82 Buffalo St., Rochester. 
41 Park Row,iNew„York, 
AMERICAN DAIRYMENS’ ASSOCIATION. 
[ 1 iris spicy and concise report, of the opening proceed¬ 
ings of the American Dairymens' Association, in annual 
meeting nr convention assembled, will bo followed by 
a synopsis or the, remaining doings on the occasion, 
“ Incog,” wemay here stale, is a gentleman well posted 
"' ll i' 1 "' !* II! Affairs of the whole country, aa 
wi m manifested in future contributions to our pages 
from lilt* able and veraatllc pen;] 
Utica, Jan. 8, 1868. 
h kibvd Moohe: —The annual meeting of the 
American Dairymens’ Association opens— now that 
it is open, for its eyes opened slowly this morning 
-as lively as shippers in cheese. I v an see that the 
dairy interest grows apace in the hearts and the 
purses of the people. They have assembled here 
this morning full throe to five hundred strong— 
these quiet, mild flavored (!) faces, which look so 
docile and absorbing. They take in everything 
which relates to cheese aa cheese takes salt or 
whey butter. It is good to look upon these men 
and women, (as the Southerners emphasize words,) 
for the women arc here too, regardless of the fact 
that New York has not made them voters yet! 
President Williams called the Association to 
order at a quarter to 12 o’clock, and proceeded to 
deliver the annual address, I suppose. Concisely 
given, it embraced these points: 
Point t. This Association was organized four 
years ago, and lM3 benefited the dairy interests of 
the country. 
2. It has not yet accomplished all its mission. 
3. American cheese has not yet reached its max¬ 
imum in quality. 
4. The interests of dairymen are endangered by 
the combinations of commercial men to control the 
sale of the product, and force the price up or down 
as suits their purposes or interests—hence there 
should be counter effort on the part of American 
dairymen to retain this power over the market bv 
MOORE’S RURAL NEW-YORKER 
AN ORIGINAL WEEKLY 
AGRICULTURAL, LITERARY AND FAMILY NEWSPAPER, 
CONDUCTED BY D. D. T. WOOBE, 
With a Corps of Able Associates and Contributors 
Hon. HENRY S. RANDALL, LL. D., 
Editor of the Department of SUcep Husbandry. 
Q. F. WILCOX and A. A. HOPKINS, Associate Editors, 
Db. DANIEL LEE and Hon. TIIEO. C. PETEP.S, 
Southern Corresponding Editors. 
HIRAM BUMPHREY and REUBEN D. JONES, 
Assistant and Commercial Editors. 
Special Contributori*. 
P. BARRY, P. R. ELLIOTT, E. W. STEWART, 
H. T. BROOKS, JOHN B. SWEET, JAMES VICK, 
MRS. MARY J. HOLMES, MRS. L. E. LYMAN. 
Tub Rural Nrw-Yof.kku is designed to be unsurpassed 
in Value, Purity, and Variety of Contents. Its Conductors 
earnestly labor to render it a Roll able Guide on the important 
Practical, Scientific and other Subjects connected with the 
business of those whose interests it zealously advocates. 
As a Family Journal it is cralneutly Instructive and Enter¬ 
taining—adapted to people of intelligence and taste in both 
Town and Country. It embraces more Agricultural, Horti¬ 
cultural, Scientific, Educational, Literary, News and Com¬ 
mercial Matter, with appropriate Illustrations, than any 
other Journal,—rendering It by far the most complete Rural, 
Literary, Family an n Business Newspaper In America. 
V AH Bus!n«8BLetters, articles for publication, etc,., should 
he addressed to Rochester, until otherwise announced. 
gy For Terms and other particulars see 6th and 8th pages, 
ISOMETRICAL VIEW OF AN ENGLISH FARM-YARD AND BUILDINGS 
Our illustration is an isometricnl view of an 
English farm-yard and buildings, designed for a 
farm of about live hundred acres, partly in tillage 
and partly in grazing. The characteristics of Kng- 
lish farming are apparent in the arrangement and 
Btyle of the bnildingB, and although we do not place 
them before our readers as a model of what is suited 
to our farming and climate, yet there arc many good 
points which it will be well to consider. The build- 
inga, it will be seen, arc of brick or stone, roofed 
with slate or tile, and are so solidly constructed that 
repairs, even, will seldom if ever be needed. They 
are grouped by a harmonious plan, so that all the 
winter operations of the farm center in one place ; 
ample yards are surrounded and sheltered, and 
all the stock and prodm.^of the farm are to¬ 
gether; yet each class hul its share of room 
separate. The buildings arc low when judged 
by American ideas of sack structures, but they 
arc not designed for storing the straw crops of the 
farm. The grain is all stacked, and it will be no¬ 
ticed that the stacks are carefully thatched and 
placed on foundations supported by wheels on a 
railway. They can be moved with little labor to the 
thrashing machine, which, with various machinery, is 
driven by a powerful stationary (5) engine. The 
straw is placed in the sheds. Connected with feed¬ 
ing houses (8) (U) are turnip bays, and roots are also 
stored in the shelter sheds fl and 10.) The stable 
for working horses (3) is contiguous to the carriage- 
house, (7,j and the carpenter’s shop (0j is near tho 
cart and tool shed (4.) The pig pens (3) with storage 
for roots, and a cooking apartment, occupy the cen¬ 
ter of the establishment. All the roomy yards are 
surrounded and amply protected by shelter sheds and 
other structures, and afford ample room for stock to 
exercise, and for piling manure. The entire estab¬ 
lishment will measure about three hundred feet in 
one direction and one hundred and fifty in the other. 
The mixture of superphosphate and crude potash- 
salts appear to be specially useful for root-crops on 
light land. Common salt enhances the efficiency of 
the superphosphate, and potash-salt, but when used 
alone, it slightly diminishes the crop. Potash-salts 
applied alone, though by no means the most desira¬ 
ble manure for potatoes, nevertheless had a better 
effect than common salt; for while the crude pot¬ 
ash-salts gave an increase of nearly 8 cwt. per acre, 
common salt produced 7 cwt. and 44 lbs. less than 
the unmanured plots on the average. 
ally sowing clover, but very rarely grain. Trim the 
trees moderately every spring, allowiug the limbs 
to come down as much as they will. When your 
team cannot get under them, keep away from them. 
I have given you the conclusions that I came to 
from my experience in farming. They may not he 
strictly orthodox, but the method is better than 
many practice. I should have added that when the 
trees get to be fifteen or twenty years old, eat out 
every other one. E . Q . P< 
SPAYING COWS 
RENOVATING WORN SOILS. 
Eds. Rural New-Yorker : —In your paper of the 
21st of December, 1887, I see an inquiry by W. II. 
Macombeii, Potsdam, N. Y., on the subject of spay¬ 
ing cows. I have been in the habit of haying cows 
and heifers spayed for fattening for several yeare. I 
had a cow spayed which was giving milk ; the oper¬ 
ation was performed in tho fall, and she had given 
milk all summer, having hail a calf early in the spring. 
After she was spayed we milked her for fifteen or six¬ 
teen months, then turned her dry on account of kick¬ 
ing habits. The winter after the operation she was 
stabled and well fed, and gave a good supply of milk, 
and during the next summer she came up to a full 
flow of milk and continued to give a full mess of 
milk anti! I commenced to dry her up. I am sat¬ 
isfied from tuy experience with this animal that if a 
COW is spayed when in full milk, and well cared for 
thereafter, she will give milk for years. If I kept 
cows for milk only, I should give it a further trial, 
hut as 1 keep cows to raise calves rather than for 
milk it is not to my interest to do so. The operation 
is not at all dangerous, as we have been in the habit 
of having more or less operated on almost overy 
year for several years, and have never lost but one. 
Keithsburg, Ill., 1868. We, P. Stronc*. 
9. Attention is attracted to the fact that the 
cheese product of the country is exceeding the 
demand of our markets. The West and South are 
making cheese for their own supply, and some for 
export. The facts indicate that a more mixed hus¬ 
bandly, or butter manufacture, must be substi¬ 
tuted for cheese production, especially in the East¬ 
ern dairy districts. And the iulimutiou was strongly 
given that the wisest will make the substitution first. 
10. Want of quality in the cheese made the past 
year has been a grievous complaint. The fact that 
this complaint has not been confined to locality, 
nor to dairymen of inferior skill, leads to the belief 
that it is due to some atmospheric condition, or to 
the character of the food as affected unfavorably by 
the season. But the real cause has. not been dis¬ 
covered. 
11. 'The President then paid proper tribute to the 
memory of Col. Seth Miller of Lewis Co., N. Y., 
a prominent member of the Association and suc¬ 
cessful dairyman. 
At the close of the President’s address the follow¬ 
ing Committees were appointed : 
On Order of Business.— Messrs. Chadwick of Ontario 
Co.; Burnham of Chautauqua Co.; Williams of Ken¬ 
tucky ; Waiker of Oswego Co.; Leech of Cheuaugo Co. 
On Nominations. — Messrs. Rives of Herkimer Co.: 
Wright of Oneida Co.; Slaughter of Orange Co.; Wood- 
worth of Wyoming Co.; Boyce of Massachusetts. 
On Finance.— Messrs. Ingraham of Jetl'ersou Co.; Smith 
Of Montgomery Co.; Bardwell of Vermont. 
On Membership.- Messrs, Bonfoy of Herkimer Co.; Al- 
vord of Onondaga Co.; Lewis of Oneida Co. 
Just prior to a motion to adjourn, calls were made 
for Lieut.-Gov. Alvord, who was present. That 
gentleman said he had come hither to participate 
in the discussions and deliberations of the Conven¬ 
tion. lie thought the importance of cooperation 
and combination had been proved, not only with 
reference to political success, but also in matters of 
business. Men had no right to tie up talents in 
napkins, nor to bide lights under bushels, Tho 
people must be educated up in their specific indus- 
Some time previous to cutting the wheat, it had 
been very dry, and tho clover was so much dried up 
that it seemed as if it would die. Immediately 
after cutting oil - the wheat I sowed plaster, at the 
rate of ouc hundred pounds to the acre, hoping 
that tliis, with the dews, might save the clover. 
The clover lived and grew finely. The next season 
mowed the clover once and pastured moderately. 
Mowed again the next seUou, with light pasturing 
until August, when l plowed eight inches, turning 
under but little beside tlie roots, and after cultiva¬ 
ting the surface with drag and cultivator, sowed to 
wheat again. From this iiarvested seventeen bush¬ 
els to the acre. Went through the same process 
again for the next two seasons, and harvested 
twenty-two bushels of wheat to the acre. Thus 
doubling the yield of wheat by the plaster and tho 
clover roots; for there was veiy little else of the 
clover to turn under. Should no doubt have done 
better by turning under tim whole of the second crop 
of clover, hut was rathei short of pasture, and this 
was a tine place for calves uud a little favorite stock. 
If your correspondent’s land has heart enough to 
bring clover, it can be enriched with very little ex- 
peusc. I would suggest to him, further, to purchase 
in the spring a thousand winter apple trees—nine 
hundred and ninety-uino Baldwius, and then go 
buck and get the other one a Baldwin—and set them 
twenty-one feet apart. Put three or four forks full 
of manure around each tree—not directly against 
tbe tree—every spring, and hoe or spade a circle of 
six feet around each tree every fall. By llic time lie 
has taken off His two or three crops of wheat, his 
trees will be so large that he should cultivate tho 
ground, for the benefit of the trees, in hoed crops ; 
manuring as his facilities will permit, and occasion- 
PREPARE YOUR ACCOUNT BOOKS. 
Eds. Rural :—As the old year has closed it will 
be good policy to have our farm books balanced 
and looking neat, so that our particular friends who 
visit us will pass many comments on our skill and 
punctuality when they are looking them over. But 
of course this advice will not apply to those negli¬ 
gent farmers who have not kept any account of their 
doings, but, to those prudent ones who have a cor¬ 
rect record of every transaction made during the 
year. Perhaps a few general hints will not come 
amiss to some who are not acquainted with the art 
of book-keeping, and I will give a few this week. 
The first rule in book-keeping is: Dr., the things in 
hand and persons owing you, and Cr., stock (or per- 
sou doing business); and rule second is, Dr., stocks 
(or person doing business) for all your obligations, 
and Cr., each person or thing for amount of such 
obligations. Rule third and last is: Dr., the thing 
received or the receiver, and Cr., what is parted 
with or what produced it. By strictly adhering to 
these rules you can take inventory of all your live 
stock, real estate, cash, tools, Ac. o. w. A. 
