APPENDIX. 
357 
Also, this act says, “It is the true intent and meaning of this act to leave 
the people of the territory perfectly free to form and regulate their domes- 
tic institutions in their own way, subject only to the constitution of the 
United States, 55 not subject to the people of Missouri, or the executive, or 
both of them together. How can the true intent of this law be carried out by 
a Legislature elected as was that on the thirtieth of March last ? Yet that 
Legislature, elected from and by the people of a neighboring state, have 
assumed to pass laws for the people of Kansas, and also to “ legislate slavery 
into the territory, 55 which Congress itself professed not to have the right to 
do ; and these are the so-called laws that the President says must be en¬ 
forced, even though it require all the army and navy of the United States 
and the militia of the several states. Undoubtedly one half of this force 
will be all-sufficient to enable him to enforce any process, or to chop, shoot 
and hang all the inhabitants. But all the armies and navies in the world 
could not make the people believe he had a right to do it, or that the enact¬ 
ments of that border Legislature were binding upon the people of Kansas. 
If squatter sovereignty means simply that Congress has no right to inter¬ 
fere with the affairs of a territory, but that the executive and the people 
of another state have, then most certainly that doctrine will be very unpop¬ 
ular in Kansas. 
Other reasons might be given to show that no legal Legislature have ever 
passed laws in Kansas besides the above, as the removal of the sittings 
from Pawnee to the Shawnee Mission, which is on the Shawnee Reserve, as 
it is understood, and can, consequently, “ constitute no part of the terri¬ 
tory of Kansas. 55 The organic act provides that “ the persons having the 
highest number of legal votes in each district for members of the Council 
(or House of Representatives) shall be declared by the Governor to be duly 
elected. 55 From this decision there is no appeal, according to the act; yet 
nine persons, declared to be duly elected by the Governor, were ejected by 
the Legislature, and others admitted. But one person, it is believed, was 
duly elected by the legal voters of the territory, and he resigned his seat, 
regarding the whole body illegal. His seat was filled without an election, 
and by the Legislature; hence, probably, not one of the members of the 
body could have received the suffrages of the legal voters in the districts 
they pretended to represent. 
It is the enactments of such a body of men that the army, navy and 
militia of the country are to enforce upon the people, who were told they 
should 4 ‘ be free to form and regulate their domestic institutions in their 
own way; 55 a body of men elected by a neighboring state; who did not sit 
at the seat of government as required; who did sit at the Shawnee Mission, 
understood to form no part of the territory of Kansas; who turned out 
nine of its legally elected members and received in their stead nine persons 
not legally elected; who filled a vacancy by appointment, and not by elec- 
