November 18, 1922 
Top-working Apple Tree 
How largo a limb of apple tree is it 
advisable or practicable to cut for inser¬ 
tion of scions? I have an undesirable 
apple tree, well grown, with limbs about 
2 lo •”> in. in diameter. 0. A. u. 
Wallingford, t’onn. 
It is possible to cleft-graft a limb of any 
size. bar. ordinarily the limits are 1 in. 
in diameter at one extreme and (i in. at 
Ibe other. Those l 1 !’ to 2 in.'are the 
most convenient and satisfactory. If too 
large a limb is taken, it is difficult to 
make the split, and if too small a limb is 
used there is not enough ‘'pinch” to hold 
the scions firmly in place. In grafting 
large trees it is belter to make three or 
four terminal grafts on branches 1*4 to 2 
in. in dimeter ilnin to make but one graft 
of a large limb, sa.v or <• in. across. You 
should have no difficulty in grafting the 
limbs of the size you mention. n. b. t. 
A PPLES, Peaches, Pears. Quinces. 
^ Plums. Cherries, Apricots, Nut 
Trees— all are backed by the com¬ 
bined guarantee of the five Kelly 
Brothers, each of whom person¬ 
ally directs a department of the 
Nursery. 
Fall Planting Pays 
Plant thiB Fall and save a whole 
year. If puts your trees way ahead. 
Our new Fall Price List, which 
quotes new and attractive pticesjis 
now ready. 
Send for your free copy today—NOW. 
Kelly Brothers Nurseries 
1160 Main St, DantviUe, N. Y. 
YOV'll never regret planting Kelly Trees 
Notes from a Maryland Garden 
In writing about aphis recently I 
should have said that I had never seen 
an aphis on potatoes in my own garden, 
for there have been serious attacks of 
them in the potato growing counties of 
Virginia south of us. In the Virginias, I 
have reason for saying that they winter 
in the ground, but the Virginia entomolo¬ 
gist. says they winter on grass and weeds. 
When the green pea aphis first struck 
North Carolina I was hurriedly called 
to Ncwbern and advise what to do. I 
went, and was shown a field of more than 
a hundred acres of green peas, every leaf 
aud young pod of which were loaded 
with countless millions of the green 
aphides. I told the owner that nothing 
could save the crop, but that if lie used 
tobacco dust or stems as a fertilizer I 
thought there would be no further at¬ 
tack. They have followed my advice, and 
the green pea louse no longer troubles 
them, while the Norfolk gardeners have 
about thrown out the crop. 
A reader iu Central New York, who 
says he has been interested iu my notes, 
writes me a gossipy letter of considerable 
length. lie is interested in nursery 
products and strawberries, aud seems to 
have found Senator Dunlap so good that 
lie sticks to it alone, aud wants to know 
if I know a better. 
The fact is there are so many very fine 
strawberries that it is hard to make eom- 
parisous. J live in a great strawberry 
growing section. Our plant producers 
grow a great many varieties, since they 
ship plants all over the country, aud out 
of it. and have to enter to many prefer¬ 
ences. But so far as the fruit growers 
are concerned, few varieties are grown. 
New ones are tested, and some of them 
stick and become popular. Just now the 
kinds mainly grown for market are the 
Premier for early. Big Joe and Kjondyke 
for mid-season, and Chesapeake for late. 
East of us, in the black, peaty, swamp 
soil, the Gandy i < the best late variety, 
but on high laud the Chesapeake cannot 
he beaten. M,v correspondents also dis¬ 
cuss wlint I wrote about crows, and also 
comment on the scarcity of the black¬ 
birds. Ten years ago we had crows here 
by the million. I have seen a flock about 
a quarter of a mile wide flying for hours 
from their foraging iu the cornfields to 
their roost in the swamps east of us. I 
have not seen a crow here for years. The 
big red-wing blackbird seems also scarce, 
lie was a sweet singer, perched on top of 
a cat-tail stem, mid I miss him. Great 
flocks of the smaller blackbirds are oc¬ 
casionally seen, but neither crows n<>r 
blackbirds are as numerous as they were 
once. Since the great crow epidemic thoy 
have been scarce all over the Middle 
States. My friend who lives in New 
York State, not far from Cornell Univer¬ 
sity, says that some of his friends went 
to Maryland and returned, saying Hint a 
man might probably make a living here, 
but could not get rich. Probably his 
friends did not. strike the eastern side of 
the Chesapeake. I know of two men who 
became millionaires at farming on the 
Eastern Shore of Maryland. One of 
these men died owning tifi farms that av¬ 
eraged 170 acres each, and all made from 
the profits of furming <!he Eastern Shore 
laud The other mnu I knew well, but 
never knew the extent of his land invest¬ 
ments. Perhaps there are millionaire 
farmers in Central New York. I know 
there are millionaires there owning farms, 
but their money was* made elsewhere. 
Millionaires made from farming are 
scarce in any part of the country, and I 
am inclined to think that the Eastern 
Shore of Maryland holds the record. 
The Dahlias aud ('annas arc all stored 
away from the fully exposed beds, but as 
I write this I look out of the south win¬ 
dow of my office and see the sheltered 
beds of Dahlias green and blooming this 
last day of October. A little shelter 
Planting Dormant Budding Trees 
What is the objection to planting dor¬ 
mant'budded trees in permanent orchard? 
Is it practical to do so? If not, why? I 
refer to peach especially, F. D. s. 
Vermilion, O. 
All trees we plant have “dormant 
buds.’* hotli when they are budded and 
when they are planted. Dormant means 
resting or quiet, and buds taken in June 
an* in just that stage. On peaches, as 
E. D. ft. suggests-, we take the buds from 
the present season's growth and bud onto 
Abe stock in tin* nursery row. These buds 
remain dormant until the following 
ftpring, when they grow into ti.e tree de¬ 
sired. When we plant trees all the. buds 
are dormant or resting, as planting is 
douo either in the Fall or early ftpring. 
‘ t. n. t. 
A Real Community Fair 
Out of the many fairs attended during 
the past two or three years a day’s visit 
to the Paris Hill Fair, far up in the hills 
south of Utica. N. Y., leaves a lasting 
impression. To reach Paris Hill we 
drove to Clinton, and then up—up, till 
Henry coughed and sputtered, and finally 
we came out on the top of a hill where 
a wonderful view of Oneida Lake and 
the adjoining territory could be seen. 
Paris Hill is up near the top. and after 
parking Henry in a grove of trees, 
around which the town seemed to have 
grown up. we passed through the gate 
and were at Paris 11 ill Fair. 
In the big white chinch, just inside 
the gate, was the flower show and. like 
all the other exhibits, it was first-class. 
Our program told us that this church 
was founded ’way back in 17D1 by the 
Bev. Jonathan Edwards, I). 1>. 
As we wandered around the grounds 
we noticed a dbmplete lack of games of 
chance. The whole fair is run by the 
church, and at every stand you wore able 
to get something for your money. Every¬ 
thing was on display, from homemade 
candy to fancy work; and ar noontime 
the dinner they served was beyond de¬ 
scription. Ir was just an old-fashioned, 
lionesr-to-goodn ess farm dinner with 
trimmings, served in a sort of community 
house next door to the church proper. 
A baby show or contest was a much- 
advertised feature, and over 30 babies 
were examined by competent physicians 
and nurses. Prizes were awarded the 
high scorers. Then there were Junior 
Project exhibits and a fine collection of 
vegetables grown by children. There was 
a horse show, a poultry show, a cattle 
exhibit end all the features interesting to 
the average farmer and his wife. The 
fruit show was especially good, many 
fine old varieties of apples long in dis¬ 
card in commercial orchards being seen. 
Then there was a merry-go-round for the 
youngsters, which was operated by mus¬ 
cles instead of an engine, and the best 
part for the kiddies was that it didn’t 
cost a cent. 
One of the best features was tile farm 
booth, where all flip products from a sin¬ 
gle farm were displayed. Mother, dad 
and all the children worked together to 
get all the products of the farm into 
place in the booth and earn the cash 
prize offered. 
The whole affair showed wliat has been 
discussed so often of late, that a lair can 
be run on clean lines and succeed. And 
another great lesson one can learn at 
Paris Hilt is the true community spirit 
where all can work together for the com¬ 
mon good. The officers of this community 
fair are to be congratulated on their won¬ 
derful success on their 17 years of en¬ 
deavor. T - H - T - 
Cherry Stocks 
In budding the cherry, what is the dif¬ 
ference between Mahaleb or Mazzard? 
Nurserymen elaim tlmr !)!> per cent of the 
cherry trees are propagated ou the Ma- 
hnleh stock. E. c. T. 
Pitfstown, N. J. 
There are two stocks used by nursery¬ 
men on which to hud sweet aud sour cher¬ 
ries, the Mahaleb and Mazzard stocks. 
The Mahaleb stock, as E. C. T. suggests, 
is used by ir.ir^ervuiPu to a much greater 
extent than the Mazzard. The Mahaleb 
is n bush-like cherry, and is quite far 
removed botanical? from the sweet and 
Sour cherries. The Mazzard is the name 
for the wild sweet cherry from which 
have come our cultivated sweet cherries. 
It grows to a height of from 30 to 10 ft., 
being a large-sized tree. Prof. Hedrick, 
in “The Cherries of New York.” sums up 
the good and had points of these two 
stocks as follows: 
1. Cherries ,,n Mahaleb are hardier to 
cold, due to the earlier ripening of the 
Wood. 
2. The Mahaleb is a dwarfing variety 
and produces smaller trees. 
3. Better unions are made with Maz¬ 
zard. die to the closer relationship to 
orchard cherries. 
J. Tin Mahaleb will thrive on a greater 
diversity .if soil, especially on sandy soils. 
5. Varicl es on Mazzard stock live 
longer, probably because of the sturdiness 
of t lie stock, 
Ct. Varieties on Mazzard seem more 
productive and profitable. 
Fruit growers in general seem to favor 
the Mazzard as the host stock, while nur¬ 
serymen seem ro favor the Mahalch. One 
large fruit grower in this locality has or¬ 
dered 15,000 Mazzard stocks to be sot 
next ftpriug. lie intends to hud these 
himself, as lie has not been able to secure 
trees on this stock. This grower says 
he intends to plant trees for his grand¬ 
children and that it cannot be done by 
using Mahaleb stock. Tile Mahaleb stock 
makes a better nursery tree, hence the 
nurserymen use thar stock. The Mazzard 
is undoubtedly best for the fruit grower 
when considering production, hardiness 
and situ T. H. r. 
Yalesville, Conn. 
For Healthier Trees and Better Fruit 
WITH 
Charles Fremd's Formula 
A Contact Insecticide and Fungicide 
for spraying deciduous fruit and ornamental 
trees anil shrubs anil some varieties of Kver- 
greea Trees, Rhododendrons, Kalmea, etc. 
Descriptive booklet free. 
manufactured by 
COOK & SWAN CO., Inc*. 
SulcoDept R, 148 Front St., New York, U.S.A. 
141 MIL Street, Boston, Moss., U.S.A. 
Contractors to the Government 
FOR TYING 
IN FAST COLORS 
Hoffman-CorrTape Mfg. Co 
312 Market Street, Philadelphia. Pa. 
CONTENTS 
Starting Lettuce In Cold Frames 
In regard r.< growing lettuce in cold 
frames. I would make a five-sash cold 
frame immediately, and sow ; k, oz, of let¬ 
tuce «ee<l to each sash, broadcast. Ground 
must be quite moist before sowing seed 
After raking sih»iI in. firm the ground 
with a 12-in. hoard, and put sash on at 
once. Keep ground moist or the seed 
will not germinate. After the young 
plants are :! .j in. in growth, push down 
sash from top 2 or ” in. on warm sunny 
days. Tlose plants will only need the 
sash for proto-tom, even in the rolih'SC 
weather in the Winter. Each sash should 
give about 1.000 plants. 
Have another cold frame made and put. 
on sa-.li so Hie ground will not freeze 
very deep. The young plants will lie 
ready to transplant in the cold frame the 
first of February. When these plants 
arc transplanted the sash will have to he 
covered with n.nti* at night, so they will 
not freeze very hard. After the plants 
are rooted give plenty of air. by pushing 
down rash at the lop on bright sunny 
days. Keep i q,* sujl loose bv hoeing, and 
writer when the soil looks dry. Do not 
water after head begins to form or it will 
cause rot. Set five rows under each sash, 
10 plants in a row. The soil must bo 
quite rich. 1 find fertilizer as good as 
well-totted manure; use a grade running 
about 5-S-8. If too much nitrogen, it is 
not apt to head solid. 
I find the best varieties for cold frame 
is Big Boston and White Cabbage Head. 
New Jersey. wtu t \v PKRKINS. 
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER. NOV. 18. 
FARM TOPICS 
A Truly Co-operative Ron/,side Market.1363, 
Experience With Hu bam Clover...... 
Building: Straw Shed. .. ■ • * • 
A Cotton Crop in Michigan.1365, 
LIVE STOCK AND DAIRY 
Dairy Situation Critical. 
Nori-Pooling Dairymen Meet. 
Studies of the National Dairy Show—Part 
II..... 
Buying Calves or Heifers. 
Sweet Clover and Milk Taste. 
THE HENYARD 
Washing Eggs Before Shipment. 
Take-down Poultry Houses. 
Profits from PoulUy Keeping.. 
Fattening Ttirkeys ... 
HORTICULTURE 
A Red-deshefl Apple.-... 
More Hough Land Orchard Experience..., 
Conifer Cuttings .• •• 
Chemical Treatment for Borers... 
Use More No. 2 Apples................... 
WOMAN AND HOME 
Pumpkin Butter ... 
Sweet Apple Recipes. 
The Rural Patterns. 
Calyx-eyed Needles .. 
Suggestion foi a Sowing Club. 
Improving Old Floors...... 
A Millinery Piece Box... 
Real Squash Pie... 
Two Fudge Reel lies .. • • 
MISCELLANEOUS 
A Defence of the Crow’. 
Entomologists and Bats. 
Twelve Great Agriculturists. 
Railroad Freight* and Wages. 
STRAWBERRIES THE BEST MONEY CROP 
YOU CAN GROW THEM, (let nnr catalogue and 
learn how. I.ots of inforinaTlon. It's free. Write tod MV 
THE W. F. ALLEN CO . 72 W Market St . Salisbury. Md. 
^ |3 A D g t 'uncord, lie 1 hv ii r i. > t it e ■ r n, 
W IXH r C Worden. Moore’* Early, mw ami 
V |M r C two-voai- old. T II K F s. S II ft U B t>, 
■ I* C w VINES, Etc. Catalogue free. 
Ransom Nursery - Geneva, Ohio 
New York Statu 8 ee o n d Catling. Direct from 
erowurs. Inspected hy p or * o ns 1 representative. 
Price nnd quality right. Order ahead—ear* scarce. 
W. I,. MITCHKUL - New Haven, Conn. 
Wanted to Buv *»«««“*“ *■ Selected Buckwheat 
* to grind into flour for hftiiian 
food TV. \l fiPic A t» li E, Producer ol Honest to Good¬ 
ness Whole Grain flour*, 3206 E. Third St Dayton. Ohio 
This attractive 234-page 
book has some ot the 
best of the. Hope Farm 
Man’s popular sketches— 
philosophy, humor, and 
sympathetic human touch. 
Price $1.50. For sale iy 
Rural New-Yorker, c>33 
•*' 3f)th St.. New York. 
HOPE 
FARM 
BOOK 
When you write advertisers mention 
The Itural New- Yorker and you 'll get 
a t/uick reply and a "square deal. ” See 
guarantee editorial page 
