•Px RURAL NEW-YORKER 
1409 
The Henyard 
Comparison of Grain with Weight of 
PouUry 
How many pound* of grain would it 
take to make 1 lb. of chicken? My idea 
is to buy in Spring baby chicks of the 
heavy breeds, Rooks, Reds or HI a ok Jer¬ 
sey Giants, and sell all males in the Fall. 
Keep pullets that, show signs of laying 
until .Soring, then soil them and start all 
over again. Would it pay? e. t. k. 
Wavcrly. I'a. 
The amount of grain required to pro¬ 
duce 1 11 k of poultry meat varies with 
the age of the bird and with other con¬ 
ditions. Some figures obtained at the 
Indiana Experiment Station in 191U and 
1917 showed that with White Plymouth 
Rocks it took from 4.8 to 5.6 lbs. grain and 
from 6.5 to 8.5 lbs. of skim-milk to pro¬ 
duce a 2-lb. broiler. It required from 
27 to 30 lbs. of feed and from 22 to 27 
lbs. of milk to bring a pullet to 2-S weeks 
of ago. A 644-lb. roaster was grown on 
from 24 to 27 lbs. of feed" and 22 lbs. 
of skim-milk. and a (Mg-lb- capon required 
64 to 67 lbs. of feed and 62 to 79 lbs. of 
skim-milk. 
With the much lower prices for feeds at 
that time, it cost 12c to produce the 
broiler. 84c to grow the pullet, 75c to 
produce the roaster, and $1.88 to grow 
the capon. These arc the food costs only ; 
the whole cost of the broiler was 29r. of 
the pullet $1.03. of the roaster $1.04. and 
of the capon $2.32. these latter figures 
being for the year 1917. 
Your proposed plan would not nay. 
Poultry meat is very expensive to produce 
and requires au exceptional market if a 
profit is to be made on the carcass alone. 
Broilers, roasters and capons are. of 
course, produced at a profit by those fa 
vorably situated, but your Fall and 
Spring soles would be. at. wholesale prices 
for fowls, not at the higher prices for 
the specialized products. What eggs you 
received during the Winter would help, 
but. would probably fail to bring the 
balance upon the right side of the ledger. 
>t. B. n. 
Feeding for Eggs 
Is there any patent feed harmless to 
pullets that will make them lay? We 
have fed them mash and corn and oats, 
and as they are pullets hatched iu March 
we cannot understand why only three 
are laying out of 100. They are in ex 
cellent shape, and our purpose is that 
they shall lay before the cold months. 
I have noticed out patent food of Chi¬ 
nese origin advertised, but wa* fearful 
of injury to pullets, thereby injuring eggs 
for sitting in the Spring. We are also 
contemplating buying about 50 White 
Leghorn yearlings, and wish to avoid 
their molting and hasten their laying, if 
possible. mbs. j. p. r. 
Elmer, N. Y. 
No. there is uo patent, food of Chinese 
or other origin that will make pullets 
lay. Laying is induced by good feeding 
upon a well-balanced ration and good 
care otherwise, aud in no other way. If 
your March-hatched pullets are well de¬ 
veloped, but laggard in production, you 
have probably fed them upon a ration 
too low in animal food (protein). Very 
likely you fed them corn aud oats, with 
either a small amount of ntash or a mash 
deficient iu meat scrap, aud not enough 
skim-milk to make up for the lack of 
animal food in the mash. If so, bring 
them gradually now to a well-balanced 
laying ration. The following formula for 
dry mash is good (Cornell) : Equal 
parts by weight of eornnaeal. ground oats, 
wheat bran, wheat middlings aud beef 
scrap. Keep this before them (dry), 
and for a stimulant g ve at noon what 
they will quickly clean up moistened with 
skim-milk or water. In addition feed 
mixed whole grains morning and night, 
but do not feed so much whole grain that 
the pullets will not eat an equal quan¬ 
tity of the mash. Feed grain lightly in 
the morning, and all that the pullets will 
eat just before going to their perches. 
If you have an abundance of skint-milk 
the meat scrap in the mash can he re¬ 
duced in quantity, or possibly omitted. 
Give the yearling liens the same ration. 
But remember this: A sudden change 
in the ration may induce a molt that w ill 
cheek egg production until Spring. Make 
all changes In feeding and care, particu¬ 
larly with pullets, gradually. Take a 
little time to get tiie pullets from their 
old ration on to the new . m . B. d. 
Leghorn-Mmorca Cross 
What is the largest strain of White 
Leghorns? 1 have White Leghorn hens: 
how would it work to cross them with 
White Minorca cockerels? 1 would like 
to get bigger stock aud bigger eggs. 
Greensboro, M»i. c. G. M. 
While mu-sing the Leghorns and Mi¬ 
norca* might increase the size of the 
progeny over that of the 1/eghorns. it 
would probably produce inferior layers 
and bring out other undesirable charac¬ 
teristics. It lias taken years of careful 
selection in breeding to ti\ the do-arable 
characters of the different varieties of 
fowls, and one cross can undo a large 
part of this work. If it were possible to 
get. a combination of the desirable qual¬ 
ities of different breeds of animals -imply 
by crossing them, we should have hens 
the size of Brahmas laying eggs as white 
as those of Minorcas and in as great 
numbers as do the Leghorns, aiyi cows 
with the beef qualities of the Hereford*, 
giving milk a- rich as that of Jerseys in 
tlie quantities produced by llolsteins. If 
yon wish to increase the size of the fowls 
and their eggs, and Still keep the desir¬ 
able characteristics of the Leghorns, you 
can do this by selection in breeding, using 
large eggs from large fowls when hatch¬ 
ing. It iR a slow process, but there are 
no short cuts. I do not know of any 
strain of Leghorns recognized as being 
larger than others. There is considerable 
variation in this matter, size not being 
the quality usually sought for by breeders 
of Leghorns. m. b. i>. 
Preventing Colds 
What is the trouble with my poultry, 
and what, can I do for them? I have no- 
ticed that both my pullets and yearling 
hens, when T go into the pens, especially 
at feeding time, stand and shake their 
heads and act as though tlu re was some¬ 
thing ihe matter with their nostrils. I 
thought it might he either a cold or 
worm that made them do this, or per¬ 
haps catarrh. I have tried a patent roup 
remedy and permanganate of potash, but 
cannot, seem to slop the trouble. Will 
you tell me something that will prevent 
colds in young birds, other than patent 
remedies, as they seem very expensive for 
a large dock. . f. e. g. 
Methuen, Mass. 
•Fowls are subject to colds at this time 
of the year, from which they should re¬ 
cover without serious trouble if kept in 
oleau, dry and w ell-ventilated quarters, 
and not exposed to cold drafts when upon 
their perches. I do not know of any¬ 
thing rhnr will prevent colds in fowls or 
those of humans, though there are a 
large number of “roup cures' upon the 
market. Serious colds should be guard 
ed against by raising vigorous stock and 
keeping it in healthful quarters. If you 
feel ihat medication is necessary, how¬ 
ever, the following prescription may he 
used: Four pounds Epsom salts, six 
ounces magnesium carbonate, 12 ounces 
copperas. 10 onuocs sutpbur* nn<i 
ounces ground ginger. Dose, one table¬ 
spoon for each 15 hens, mixed with moist 
mnsh and fed in the forenoon to hens 
that are hungry. Give three mornings 
in succession and then skip three morn¬ 
ings. This is said to be recommended by 
one of the agricultural experiment sta¬ 
tions, and I give ir as is, without ap¬ 
proval or condemnation. D - 
Food Values; Drinking Fountains 
1 Which would have more value, wheat 
•ound at $1 per bu. or corn at $18 a ton, 
•ound new r corn? Me must bu> both. 
,’e wish to feed dry buttermilk, oobmeal 
id ground wheat. W e do not feed bran, 
ir it is too dear, and the hens will not 
it it .lust, now we are buying mash 
iat is mostly Alfalfa, and it costs $3.15 
nr 100. We have 300 pullets that are 
arting to lay. In the afternoon we feed 
■acked corn, wheat, oats and buckwheat, 
nr chickens all look uice. 
2 How should 1 make drinking foun- 
lins. 5-gal. ones? will galvanized foun- 
[ins burst if water freezes in the day i 
,’e always pour out water left in the 
eniug. Are fountains safe with a light 
nder to keen the water from freezing? 
ust now we are using troughs, but they 
ust be looked after every hour, for the 
rds get. them scratched full of straw. 
Pfl MRS. \I. 
1. There is but little difference in the 
feeding value of wheat and corn, though 
if either is to he used alone, corn is prob¬ 
ably slightly preferable. It is better to 
use a mixture of grains and ground grain 
products. Meat or milk iu some form 
must also be fed for beat results. See 
if you cannot get the fallowing mash mix¬ 
ture at a reasonable price: Equal parts, 
by weight, of corniural, wheat middlings, 
ground oars, wheat bran and beef scrap. 
This, with your mixed whole grains fed 
night ami morning, will give you a well- 
balanced ration for egg production. Pow¬ 
dered buttermilk nitty be a substitute for 
the beef scrap in the mash, if cheaper, or 
if all the skipi-milk that the pullets will 
consume can be fed. the meat may he 
omitted. Alfalfa is good, but too expen¬ 
se! e when ground for mash. 
2. The simplest drinking fountain that 
T know of i« an ordinary 12-qt. galvanized 
water pail. This may be set in any 
empty orange orate on the floor or placed 
on n rack above the floor. Hens will 
drink readily from such pails they are 
comparatively inexpensive, easily cleaned 
and filled, and moderate freezing will not 
injure them. If emptied at night, you 
will probable have no trouble in keeping 
them free from lee in your locality. Oil 
lamps cannot be considered absolutely 
safe anywhere, of course. \r. b. d. 
AnotT 206 teal have been marked and 
released froni Lake Scugog. Ontario. 
Canada, during and since 1920 for the 
purpose of ascertaining particulars of 
the flights of these birds One marked 
and released on September 4. 1920. was 
killed two months and seven days later 
on the Island of Trinidad. 2.000 miles 
away. 
Poultry.house for Mountain District 
1 am expecting to build a house for 
laying hens, 20 by 40 ft., and would like 
some information as to the type of house 
that, would be best iu the southern part, 
or east of the Blue Ridge Mountains of 
Pennsylvarria, h. n..- 
Thomasville, Pa. 
A poultry-house 20x40 ft. in size would 
he in good proportion and can be most 
economically built in the standard shed- 
roof style, with the front wall 9 ft. or 10 
ft. iu height, aud the rear 5 ft. Center 
posts may be needed to support the raft¬ 
ers. but will not be objectionable. The 
building should face the south or east 
and should be airtight on all sides but 
the front. This should have ample win¬ 
dow space for light and ventilation, per¬ 
haps one-third of the front, and should be 
kept open through the warm weather and 
sufficiently open in Winter to prevent 
gathering of moisture upon the interior 
of the building. 
Concrete floors are best, and walls of 
single thickness are warm enough, if air¬ 
tight. Prepared roofing is most econom 
ical if of good grade. A double pitch 
roof, with rafters of unequal length, the 
shorter ones in front, will do away with 
the necessity of center posts if these are 
not wanted. Any building material de¬ 
sired may he used for the walls, the es¬ 
sential thing being that they should be 
wind tight. Wood is still the cheapest, 
and. by many, thought to be most desir¬ 
able. M, B. D. 
Winter Greens for Large Flock 
What is the best and most economical 
of greens for fowls in Winter? I have a 
fluek of 1,000 White Leghorns, and have 
no greens for them. Could I sprout oats 
for that number of birds? Would oats 
just soaked in water do? How much 
should they have daily? c. E. 
North Stnuington, Conn. 
Mangel beets and cabbages are prob¬ 
ably the most popular garden vegetables 
raised for poultry feeding during the 
Winter. Cabbages are most easily raised, 
mangels the most easily stored, but a 
large quantity of either can be produced 
ou a small area of suitable land and the 
choice lies largely with the preference of 
the poultryman. If yon have neither to 
feed, sprouted oats will replace them, 
and it is quite feasible to sprout enough 
for 1,000 fowls: or you can get pretty 
nearly the same value from oats soaked 
for a short time in boiling water, the ves¬ 
sel hmng covered to retain the steam. 
Cut Alfalfa or clover hay. or stored lawn 
dippings, may be freshened in the same 
way. What oats the fowls will quickly 
clean up at a feeding may he given them 
dailv, or a chunk of the sprouted oats 
perhaps half the size of one's hand for 
each bird. That amount may be exces¬ 
sive. however, if you have au exceptional¬ 
ly large fist. Steamed oats do not con¬ 
tain the ehlorophyl that gives the green 
color atul perhaps some of the tonic prop¬ 
erty of sprouted oats, but they are much 
more easily prepared and contain all the 
food values of oats in any form. 
M. B. D. 
Combs and Heredity 
I am going to have a pen of W bite 
Leghorns this Winter. If the birds all 
have points on their combs and the 
rooster also, would the ehieks hatched 
from their eggs all have five points, or 
would it make any difference. 1? the 
birds all weighed 4 lbs. apiece, would 1 
get 4-lb. pullets, or would they vary much 
In weight? c - 
Vermont. 
No; five-point combs are ornaments 
that nature grants to but few in a flock. 
That number of points being prescribed 
in the Standard of Perfection, they are 
the ideal to be striven for in breeding, 
but equally good birds, from every stand¬ 
point but that of beauty, may be found 
with a greater or less number of comb 
points. No; 4-lb. fowls will not neces¬ 
sarily produce 4-lb. chicks, much of the 
weight of the latter, in fact, depending 
upon how they are fed. m.b.p. 
Substitutes for Green Stuff 
What is the opinion of leading poultry- 
men as ro the necessity of feeding laying 
hens green stuff as a daily ration? Is it 
considered necessary, or will F.psom salts 
or semi-condensed buttermilk answer all 
purposes of the green food, and be just 
as well? Some poultry men are discarding 
green foods altogether, and feeding other 
things claimed to be just as good. 
Concord, N. II. f. c. r. 
PARCEL POST EGG CASES 
SAFEST and CHEAPEST 
“A Neat for Each Egg ” 
Write tor prices and catalogue. 
Send 25c InrlJ-Jozen sample— 
postpaid. 
U. S. Pulp Product* Corporation, Newark, N. Y. 
200 S.C.W. Leghorn Pullets laying. *8.545 c h. 
H. Tj. GA3KILI. Route H I.ockport. New Vokk 
20 S C R I gg|| ntar ly matured, weighing about 
II. I.. GASKILI. 
four pounds. *8 c n o h. 
Bout,’ - I.ocbport, N.V 
n...j' . Mammoth Light Brahmas. 
Breeding cockerels eR . h. B&md k-u, hoi 8 . w y 
RTidottes. Rose and Single Comb Brown ami White I.eit 
horns. *4 each. " JUSTA-MERE POULTRT FAIN,'' Himpton, i.t 
C ockerel*—S. C. White Leghorns. Wvckuff Strain. 
From Cornell Certified Stock. W. J. PRATT. Cmejune, R.T 
•*4 each or 6 for *30, while they Inst. Few old hens 
at *1.50 each. All fnrm raised stock br»<l for eggs. 
CHAS. D BARTHOLOMEW • Centre H*ll. P». 
ANCONAS—Special Sale till Dec. 20th 
Single Comt> Ancona Cockerels--exhibition 
or utility. Carefully selected. 
C. W. SIMONIES - Red Creek, N. Y. 
I MAHOGANY STRAIN S. G. Rhode Island Rads 
I Early hatched Pullets. S2 50 and S3 each. Yearlitn 
Hens, S2.25 e.v-h. Cockerels. S4 each. All excellent 
breeding stock. Circular. 8 QuacAenbush Darien Conn 
H. TOMPKINS and PAYNE BROS STRAIN 
ROSE AND SINGLE COMB REDS 
Big husk j. farm raised cockerel*, bred for vigor, 
large size, dark red color and heavy laying Pi ice* 
reasonable. Satisfaction guaranteed. Catalog free. 
RALPH KNICKERBOCKER R D. 36 Pine Plains N 1 
Jersey BlackGiants 
Sotne choice Cockerels. Priced right. 
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20 RoseComb White Wyandoife Pullets u5id jr *" h 
acme laying *4,50 each M. L (ASKILl.faatt R,Lack*art,N.T. 
Pearl Guineas a.i.. «.u-LIII, Routt I, l.ookport. N. Y. 
BANTAMS 
Genuine Golden 8eab right and 
Black Tail .T * pa. .i e se, *« pair. Light 
Brahma. Buff. B.nck and White Coe.,in, 
ti pair. “JlST-A-MFKk POI I.TRY FtKH," ItamploH. A. X. 
TERSEYIGLACKG'IANTS 
America’s Premier heavy-weight Fowl. i»sl{n>vr- 
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Catalog and Price List. C. M.PA8 E I sons, let t« Ithnar.R.J. 
S. C. R. I. Red Cockerels 
from a lot we held out from which to 
select our own breeders. You'll say they 
are fine. C. REED FERGUSON, Ramsey, N. J. 
JERSEY BLACK GIANT Pullets EorS*i. 
Buy roar next Spring> breeder* now. Thoroughbred 
•tuck guaranteed. T II Met tier, East Millet on*. N J. 
TI1D VTVC Two!lon 'r«.ated flock* Bourbon Red*. 
1 UiUVLI J Large, healthy birds. 80 >ir*d by a 
son of Fellcitie. a 24-lh hen. Young 
Toms or hens- reasonable price, f l. WlllE. We,Ian*. Mica.aae 
Mammoth Bronze Turkeys 
Fine breeding *t"Ck. John II. Smith, Wilton. N T. 
White China Geese ™ 
EMILIA RICKENBRODE Fry bun?. Pa. 
P iir»? IIrun kp Turkey m mid Burred R«-k CuekercU 
KoHAon&ldo prices. I, H. wheaTOH, v Y. 
BwrtMMlirtqt jrSgriUKi&tea 
JVT.irnmoth Bronze Tvirlxoys 
(Breeding stock b«1«cUn 1 from ftl&rge F9u«k. Yoi m 
uiormutit.ui w rite to Mi *. II. MMfcK. i«i 171 . i X V 
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F OR satr—Large, health* Pure Bred Mammoth Bronte 
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M n T„ r L au# Ooldbank Strain Hens and Toms from 
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R. 34 
Pttoeniiville. Pa. 
PEu DUCKS 
America’s Standard 
Strain. BREEDERS NOW 
PARDEE S PEKINS ISLtP.N.Y 
ForLack of Room 
Hundred NiceLeghorn Pullets 
Alient to la> \t shi’rlfSeo. A&d <-kCh. 
NEW WINDSOR POULTRY FARM R 3 Newburgh, N Y. 
Neither Epsom salts nor semi-solid but¬ 
termilk eati take the place of green food 
in the poultry ration, though it is true 
that fowls will get along without the lat¬ 
ter. The craving for greens by a flock 
that has been deprived of them for a time 
is a pretty good indication of their need, 
and the fact that they will replace a por¬ 
tion of rhe expensive grains that would 
otherwise be fed is proof of their economy 
in poultry management. Greens furnish 
si’vulence and salts, and vita mines, as 
well, that will not be found either in but¬ 
termilk or magnesium sulphate, though 
both the latter have their place. M. n. n. 
‘That's what I call a finished ser¬ 
mon.” said a lady to her husband ns they 
wended their way home from eburen. 
“Yes,’’ was the reply, “bur. do you know. 
1 thought it never would be.”—Every¬ 
body’- Magazine 
Far Cal*. Extrn Belgian clltmUX PIWMS Pi notable B' eefiei s 
of Fine Squabs. I rioes reasonable. LK HOJIMS, *i**eb«ill«.fa. 
Thoroughbred !\arragansett Turkeys 
Hens. *8 ; Tom- 8Ui 
B, H. JACKSON l »|>e Vincent, N.Y. 
White Holland Turkeys ™ 
S.S.HAMBURGS 
H h ns SI ; pellets, St 25 ; Cork ere! - S2 ; 50 11 ens rout 
Pullets. In Ooekerel*. all S65. E. B. FlGGS Delni.ir Del. 
~ RA BBITS | 
ROYAL RABBITRY 
Ardsley-on-Hudson, N. Y. 
Hfeeders of Pelsr’.m Haves, Stock for Sale. 
i nios. oi<t, 83.50 each. 3 nuts, old, S3 each. 
Stool, guaranteed to be best or purchase price re¬ 
funded Sig .ed guarantee with esoh purchase. 
