 
tically through harvesting, and a good 
crop is being gathered in Massachusetts, 
the frost injury to date being light. 
Gains in llie estimates from September 
1 to October 1 were 55.000 barrels, or a 
total crop of 550,000 barrels, compared 
with 873,000 barrels in 1921. 
There is a wide variation in the quality 
of many of the vegetables offered, espe¬ 
cially on corn, tomatoes, string beans, 
ere., which are nearing the end of the 
sou son. On the other hand, hue crop 
spinach, lettuce, kale, turnips and pump¬ 
kins are quite freely offered. Lettuce has 
been plentiful, hut mostly of ordinary 
quality, and the market ruled dull at 75c 
to 81 per crate for the best on the 10th. 
The celery market was firm and trading 
was fairly arrive at .82.25 .to 82.50 per 
two-thirds crate in the rough for York 
State and IN to 20 cents per bunch for 
the best nearby celery. Cabbage was one 
of the vegetables most freely offered, and 
as much of the stock arrived in poor con¬ 
dition prices averaged low. good domestic 
from New York State selling 87 to .840 
per ton. Good New Jersey cabbage was 
steady at 25 to 40 cents per %-bushel 
basket. Unions were one of the com¬ 
modities slow to move, and the wide dif¬ 
ference in quality and price was one of 
the noticeable features. The Middle 
Western onions were preferred, best yel¬ 
low stock jobbing out at 81.50 to $1.05 
per 100-lb. sack, while Connecticut Val¬ 
ley were generally very ordinary in qual¬ 
ity. due to unfavorable weather condi¬ 
tions in that section, and these brought 
up to $1 per 100-lb. sack. White pota¬ 
toes are moving slowly and there has 
been little material change in prices on 
basket stock for several weeks. Good 
Gobblers and Green Mountains are sell¬ 
ing in "8, baskets at 40 to 45 cents. 
Giants for 10 cents less, and Pennsyl¬ 
vania round whites at $1 to 81.15 per 
cwt. Sweet potatoes were also slow, 
mostly at 35 to 40 court* for a 20-quart 
basket. 
POULTRY AND EGGS 
The poultry market was fairly active, 
especially on good fowl, which advanced 
about 2 cents per lb. during the week 
ending October 12. Fancy heavy fowl, 
colored, sold chiefly at around 28 cents, 
few at 30c per lb., while White Leghorn 
fowl sold as low as 20 cents per lb. Fancy 
Spring chickens sold at about the same 
price ns the heavy fowl, and old roosters 
were worth 10 to 1.8 cents per lb. There 
has been a fair demand for choice qual¬ 
ities of dressed poultry, on which the 
market has ruled firm, with hut little 
change in prices. F resh-killed fowl, 
l acked in barrels, had sale up to 31 cents 
nor lb. Nearby broilers continue to bring 
“1 to 33 cents, and Spring ducks 27 to 
2s cents per lh. 
The continued siaroit.v of fresh eggs has 
caused a firm market, with prices advanc¬ 
ing during the week about 3 cents per 
dozen on extra firsts, closing on the 17th 
at 49 cents ner dozen, while Western 
extra firsts sold at 48 cents per dozen. 
HAY AND STRAW 
Fancy hay was in fair demand at 
steady prices, but average offerings were 
undergrade stock, which was hard to 
move. New Timothy hay ranged $10 to 
$20 per toti for good stock, and clover 
mixed at $15 to $17 per ton. Straw was 
scarce and held firm at 812.50 to $13 for 
the best wheat and oat straw. n. w. s. 
Local Up-State Markets 
SYRACUSE PUBLIC MARKET 
Live Poultry.—Ducks, lb., 20 to 24c; 
chickens, lb., 22 to 25c; fowls, lb., 22 to 
25c: geese, lb.. 25c; guinea hens, each, 
$ 1 . 
Dressed Poultry. —Ducks, lb.. 40 to 
50c; chickens, lh.. 35 to 45c; fowls, lb., 
35 to 45c; geese, lb., 40 to 45c; rabbits, 
lb.. 40c. 
Butter, lb.. 45 to 50c; eggs. 70 to 75c; 
duck eggs. 75 to 80c. 
Apples, bu., 50c to $2: crabapples. bu., 
$1.50; grapes, lb., 5c; nears, bu,. $1 to 
$2; peaches, bu.. $1.25 to $1.50; wafer- 
melons, each. 15 to 50c. 
Beans, Lima, bu., $3.50; beets, doz. 
bunches, 30c; per bu.. $1; cabbage, doz. 
beads. 40 to 00c; carrots, doz. bunches. 
25 ro 30c; per bu.. 05 to 75c; celery, 
doz. bunches, 40 to 75c; eggplant, each. 
10 to 25c: endive, doz. heads, 50c; green 
peppers, bu., $1; red peppers, bu.. $1.50: 
garlic, lb.. 15c; lettuce, leaf. doz.. 30 to 
35c; Boston, doz.. 40 to 00c; onions, 
green, doz. bunches, 20c; dry. per bu.. 
75c ro 81.25; new potatoes, bu., 75 to 
85c; romaine. doz. heads. 50 to 75c; 
radishes, doz. bunches. 25 to 30c; string 
beans, bu.. $1.50: tomatoes, bu.. 81 to 
$2: turnips, doz. bunches. 40c; per bu.. 
$1 to $1.25; corn. doz.. 20 to 25c; pump¬ 
kins. crate. 50c to 81; Hubbard squash, 
each. 10 to 25c: per lb.. 214 to 3c; 
chestnuts, bu.. $11 to $12. 
Hay, No. 1. ton, $20 to $22; No. 2. 
$10 to $18; No. 3. $14: Timothy. $20; 
straw, ton. $16 to $1S. 
ROCHESTER 
Dressed beef, carcass, lb.. 14 to 17c j 
forequarters, lb.. 10 to 12c; hindquarters, 
lb.. 18 to 20c; dressed hogs, light, lb.. 12 
to 14c: heavy, lb.. 9 to 10c; Spring 
lambs, lb.. 24 to 20c; yearling lambs, lb.. 
12 to 14c; mutton, lb.. 10 to 12c; veal, 
lb.. IS to 21c. 
Live Poultry—Broilers, white, lb.. 22c; 
colored, lb.. 25c; fowls, lb., 20 to 23c; 
old roosters, lb., 13 to 15c; guinea fowl, 
each, 30 to 40c; ducks, lb.. 22 to 24c; 
turkeys, lb., 30 to 40o; pigeons, each, 15 
to 18c. 
Eggs. 35 to 40c; butter .country, crock, 
lb., 32 to 35c. 
Apples, 14-qf. basket. 35 to 50c: per 
bu.. 50 to 75c; per bbl.. $2 to $2.25; 
crabapples. basket, 55 to 05c; grapes. 
Niagara. 14-qt basket, $1.10 to $1.15; 
Concord, basket. $1.15 to 81.25; pears, 
bu.. 75c to $1 ; per lb., 1 to l%e; prunes, 
basket, 75 to 90c; quinces, basket. 50 
to 60c. 
Beans, hand-picked, per 100 lbs.: Bed 
marrow, white marrow. $5; white kid¬ 
ney. $0; red kidney, $5; pea. 84.50; me¬ 
dium. $4.40; yellow eye. 85; imperials. 
84. 
Beets, doz. bunches. 20 to 25c; pick¬ 
ling. peck, 40 to 50c; beets, per 14-qt. 
basket. 35 to 45c; beans, wax. i4-qt. bas¬ 
ket, 81 to $1.25; green, basket. 00 to 
75e; cauliflower, doz. heads. 75c to $1.75; 
cabbage, do*, heads. 35 to 45c; carrots, 
basket, 30 to 35c: celery, doz. bunches. 
50 to 60c; eggplant, doz.. 00 to 75c; 
Hubbard squash. 1b., lL>c; lettuce, doz.. 
heads. 20 to 30c; head lettuce, doz.. 40 
to 50e; Lima beans, lb., 25c: onions, 
dry. basket. 40 to 50c; per bu.. 75 to 90c; 
peppers, green. 14-qt. basket. 35 to 45c; 
red. basket. 50c; potatoes, bu.. 55 to 
00c; pumpkins, doz., 50 to 75c; parsnips, 
14-qt. basket. 35 to 40c; radishes, doz. 
bunches. 15c; sweet corn. Evergreen, doz. 
ears. 15 to 25c; Summer squash, doz.. 25 
to 30c; spinach, bn.. 40 to 50c; tomatoes, 
ripe, 1 1-qt. basket. 40 to 50c; green, bas¬ 
ket. 30 to 35c; Turnips, 14-qt. basket. 35 
t o 40c: vegetable oysters, doz. bunches. 
35 to 40e; watercress, doz. bunches. 40 
u> 50c. 
Hides—Steers. No. 1. lb., 10e; No. 2, 
9c: cows and heifers. 10c; No. 2. 9c; 
bulls and stags, lb.. 0e; horsehides. each. 
82 to $3 : Spring lambs, each. 75c t<> 
$1.25; calf. No. 1. 14c; No. 2, 13c; wool, 
fleece, lb.. 32 to 34e : unwashed, medium, 
lb.. 30 to 32c; fine. 35 to 38c. 
Seeds—Clover, large, bu., $14 to 
814.50; medium, bu., $14.50 to 815.50; 
Timothy, bu.. 83 75 to 84 25; Alsike. 813 
to $15; Alfalfa. 813 to 814. 
JOHNSON CITY-ENDICOTT MARKETS 
Hamburg, lb.. 18c; boneless roasts, lb., 
8 ro 20c; kettle roasts, lb., 8 to 14o; por¬ 
terhouse steak, lb.. 25c; rouud steak, lb.. 
22 to 24c; lamb chops, lb.. 30 to 35c; 
mutton, lb.. 10 to 25. ; sausage, lb., is<-; 
salt pork, lb., ISc: pork chops, lb.. 30c: 
pork loin. lb.. 27c; sliced ham. lb.. 30 to 
35c; veal cutlets. 35c: veal loaf. 35c; 
rabbits, live. lb.. 25c; dressed, 30c; pigs, 
six weeks old, each. .$5. 
Live Poultry—Fowls. 27c: old roosters, 
lb., 22c; geese, ducks. lb„ 30c; broilers. 
lb.. 32c. 
Dressed Poultry — Fowls, lb.. 34c; 
geese, ducks. ]b„ 34c ; broilers, lb., .“,5c. 
Eggs, extra, white. 40 to 45c; brown. 
10 to 45c; ordinary. 44c; duck eggs. 50c; 
milk, qt, 9c; buttermilk, qt.. 5c; skim- 
milk, qt„ 5c; cream, qt.. 75c: butter, 
creamery, fancy prints-. 45c; best dairy 
prints, Iff,, 44c; dairy in jars, lb.. 44c; 
cheese, cream, lb., 30c; skim, 17c: cot¬ 
tage cheese, roll, 5c; Pimento cheese, 
roll. 10c. 
Peaches, Elberta, bn„ $1.25 to $2; 
rdums. qt., 7c; long blackberries, qt.. 
20c: black raspberries, qt., ISC; pears, 
bu.. $1.75. 
Apples, bu.. $1: beets, bunch. 5c; 
beans, dry. lb.. 8c; celery, bunch. 1214c; 
cabbage, white, lb.. 2c; carrots, bunch, 
5c; crabapples. peck. 30c; cucumbers, 
per 100. GOc: dill, bunch. 10c: greens, 
peck, 15c; lettuce, large heads, 5c; 
onions, dry, lb.. Go; green, bunch. 5c; po¬ 
tatoes. bu.. 90c; rhubarb, lb.. 5c; rad¬ 
ishes. bunch. 5c: shell beans. 7c; sweet 
corn, doz., 20c; spinach, peck. 15c; string 
beans, qt.. 0c: tomatoes, lb.. 5c; per bu.. 
80c; rutabagas, bunch, 7c. 
Bread. 17-oz. loaf. 5c: maple syrup, 
gal.. $1.75 to $2; clover honey, card. 23c; 
cider viuager. gal.. 45c; popcorn, shelled, 
lb.. Gc. 
Buffalo Wholesale Markets 
The melons are about gone, except 
those coming from the Far West. Peaches 
are going, but grapes are still a big as¬ 
set. They must have netted the farmer, 
or somebody, a good profit. 
BUTTER—CHEESE—EGGS 
Butter, steady; creamery. 44 to 49c; 
dairy. 40 to 45c; crocks, 32 to 41c: com¬ 
mon. 22 to 30c. Cheese, firm; flats, 
daisies, limbnrger. 25 to 20c; longhorns. 
20 to 27c: Swiss, 25 to 30c. Eggs, 
steady; hennery. 50 to G6c: State and 
Western candled. 42 to 56c; storage. 25 
to 33c. 
POULTRY 
Dressed poultry, firm: turkeys. 45 to 
50c; fowls. 22 to 32c; broilers, 33 to 34c; 
chickens. 26 to 36c; old roosters, 20 to 
22c; ducks. 25 to 27c; geese. 20 to 22o. 
Live poultry, steady: fowls. IS to 26c; 
Springers. 20 to 20c; old roosters, 17 to 
18c: ducks. 25 to 27c; geese. 20 to 22c. 
APPLES—POTATOES 
Apples, steady: fancy named sorts, bu., 
81 to $1.25; Snow. $1.25 to $1.50: sec¬ 
onds. 50 to 75c. Potatoes, weak; best 
homegrown, hu.. 65 to 70c; seconds. 30 
to 40c: sweets. Virginia, bbl.. 82 to $2.25. 
PEACHES—MELON S 
Peaches, quiet; fancy, bu.. $1.25 to 
$1.75; common to fair, 60c to $1.15. 
Melons, poor quality; cantaloupes, bu.. 
$1 to $1.75; honeydews and Casa has. 
box. $1.75 to $2.25. 
OTHER FRUITS—BERRIES 
Pears, dull: Bartlefts. bu.. $1.75 to $2; 
Seckels. Sheldons. $1 t«> $1.25; seconds. 
75 to 9Or. Quinces, quiet; best orange, 
bu.. $1 to 81.50. Plums, quiet; best 
sorts, bu., 80c ro $1.25. Prunes. 81.50 
to 82. Cranberries, dull: Cape Cod, 50- 
lb. box. $5 ro $5.50. Grapes, firm : home¬ 
grown, ton. 8-$0 to $90; bu.. 82 to $2.50; 
20-lb. basket. 75 to 90c; Tokays and 
Malagas, box. $2.75 to $3.25. 
BEAN'S—ONIONS 
Beans, steady: white kidney, cwt., $8 
to $9; other sorts, $7 to $8. Onions, 
steady; State yellow, cwt.. $1.50 to 
$1.75: homegrown Ebenezers, bu.. 81.25 
to $1.50: Spanish, small crate. $1.75 to 
$ 2 . 
VEGETABLES 
Vegetables, firm and active. Beans, 
green and wax. bu.. $1.25 to 82 ; beets, 
bu.. 50 to GOc; cabbage. 100 beads. $2 to 
$3; carrots bu.. 50 to Soc; cauliflower, 
bu.. 75c to $1.25: celery, bunch, small to 
large, 20 to 80c; cucumbers, bu.. $1 to 
$2.50 (nearly gone); eggplant, bu.. 50 
to 75c; endive, doz. heads. 50 to 75c; 
lettuce, box. 50c to 81; parsley, doz. 
bunches. 20 to 30c: peppers, green and 
red, bu.. 81 to $1.75; pumpkins. bu.._50 
to 75c; radishes, doz. bunches, 25 to 35c \ 
spinach, doz. bunches, 75o to $1 : squash. 
Hubbard, bu.. 00 to 70c; tomatoes. % 
bu.. 50 to 90c ; green. 75c to $1 : turnips, 
white and yellow, bu.. 50c to $1. 
SWEETS 
Honey, dull; white comb. lb.. 23 to 
25c: dark. 20 t«» 22c. Maple products, 
inactive. 
FEED 
Ilay. active; Timothy, track, ton. $18 
to $20; clover mixed. $17 to $19; straw. 
$15 to $17; wheat bran, carlot, ton. 
$26.50: middlings. 827.50; red dog. 
$35.50: cottonseed meal. $40.70: oijmeal. 
$50; hominy. $34 50; gluten. $38.75; oat 
feed. $15; rye middlings. $28. J. W. c. 
New York Wholesale Quotations 
October 19. 1922 
MILK 
Dairymen’s League Co-operative Asso¬ 
ciation. luc.. price for October Glass I 
fluid milk. 3 per cent, in 201-210-mile 
zone. $2.90 per 100 lbs.: Class 2. for 
cream and ice cream. $2. 
BUTTER 
Creamery, fancy, lb. 
.46 V, 
0t 
.47 
Good to choice... 
.42 
Ot 
.45 
Lower grades .... 
.32 
0t 
.36 
Dairv. best . 
.44 
0t 
.45 
Common to good.. 
.35 
Ot 
.40 
Packing stock . 
J25 
0t 
.30 
CHEESE 
Wh. milk, new, fey. 
.2514 
0t 
.26 
Average run . 
.24% Ca). 
.25 
Skims. 
.18 
@ 
.19 
Utica, N. Y. mkt... 
.23 
EGGS 
White, choice to f’ev. 
.85 
(a) 
.86 
Medium to good.. 
.65 
@ 
,80 
Mix'd col’s, n’by, b’st 
.60 
fa 
.64 
Gammon to good.. 
.45 
(a). 
.50 
Gathered, best . 
.55 
fit 
.56 
Common to good.. 
.30 
@ 
.45 
DRESSED POULTRY 
Turkeys, best. 
.50 
@ 
.53 
Common to good.. 
.34 
fa* 
.35 
Chickens, choice, lb- 
.36 
® 
.38 
Fair to good. 
.30 
fit 
.34 
I‘ owls . 
fa 
.33 
Boosters . 
.13 
(a 
.18 
Ducks .. 
.28 
@ 
.30 
Guineas, pair . 
1.00 
fa 
1.50 
Squabs, white, doz.. 
3.50 
fa 
9.00 
Dark . 
2.50 
fa 
3.00 
LIVE STOCK 
Steers . 
6.25 
<3 
11.50 
Bulls . 
3.00 
% 
4.75 
< lows . 
1.50 
(3) 
5.00 
Calves, p me v'l, cwt. 
12.00 
(O' 
15.00 
< 'ulls . 
5.00 
(ell 
7.50 
lings . 
8.50 
% 
10 50 
Sheep. 100 lbs. 
4.00 
at 
6.00 
Lambs ... 
10.00 
fa) 
15.50 
FRUITS 
Apples, bu. 
.75 
(a) 
1.50 
Per bbl. 
2.00 
@ 
8.00 
Pears. Seckel. bbl.. . 
4.00 
(a> 
8.00 
Bartlett, bbl. 
2.50 
fa} 
6.25 
Quinces, bu. 
.50 
@ 
1.25 
P'ches, St’e, bu.. bkt. 
.40 
1.50 
Cranberries, bbl .... 
8.00 
(3 
10.00 
Plums. 4-qt. bkt.... 
.20 
at 
.30 
Bushel basket.... 
.75 
at 
2.00 
Grapes, 18-lb. bkt.. 
.60 
.95 
VEGETABLES 
Beets. 100 bunches.. 
2.00 
@ 
2.50 
Carrots, bu. 
-75 
fa} 
1.00 
Cabbage. 100 . 
2.50 
at 
3 00 
Corn, bbl. 
1.25 
at. 
2.50 
Eggplant, bu. 
1.50 
at 
2.25 
Lettuce, bu. 
.50 
@ 
1.25 
< >nions, 100 lbs. 
.75 
at 
2.00 
Peppers, bu. 
.50 
at 
.75 
Radishes. 100 bu’ehs 
.50 
at 
1.50 
Spinach, bu. 
.50 
at 
1.00 
Squash, bbl. 
1.50 
(a 
2.00 
String beans, bu_ 
.50 
at 
2.00 
Tomatoes. 0-till orate 
1.00 
at 
2.00 
Turnips, bbl. 
1.25 
(Set 
1.75 
Cucumbers, bu. 
1.50 
at 
4.50 
Uma beans, bu. 
1.50 
@ 
4.00 
POTATOES 
Jersey. 150 lbs. 
1 00 
at 
1.50 
Long Island. 180 lbs. 
2.00 
@ 
2J25 
Sweet potatoes, bbl. 
1.25 
@ 
1.75 
GRAIN 
Cash quotations at 
New York 
• 
Wheat, No. 2. red... 
. .$1.39 
No. 1. Northern... 
. . 1.32 
No. 2. Durum.... 
1 
Corn. No. 2. yellow. . 
.. .92 
* bits. No. 2. white.. 
.. .58 
Rve . 
.. .98 
Bariev . 
• . 
.. S3 
HAY AND STRAW 
Ilay. No. 1, Timothy. 24.00 0t 25 00 
No. 2 . 22.00 0t 23.00 
No- 3 . 19.00 0t 21.00 
Clover mixed . 20.00 @ 24.00 
Straw, rye . 23.00 0i 2400 
°at . 14.00 ® 15.00 
9 
New York State Notes 
(Continued from page 12S7t 
The demand now is for fruit on a graded 
basis of one variety. The central pack¬ 
ing houses have found a great disadvan¬ 
tage in attempting to market rhe small 
number of apples of one variety. Some 
have even advanced the idea that a cam¬ 
paign should be launched for the reduc¬ 
tion of the number of varieties in an or¬ 
chard. Would this be a radical thing to 
do': It would no doubt in rhe end result 
in greater returns for rhe commercial 
orchardist. but those who have watched 
the family orchards grow up with every¬ 
thing from the old Northern Spy to the 
now rapidly waning Gilliflower will hesi¬ 
tate a long time before they part with the 
work of years. This question may be 
one that will be discussed at the Winter 
horticultural society meetings. 
The south central part of New York 
is the section in the Fast from which we 
get our Japanese millet seed. One of 
the great competitors is the State of 
Iowa. In Iowa this year there is an in¬ 
crease of about 30 per cent in acreage 
over last year, with the production per 
bushel about the same as last year. In 
Sout h_ Central New York rhere was less 
than 50 per cent of the 1921 crop, due 
largely to the fact that there was a re¬ 
duced yield over last year. While there 
have beeu but very few offerings for the 
New York crop on the part of seedsmen, 
offers that have been made range in price 
from $2.25 to $2.50 per 100 lbs. Much 
of the seed in the southern central sec¬ 
tion of the State has been sold co-opera¬ 
tively for the past two years. This has 
prevented glutting the market with in¬ 
ferior seed and has done much to encour¬ 
age the production of better seed. 
E. A. V 
