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Live Stock Matters 
Conducted By Prof. F. C. Minkler 
Ration for Cows and Heifers 
I have plenty of corn for cob meal, rye 
and oats. Give me a formula for a bal¬ 
anced ration for milk cows that fresh¬ 
ened last June, with cornstalks or Tim¬ 
othy hay for roughage. What would be 
the best feed for heifers, due to freshen 
next Spring'/ L. i>. \v. 
Flanders, N, J. 
While cottonseed meal and linseed meal 
arc abnormally high, (here is Hi tie doubt 
that wiser combined with cornmeal, rye 
and oats, they provide a very satisfactory 
mixture. Where you have plenty of oats 
uotbiug is to be gained by grinding the 
corn and cob meal. Straight cornmeal 
would be more desirable. Rye, while 
not especially palatable, is practically as 
nutritious as cornmeal, and can be used 
satisfactorily where increased amounts of 
linseed meal are provided. Hence the 
combination of -50 lbs. corn and cob 
meal. 150 lbs. rye. ”00 lbs. oats. ”00 lbs. 
cottonseed. 200 lbs. linseed meal. If you 
have more corn and oats than this pro¬ 
portion will utilize, the combination can 
Millet for Cow Feed 
I have a lot of millet seed. Can I get 
it ground and use it with other cow feed? 
Lisle. N. Y. n.ir.K. 
A hundred pounds of ground millet 
seed contains 72.2 lbs. of digestible nu¬ 
trients, as compared with 00.0 lbs. for 
wheat bran. While it contributes less 
protein than wheat bran, its carbohy¬ 
drates are highly digestible, which over¬ 
come in part the relatively high liber con¬ 
tent that it contains. In order to ob¬ 
tain the most satisfactory results from 
millet seed it must be linely ground. 1 
should not use more than 15 or 20 per 
cent of the millet seed in any mixture in¬ 
tended for dairy cows. It is not palata¬ 
ble; it is very often musty, aud for this 
reason if is not particularly relished by 
the animals. For ordinary purposes it 
might replace a part of the bran in a 
mixed feed. 
Combination with Corn and Buckwheat 
What concentrates are used with corn, 
oats and buckwheat, for milk production? 
Also, what should be mixed with above 
for raising calves? F. M. 
Where you have a generous amount of 
A few weeks ago we had a short discussion of the pig as a pet for children. Here we 
have one of Henry Field’s little girls with her pig “Obadiah.” His tail is dipped in 
approved dog style, and he bus a fashionable collar and chain. It is said for 
Obndiah that “he is cleaner, more intelligent, and more useful than 00 per cent of 
the dogs.’’ Well, “everyone to his taste." but most of us will rank tlu* pig as a 
pork producer rather than as a pet. 
be modified without altering itnutritive 
ratio. We have omitted the use of auy 
wheat bran in this mixture, feeling that 
where whole rye and ground oats were 
fed in conjunction with cornstalks and 
Timothy hay it might be possible to 
eliminate this product. 
For the young heifers clue (o freshen 
next Spring l should use a combination 
consisting of three parts of Corn and cob 
meal, three parts of oats, three parts of 
bran and one part of linseed meal. I 
should not utilize any of the rye in feed¬ 
ing these young animals, for it is not con¬ 
ducive to conditioning them as desired. 
Rye is especially useful in feeding hogs, 
especially market pig* intended for fat¬ 
tening; but it is ill suited for use in 
feeding brood sows. 1 would even go so 
far ns to suggest that if you have a sur¬ 
plus of rye it would be well worth while 
to exchange some of the rye for wheat 
bran iti order that the dry heifers might 
be fed some of this product. 
It is quite necessary to feed bran in 
the absence of Alfalfa or clover hay. The 
roughage that you have i- not well adapt¬ 
ed for feeding growing auiin.il>. Be sure 
to feed generously of this grain ration to 
your growing heifers. Insist that they 
freshen in good llcsh and good condition, 
for this is the only precaution that will 
insure satisfactory lactation during the 
coming months. Then. too. when grass 
becomes abundant and luxuriant in the 
Spring it would he well to continue the 
use of some cornmeal and cottonseed meal 
or cornmeal and’ gluten feed, and thus 
maintain the vigor and condition result¬ 
ing from Winter feeding. Spring grass 
is very washy and is apt In deplete the 
vigor unless supplemented bv some grain 
during the early season. This same va- 
tiou enn be utilized for yearlings, al¬ 
though !l Is not necessary to feed them 
exlravaganlli until they are safely sef- 
tled. Tills mixture also can he used for 
feeding dry cows. 
corn, oats and buckwheat, and are in a 
position to provide your cows with some 
clover or Alfalfa hay. then a useful com¬ 
bination for cows in milk would result 
from combining the materials in the fol¬ 
lowing proportion: 200 lbs. corn. 250 
lbs. ground oats. 150 lbs. buckwheat. 200 
lbs. cottonseed meal. 200 lbs. liuseed 
meal. If this is fed in conjunction with 
silage and a good deal of roughage I lie 
milk flow will be satisfactory. 
For raising calves and young stock T 
should simplify the combination and use 
a mixture consisting of five parts of 
ground oats, two parts of cornmeal. two 
parts of ground buckwheat, and one part 
of linseed meal, l doubt the wisdom of 
feeding very much buckwheat to calves 
under nine months of age, and would 
rather prefer replacing the buckwheat 
suggested in this combination with bran 
or while middlings. For animals over a 
year old it could lie safely fed. 
Improving a Ration 
Will you prepare a formula for bal¬ 
anced ration for three Jersey cows? I 
have clover. Timothy. Red-top, oat hay 
and corn fodder: turnips to chop to feed 
with grain. T have been feeding ready- 
mixed feed. F. K. P. 
Unfortunately, you have a poor grade 
of roughage, fi r neither Timothy hay. 
Red-lop nor oat and pea hay are recog¬ 
nized as ideal sources of roughage. While 
turnips arc less desirable than mangels, 
they are very useful, and can be stored 
in pits and fed throughout the Winter 
successfully. IF you desire a useful mix¬ 
ture. one intended for Jersey cows. I 
would suggest a mixture consisting of 30 
lb. cornmeal. It* lbs. gluten, 20 lbs. 
ground oats, 1»* lbs. oilmeal, 1ft lbs. cot¬ 
tonseed meal. 15 lbs. bran. The flow of 
milk would be increased by the use of 
some legume hay, such as clover or Al¬ 
falfa, morning and night. 
The Fat Stock Show 
The International Live Stock Expo>i- 
tion is truly a fat stock show. More 
beef, pork aud mutton is viewed on the 
hoof than at any other show of the year, 
for the ri. ings at this show are final and 
designate the season's wiuuers. The 
crowds were large; the entries broke .ill 
records and every detail worked t<> the 
distinct advantage of the exposition. 
A purebred Shorthorn was designated 
as the grand champion steer. ( In'iioweth 
Jack, owned and bred I v W. J. and It. A 
Tlmmas of Kentucky was the choice of 
the foreign judge who passed on the 
grades as well as the purebred steers. The 
champion weighed 1.010 lbs., was a year 
old in < b tober and sold for $1.25 per 
pound. This steer represented the modern 
trend in horf production, i. e.. the s*'i c 
tion and use of baby beef, rather than 
the older or heavier type of animal. Ti e 
carlot division entries and awards again 
emphasized this trend in the steer feedin: 
business. An entire nhseuce of the old- 
fashioned overdone heavy type prevailed, 
the feeder at last lias reached the con¬ 
clusion that nothing is to be gained by 
choosing feeders of indefinite age. and that 
if he selects calves and forces them from 
birth to maturity, he is well on lii> way 
to a profitable market. The champion 
carlot of Angus steers sold for $50 per 
hundred, while the S4 loads of show ste. rs 
sold for an average of $lt 5.0.x per. hun¬ 
dred. This tells the story, .sever before 
have the ca riots made such a strong show¬ 
ing or manifested such a lasting iiupn-s- 
sion on the visiting stockmen. Many feed¬ 
ers went home convinced that within a 
very few years nothing but young steers 
or baby beef will be rewarded by a profit¬ 
able sale and market. 
With the sheep and swine men events 
marched swiftly. A Ditroc-Jersey barrow 
bred and owned by tile Oklahoma A. A 
M. College won the championship, and 
was filler sold to the American ami Na¬ 
tional I>uroc-,IerSey Registry Association 
for 3<ie per pound. This harrow will In* 
exhibited at the* southern and western 
Winter shows and will aprupriately give 
publicity to this popular breed of fat 
swine. It is the first, time in 20 years 
that a red hog has been so honored. The 
load of 350-lb. Ilainpsliires won in the 
carlot division, although the load of 
Duroc firsts weighing 2X1 Ifis. each, sold 
for the same amount. $11 per hundred. 
The carlo! division for swine develop"*! 
the fact that the corn belt farmer appie- 
ciates what the market hog has done for 
him. and Unit this animal has ami is to¬ 
day enriching more stockmen than any 
other type or dass of live stock. 
Robert McHivi ‘11 of Canada exhibited 
the grand champion wether, a Southdown, 
carrying a wealth of flesh and quality. 
The University of Illinois was the rtin- 
ner-up. their champion Shropshire being 
the talk of the show. The carload of 
lambs, believed to be the outstaml'eg 
group, sold for $31 per hundred. Tlie 
prize lot last year sold for $10: the dif¬ 
ference in price just about represent' I he 
comparative prosperity of the sheepmen 
today as compared to a year ago. Sur ly 
the sheep and lamb business has “come 
back" very strong, and ought greatly to 
encourage the western ranchmen who 
have experienced more than their usual 
share of grief. 
The exhibit of breeding sheep has ii. v t 
been better. All of the leading breeds 
were represented by logical champions, 
while the flock and ram groups were out¬ 
standing. Unfortunately similar condi¬ 
tions did not mark the classes of breeding 
swine. Fur the most part breeders win* 
make a livelihood in the swine game hold 
their choice specimens at home during the 
mating season. Tn reality this is the 
wrong season of the year for a showing 
of breeding swine, and the management 
would be fully justified in making ri,i. s 
event entirely a barrow show. Tile Xa 
tional Swine Show should serve as tin* 
final meeting place for the breeding 
classes. Specimens go home from the In¬ 
terna tional show claiming honors that do 
not properly belong In them, especially if 
one bases bis judgment on the individual¬ 
ity of the animals on parade, and com¬ 
pares them with the real tops of the 
breed. 
The eliminating of the heavy barrows 
was an advanced step, for at previous 
shows barrows were on parade that must 
surely have had two or three birthdays. 
This year with the classification based on 
weight, it was a very simple matter to 
allow the Contender into the proper class. 
A group of exhibitors expressed a desire 
to return to age-limit classes. If a few 
changes were made in the present group¬ 
ing many are of the opinion that a weight 
division is more preferable than the age 
classification. In any event the breeding 
classes should be discontinued. This ar¬ 
rangement would • facilitate penning, and 
thus leave more space for the steer 
division, now much con jested. 
Clearly the outstanding new feature of 
the show was the complete change in the 
judging schedule, The entire arena was 
given over for use of the judges, an in¬ 
novation that enabled llu* classes to be 
properly and promptly passed upon. Beef 
cattle were paraded aud judged in the 
morning and the draft horses during the 
afternoon. No one was permitted in tin* 
arena except the holders, the clerks aud 
the judges. During other years “gues! 
buttons” permitted popular stockmen, re¬ 
porters. aud college men the privilege of 
entry Into the arena where greetings were 
exchanged and tin* snirit of the stock 
show was manifested. Very few could see 
(Continued on page 1520' 
