wil don’t believe a word of it,— for have we not the 
whole Quartenary system to plow up ? Let us see: 
There are along our main rivers wide belts of loess 
that we shall mainly plant to vineyards. This is 
from ten to sixty feet deep, and of course will take 
some time to plow down to the bottom. Then 
there is the prairie drift of ten to fifty feet or more, 
and under this the uniform layer of tertiary, filled 
with the wreck of ancient forest, forming a soil at 
least equal to your Genesee Valley. When we get 
the surface worked out, it is a question for our heirs 
Some may usk why not lay down the whole length 
of these amis the third year; why prune so elose 
and then grow wood again for their extension ?— 
Simply, because the vine is not strong enough to bear 
such forcing, and that vigorous uprights could, not 
be grown the next year on such a length of arm. 
The pruning of the vine at the end of the third year’s 
growth consists In cutting the upright canes down 
to one bud, and shortening those for extending the 
arms. After being pruned it will present the appear¬ 
ance of Tig. 5. The bases of the upright canes cut 
The principles which govern the correct pruning 
of the vine are well understood by American vine- 
yardists, but the majority of our farmers who culti¬ 
vate grapes merely for family use scorn, as their 
practice intimates, to be tolerably muddled iu their 
ideas of training and trimming. It is seldom one 
sees a well trained grape vine in a farmer’s garden, 
and as rarely does the owner thereof know how to 
train the vine properly. Yet It is a very simple 
operation, requiring care and attention rather than 
hard labor. Owe must likewise begin with the 
planting of the vine, and work with correct knowl¬ 
edge, and a clear idea of what lie wishes to achieve. 
Bv the aid of the engravings we have made to illus¬ 
trate the subject, we hope to make It clear to every 
reader who has an interest in it. 
We will start with the planting of the vine, and 
that is the only place of beginning, for in undertak- 
ingto renovate an old and badly trained vine, the best 
way is to cut it so as to force out shoots from near 
the ground, and practically deal with it then as with 
one newly planted. Fig. 1 represents a strong vine 
One of the most delicious of '©nr fruits, and yet 
one of the worst neglected, is the apricot. Nearly 
as hardy as the peach in respect to wood and blos¬ 
som, its fruit tfinds in the eureulio an unsparing 
enemy; this is the greatest drawback to its more 
general introduction. We h«Ac now in mind an 
apricot tree, which grew thriftily, blossomed freely 
year after year; the fruit set, grew to half size, and 
then fell beneath t^hc punctures of its insect de¬ 
stroyer. One season, only, did we see fruit, on that, 
tree; it escaped the eureulio, and bore a full crop of 
splendid aprioots. It grew in a rich, deep, and rather 
moist soil, and died of old age after a healthy life, 
and excepting the one time, invariably yielded its 
full crop to the eureulio. 
Ripening as it does from one to two months ear¬ 
lier than any peaches, autl being of delicious quality, 
healthy, and every way acceptable, it is very desira¬ 
ble to grow the apricot for market in quantities 
that will furnish a tolerable supply. We think it 
can scarcely be done iu this, climate except in houses, 
or by the side of walls and tight feuces. Wc can no 
longer depend on the peach even to succeed with 
common orchard culture. And it is a question 
worthy of some investigation to what extent these 
line fruits may be cultivated for market, under the 
shelter of walls, aud yield a profitable return. In 
properly chosen locations, with skillful and intelli¬ 
gent culture, we tbiuk both peaches and apricots 
might be grown by the side of protective walls, and 
yield a fair return for the outlay. Shelter should be 
provided against extreme cold, espalier training 
practiced, and the eureulio warded off by systematic 
care. The pruning of apricots and peaches should 
be alike. Cultivators say the apricot is more thrifty 
and healthy when budded on the plum stock, than 
any other. It is not liable to disease, and is dis¬ 
posed to hear fruit most abundantly. 
Some of the best varieties are the Black, which is of 
medium size, round, pule red where shaded and 
nearly black iu the sun. It is hardy and productive. 
Breda, rather below medium size, flesh deep orange, 
surface orange, early, high flavored, and very produc¬ 
tive. Early Golden, small, pale orange color, good 
flavor, and said to be profitable for market. Large 
Early , medium size, pale orange, rich, juicy, ripens 
early. Moorpark, large (two inches in diameter,) 
color orange, with red cheek, juicy, rich Uavor, 
season two weeks after midsummer. Jiach, another 
very large variety, resembling the Moorpark. There 
are many other varieties, but the list given is suf¬ 
ficient. 
The Best Yeast in the World.— Boil a pint howl 
full of hops in two gallons of water; strain and add 
a teucupful of flour, one of brown sugar, a teaspoon¬ 
ful of salt. No yeast is required to raise it. Let it 
stand three days in a warm place, uiuj it will then 
begin to foam. Then boil three lhs. of potatoes, 
mash line, and add them to the yeast, and stir the 
whole well together; then put it into a jug and cork 
tiyht and set in a eool place. It should be made at 
least two weeks before using, and it will keep good 
any length of time, and grow better alt the while. 
A small tcacupful is sufficient for six loaves of bread. 
When this is gone, make a new jug full in the same 
way, and keep it corked tight, and you never need 
go to the baker’s or brewer’s for yeast. Since writing 
the above, my wife opened a large bottle full of this 
yeast, that had been sealed and put iu the cellar for 
more than a year, and the usual quantity raised her 
bread splendidly.—II. A. P. 
Figure 5. 
and assigns whether they will manure the old sur¬ 
face and bring it up to grade, or dig down to the 
next layer; that is a question for posterity, not us, 
to answer. 
Our people are beginning to talk of planting forest 
trees ou a large scale. You will recollect that many 
people think Nature slighted us in that respect, and 
we propose to make amends fur Nature. The Euro¬ 
pean Larch, will no doubt figure largely in this 
enterprise, while arbor vit.te, the maple, ash, black 
walnut, the oaks, tulip and other native trees, will 
also have a place. Taking our several industries in 
hand, you sec. that we shall have plenty of work for 
some time, if not longer. If you have any extra 
away will .project from the arms, and are called 
spurs; they are intended to be permanent and to grow 
each year a cane for hearing fruit. The fourth year 
then, an upright cane will be grown .from each of the 
spurs, and also four more from the additions made 
to the horizontal arms. Each cane will carry three 
bunches of fruit. At the end of this year we will 
consider that our vine has reached the limits of its 
extension, and all we have to do in the future is to 
maintain it in the same shape. Practically, however, 
it should take a year or two more to extend the hor¬ 
izontal arms to the desired length, but as the pro¬ 
cess is only a repetition of the third year’s operations 
we will not consider it further. 
To Make Buckwheat Short-Cakes.— Take 3 cups 
buttermilk; 1 tablespoon salt; 1 of soda; stir in 
buckwheat flour until it is ns thick as you cau 
conveniently stir with a spoon; then butter a com¬ 
mon sized bake-pan, pour in your hatter; put it 
directly in the oven; bake 30 minutes. Serve while 
hot; it can he eaten by any dyspeptic with safety. 
Inquiries. — Will some Rural reader inform me 
howto color sheep shins after being tanned? Can 
they be colored in hot dye without injuring the 
leather side? 
Ivory-Handled Knives. — To take stains out of 
ivory-handled knives, rub them with moistened 
salt.— Mrs. J. M. S., Locust Grove, Wis. 
Figure 1. 
as it is pruned for planting; it is cut down to two 
eyes or buds, each of which will throw out a shoot. 
The first year, however, we only desire to grow one 
cane, and the second bud is left to ensure against 
accident. When the young shoots are two or three 
inches long, the weaker should be rubbed off. If 
possible, it is better to save the lower one. A stake 
should be planted near it, and the shoot carefully 
trained and tied to it as it grows. The lateral shoots 
must be pinched when they attain a couple of 
leaves, so as to throw the growth iuto the main 
cane, which we desire to grow strong and thoroughly 
mature. Fig. 2 shows the vine after it has made the 
first year’s growth, and is ready for pruning. The 
Pickles. —To prevent scum rising on pickles put 
in a little horse radish root. 
Buckwheat Cakes. —Stir them up with good 
yeast and water that potatoes have been boiled in. 
One cup of yeast will last, for months by leaving a 
pint or so of batter, and adding the warm potato 
water every night and a little salt and soda in the 
morning.— Sue. 
Fig. 6 represents a fall grown or completed tine at 
the end of the season. The winter pruning of this 
from year to year, is 6imply the cutting of the up¬ 
right eanes just above the lowest hud, leaving the 
vine as it appears in Fig. 5; the summer pruning 
consists in rubbing off superfluous shoots, if any 
appear, in pinching the laterals of the upright canes 
and their extremities when they reach the top of the 
trellis, By cutting the canes to the lowest hud the 
spurs will he lengthened a trifle each year, aud if 
they become inconveniently long they may be. cut 
close to the horizontal arm, and a cane trained up 
from dormant buds which will be forced to break by 
this treatment. 
This system of pruning and training affords a 
chance for all the fruit a vine should bear; it is 
grown from one level and therefore each hunch and 
leaf has an equal chance in the amount of sap ; the 
pruning is easily and rapidly done, and the general 
appearance of the vine is graceful and pleasing.— 
Next week we will show how this system may be 
applied to covering a high trellis, wall, or Bide of a 
building. 
hands, send them along; but we don’t want'any of 
your map, book, tree, pill, lightning-rod, or patent- 
right peddles.—for we have set the scum of our 
own population at the light aud elegant employ¬ 
ments. What we want is men of muscle and brains, 
who are not afraid of labor, and don’t blush to Fhow 
toil-worn hands aud sun-browned brows. We have 
a good deal to do with the real, active duty of pol¬ 
ishing up these great prairies,—for you know when 
the All Father gave the prairies, the last great landed 
gift, to man, He left them in a condition for us to 
show some taste in suiting them to our wants. In 
the sinious belts of river forests aud the prairie 
grove, He gave us some idea of how He would plant 
and shelter the country; yet on the whole there is 
a wide margin for our enterprise and genius, but it 
takes labor—just now one of our needs, m. l. d. 
For Chapped Hands—A Seasonable Eccipe .— 
“About this time,” as the old Farmers’ Almanac 
hath it, “look out for” chapped hands and kindred 
ailments. The following remedy is prescribed by an 
exchange, and is doubless of some efficacy: — For 
chapped hands, wash them well, and, without using 
a to wel, apply a small quantity of honey and rub in 
well. Use once a day, and it will make the hand 
very soft, aud cure as well as prevent chapped ham 
Good Hair Oil. —Take a teaeupful of fresh T 
lard and a teacup of water; simmer them to 
until the water is all gone, then coot; I 
white of au egg to a froth and add to the I 
them thoroughly, aud perfume to suit y 
Eds. Rural New-Yorker: — In your issue of 
Dec. 7, the subject of Root-Grafting the Apple is 
treated at some length. The posit iou seems to he 
viewed from this stand point: profit or gain purely 
to the nurserymen, and I would not entirely ignore 
that class of men nor their interests us I belong to 
that craft. In 1840 I began in a small way the prop¬ 
agation of fruit trees, and like all others at the time 
went in the same direction and root-grafted my 
apples, as by that means my seedlings would go two 
and sometimes three times as far, by making two or 
even three trees from one seedling. The writer in 
the article referred to, says “much time is saved” 
by doing the work in winter when time in the nur¬ 
sery is comparatively worth little, aud more than 
this, nearly twice the money can be realized from 
the outlay by root-graft lug. On closer examining 
trees that were taken up after a few years, I found 
the roots were not well balanced on those grafted on 
seedlings cut off in sections of two or three inches, 
while those that were budded (for wa worked 
some both ways) were well balanced with roots 
in every direction, running from the tap root 
its whole length. When the tap root is cut away 
the tree being destitute of support to hold it in an 
upright position and the roots necessarily nearer the 
surface, there is a struggle with vegetation for a 
little nourishment from the soil; lienee the feeble 
and sickly appearance of an orchard of root-grafted 
trees, standing at an angle of forty-five degrees when 
taken from the nursery and set in the way that nine- 
tenths are set. 
This is not the best way to propagate. When the 
roots arc cut up in sections the constitution of the 
tree is necessarily enfeebled, and the purchaser and 
planter of root-grafted trees reaps only disappoint¬ 
ment and regret. I once asked a nurseryman if he 
considered root-grafted trees as good as those that 
arc budded; his reply was, “No, most of them will 
die, and wc can sell right over again.” I am ashamed 
that such men are found in the profession. In the 
first paragraph of the above-mentioned article the 
writer says: —"If the planter were to raise his own 
trees it would probably be preferable to grow seed¬ 
lings and graft the stocks or top, and this plan might 
be adopted, we tbiuk, with very good result." Here 
the writer concedes the point that seedlings can he 
worked with good results by the farmer. Why not 
by the nurseryman? In the second paragraph he 
says: —‘* Beautiful trees in immense numbers are pro¬ 
duced in the nurseries,” Ac. Yes, we concede that 
in the nursery where the soil is strong and free from 
weeds or vegetation uf any kind, the root-grafted 
trees look well, but when transplanted to the or¬ 
chard on the broad prairie and the sweeping winds 
work the tree with defective roots in the loose soil, 
what is the result ? One which no doubt the West¬ 
ern planters view with much regret. 
The writer also present? t he case purely from the 
stand point of gain to the producer, and we fear 
without duly considering the demands of the pur¬ 
chaser. and I here submit the question whether sell¬ 
ing root-grafted or imperfect trees, for I can cull 
them by no other name, has not had much to do 
with disorganizing the trade and weakening the con¬ 
fidence iu this very useful department in American 
Husbandry. 1 will add that from my experience and 
observation for many years I consider root grafted 
apple trees imperfect, and the planter should always 
reject them as such. These views were published a 
number of years ago, and I have not had occasion to 
change^them. I would not set a root-grafted tree 
for myself, nor do I think there is a nurseryman iu 
the country, of twenty years’ experience and elose 
observation, who would not much prefer an apple 
tree that is worked on wkuhd seedling stocks to set 
for himself. Aud if all nursery men would adopt bud¬ 
ding or grafting on whole seedling stocks, hundreds 
of thousands of trees would be saved that now perish 
before the fifth year after'being planted in the or¬ 
chards. A want of popular confidence is the result 
of violating natural laws, J. D. Conklin. 
NEW ADVEETISEME 
B EKR.Y AST) CltAI’E ROY 
of Warren & Rix is cloned; aud ! 
box for less price than heretofore offer-a 
sr. u> ss v qooo. Address B. c. waki: . 
RE KINGTON .t CABI-OW. Townsend i 
E. J. E. Niven, Adams county, Iowa, asks infor¬ 
mation respecting planting chestnuts for groves. 
When planted, with the purpose of transplanting at 
some future day, It is customary to prepare a seed 
bed of good mold and place the nuts in it during 
the autumnal months—say some time iu November, 
before the hard freezing commences. The seed 
should be covered two inches deep—one will do if a 
good coating of leaves is added for winter protec¬ 
tion. In the spring the mulching may be partially 
removed and fresh earth supplied an inch or two 
deep. The ground selected, if not naturally dry or 
freed from standing water, should be well under- 
drained, as the plants will grow more rapidly for 
this preparation. The seed should be planted about 
six inches apart in the rows for the purpose of facili¬ 
tating cultivation 
Figure 2. Figure 3. 
cross marks indicate where the knife should bo ap¬ 
plied. The cane has grown from the lower bud, 
and the arm of old wood above must be cut away. 
The cane itself is cut down t.o three buds. The 
novice may ask what has been gained by the sea¬ 
son’s growth, as the pruned vine has only one bud 
more than when planted a year ago. We have 
gained strength of root sufficient to grow two good 
eanes the second year instead of one. There are 
three buds saved, all of which, if nothing happens, 
will grow. As we only wish to grow two canes, one 
of the shoots must be rubbed off'when the others 
are safely started. 
These two canes must be tied to the stakes, the 
laterals pinched, and in every respect treated 
similar to the one cane grown the preceding year. 
In September the tips of the eanes should he pinched 
to check the growth aud mature the wood. Fig. 3 
represents the vine at the end of the second year’s 
growth, and ready for pruning. The cross marks 
show where it is to be pruned. The canes are each 
left twenty inches or two feet long, and the third 
year are to be bent down horizontally to form the 
arms of the vine. The stake is now to he removed, 
and a trellis built, the lower slat or wire of which 
should be about a foot from the ground. Four or 
four and a half feet is sufficient in height. The best 
form of trellis is that haViug a top and bottom rail, 
with wires stretched perpendicularly between them. 
The arms being laid out and fastened on the lower 
rail or wire of the trellis, the object of the cultiva- 
JENT FREE.-CATALOGUE Of liOK * 
Rural Labor—Fruit Culture—Shipping Fruit East—Variety 
aud Abundance of Fruit—Water Power and Coal Mines- 
inviting Manufactures—Cheap Laud, Dear Labor, and 
not Nice Farming—Planting Forest Trees—Plenty of 
Work—Laborers Wanted—The Prairies, &c.. Ac. 
Champaign, III., Jan. 2, 1808. 
Eds. Rural New-Yorker; —Iu no part of your 
“Bailiwick” has there been such important changes 
in the direction of rural labor as are now presented 
in this State. But yesterday our industrial wealth 
consisted of corn, wheat, oats, beef, pork and wool. 
Now we are deep in orchard and grape planting, and 
the culture of the small fruits. Our Pomologists 
have about stripped all the Eastern nurseries of 
pears, grape vines and small fruits, and yet they arc 
looking for more new things. If wc grow less beef 
and porlc, wc shall not diminish the quantity shipped, 
for we shall consume less, making up the difference 
of home consumption in fruit. 
With our better system of handling, the use of 
improved packages, aud shipping in refrigerating 
cars, we shall soon begin to send the products of 
our orchards and small fruit gardens to your homo 
markets; why not? We now send you dressed beef 
and pork in similar cars—then why not strawberries, 
raspberries, peaches, pears, grapes and early apples ? 
By the tenth of May you may have strawberries by 
the car load; by the first of June cherries and rasp¬ 
berries, and iu a few weeks more, apples, and by the 
first of August peaches and pears. If you will just 
figure up the quantity that you used thereaway, and 
make out your order, our planters will respond. 
Our fruit garden stretches through four hundred 
miles of latitude, Over which the season marches at 
a very even pace, of about twelve miles a day. We 
thus make a long season of the strawberry and other 
fruits, and can supply you from May 5th to late in 
July with this fruit alone. We can give you peaches 
from August 1st to the November elections, and 
M. O’Keefe, Son* Co., Seedumeu & Florists, BocIh-m-i • -■ 
l^EYV SEED CATALOGUE FOR - *U- 
* J. 3VI. THORBURW & CO., 
No. 15 JOHN STREET, NEW YOIli- 
Have tilts pleasure to announce tbat their 
ANNEAL CATALOGUE 
OF VEGETABLE AND AGRICULTURAL SEEDS 
For the new year, will be ready for mailing to all applicants 
til January. 088-4t 
When one or two years old the 
plants may he removed and planted out with the 
roots cut back somewhat if considerably developed. 
Some prefer cutting back in any event, but this is 
not absolutely essential. In planting the nuts some 
supervision is necessary, uftor they are in the 
ground, as squirrels have a rare knack in scenting 
out this species of food and in “removing the depos- 
ites” without consulting the planter in the premises. 
When a roadway, lane or side of a field is to be bor¬ 
dered by chestnuts, the seed may he deposited at 
once in the proper places and cultivated there with¬ 
out the necessity of transplanting. With suitable 
care there will be no trouble in raising a tree border 
by this process. 
3 (Will (Wifi GRAPE VINE CUTTING!*.— 
Concord, Hartford, 1 v<V Seedling aud 
Norton Virginia, cheaper ihun anywhere elm.*. Also, ioo.OW 
Grape Vines. Sond <tumn for LTicn List and Essay. 
WS?-2t Du. H, SCHRODER, Bloomington, HI. 
B IOOMINGTON NURSERY. 
17th] 10 Green Houses. 350 Acres. [Year. 
Fruit, Ornamental and Nurskrt Stock— General as¬ 
sortment. Dwakk and Standard Turks -including 200,000 
line, cheap yem-llng Apple, Pear, admirable for ]m*gc 
Maiitiilloiia or distant market-. Bt.u.'R nit t: sues—KU tatlnriv. 
Wilson'* Early. Missouri Mammoth. B^SPBKBKien— DoollV 
tl.*, < larke, hlllsdale, Guidon nip, PtUla'kdpIiia, Thornless. 
Str\ wBERKies—Jucujids, Wilson. *•:. Gu.u-ks— Concord. 
Delaware, lve»', Norton, Rogers’ Hybrids, especially No. 1 
Crm.vn i 
— Apple, Pear, Quince. Plum. Cherry. Rlaok. Walnut, 
Pic m u and Aium.e Sbed. Okaok Orange Sued and Plants 
Kvkiigrekxb, Shade Thicks, swims, OLIaiuers, Roses— 
Best Stock, Largest Assortment wc know—WJO Varieties lu- 
clttding Giant, Marshal Kiel, Madam ( Has. Wood,Gen. Wash¬ 
ington,&o. JJ\ttUAs, Gladioli a, Vkhuknas. Bedding and 
Greenhouse Punt.-. Send 8 rod stamps for 3< ataloeues 
*17-11 F. K. PHOENIX, Bloomington. McLean Co..Ill 
HORTICULTURAL NOTES 
. Fruit Growers’ Society or Western New York,— 
The Fruit Growers’ Society of Western New York will 
hold its next annual meeting at the Court House in the 
city of Rochester, January 29th, at 11 o'clock A. M. 
There will be an exhibition of fruit in saason. 
A WHO DKHIItK TO UAVK OlTt ANNUAL 
iU Famnldot. describing our Gold Medal Separators. Farm 
Engines, Portable Circular Saw Mills. Horse Powers, &<• will 
please give their names and 1‘. O. address, mid they will be 
accommodated free of charge. Address ROBINSON MA¬ 
CHINE WORKS, Richmond, Indiana. 938-lteo 
Curious Theory Respecting Pruning Grapes.— The 
London Gardeners’ Chronicle has advanced the theory, 
founded, it stutes, on repeated experiments in vineries, 
that if vines are pruned in September while the leaves 
are on they will ripen their fruit the ensuing year fifteen 
days earlier. If such pruning tends to diminish the 
vitality of the plant it. is possible the fruit might ripen 
earlier, but in the end the vine would he ruined. 
1 I*ARMERS AND FARMERS’ SONS W ANTED 
to engage lit n.business, during the Winter,paying from 
4150 to 1200 nor month. Address ZEIGLEU, MeCUKDY & 
CO., No. (IU Arch Street, Philadelphia, Pa. 936-21 
I IS THE BEST TIME TO SUBSCRIBE, 
Yon can get for $2.50 a year, The American Agri¬ 
culturist and 
THE WEEKLY EVENING POST, 
or for $3 you can get The Riverside Magazine and the 
WEEKLY EVENING POST. 
Address, WM. C. BRYANT & CO„ 
938-2t Publishers of The Evening Post, New York. 
CibUi Apples. — The Yellow Crab Apple is a very orna¬ 
mental t ree when in blossom, and also when displaying 
Us load of golden fruit in autumn. It. is hardy, a good 
bearer, and the fruit is very useful. The Large Red is 
not so showy, but the fruit is equal to the preceding. 
The Small Red is beautiful iu blossom and fruit. It is 
more dwarfed in growth and its fruit is inferior. They are 
all useful and beautiful decorations of the garden or lawn. 
\ YOUNG MAN DESIRES' TO HUY A SMALL 
1 * arm, or work a large one •• on shares.” tan give good 
references. Wishes to be near a Presbyterian Church. 
Address .1. 1*. BUNNELL, New Providence, N. J. 
Figure 4, 
T he pictorial double number 
PnmENni.ooD'AL Journal for January — New Vol¬ 
ume—is rich in good rending, and profusely illustrated with 
portraits. Sketches of Patrick Henry, Edward Everett, F. 
W. Robertson, Fltz Greene Halleek, with the eidef Kings, 
Queens »ud Emperors of Knropr. H»v« of Culture iii tlm 
Ministry; Napoleon on suicide : fan Idiot Trained; A Day 
on James Island ; Florida Indiana; Oliver Cromwell; A 
Stuck-Up Nose: Our Country; The Liou. Lioness and Cuba 
Character ami Habits; A Quaker Wedding; Pedestrian- 
lam; An Oder of Marriage: The Prince imperial; with Phy- 
Bloguomy. Physiology, Ethnology, Psychology and Social Set- 
emu.-. Only #3 a year, or :«> cents a number. Address 3. i;. 
WELLS, 389 Broadway, New York. Now is the time to sub* 
cribu. 931-2t 
Magnolias,— The following kinds may be considered 
hardy enough to -land a New England winter:— Glauca, 
acuminata, trlpctuta or wnhdlata, auriculata or JProwri, 
cor dal a, macroplujlla, (precariously hardy,) conepicua, 
Soulargiana. and the many hybrids lmlween these two,— 
Thompsoniana. purpurea (after the plants are well estab¬ 
lished.) glauca longi/otia , und the varieties of purpurea 
subject to the same limitation as the species. M. Lenne 
has not yet been fully tested, hut is probably hardy. 
growth. The upright vines growing from the hori¬ 
zontal arms should he from seven to ten inches 
apart, depending somewhat ou the variety. Some 
skill aud care will be required to start these upright 
eanes at proper and equal distances. If the wood 
of the arms has been properly grown it will be short- 
jointed and the buds thiek enough so that no diffi¬ 
culty will he experienced. In the spring it is a good 
plan to bow the arms a little, bending the extremi¬ 
ties downward, in order to have the hulls start even¬ 
ly. The reason of this is that the sap tends strong¬ 
est to Hie extremities of the vine, and the shoots 
there will rob those further back. Bending the ends 
down prevents this. When the buds break strongly 
those for the upright canes should be Bdected and 
the rest rubbed off. 
grapes until January. By the use of shelter belts, 
deep culture, surface draining, and the abandon¬ 
ment of the old system of pruning, we make the 
prairie teem with the apple, and when you have 
short crops in the Valley of the Genesee, we shall 
be pleased to supply you. 
Our water - power and coal mines are inviting 
manufactures, -which give us an additional home 
demand. The Rock and Fox rivers arc valuable mill 
streams, second to few in the Union, and the whole 
volume of the Mississippi at Moline, can he harnessed 
to busy wheels, while coal is had almost for the 
simple mining. The Pacific railroad is soon to pour 
the commerce of the world through our borders, 
which will bring new mouths to feed, and require a 
new division of our labor. 
We do not expect at present to do any large 
amount of nice fanning- and high culture,— for we 
have cheap lands and dear labor; therefore we shall 
get out of the land all we can with the smallest 
amount of labor. Wc know you tell us this is bad 
economy, aud that our lands will wear out. Bah t— 
btcuEssioN of Small Fi;uits. — Few have a constant 
and abundant, supply of small fruits. All might have who 
cultivate land. Strawberries, currants, raspberries, goose¬ 
berries, blackberries and cherries will supply the tabic 
every day in tho year with -wholesome fruit. Occupants 
of uew farms may have plenty of fruit the second season. 
Now is the time to study the subject, make a plan of 
yonr fruit garden, fence it, select varieties, and then next 
spring be sure anil plant. Tho crime of forcing your 
family to live without plenty of fruit deserves severe 
penalties; if persisted in, discontent, bad tempers, and 
sickness will surely result. 
AUCTION SALE OF CIITsWUM) EYVES.— 
tY Haring sold my farm situated l.H miles cast of Union 
Springs, Cayuga Un., N. y., 1 shall sell at Vendue, on Tm kb- 
Da v, Jan. 23d. :SGH, 250 Long YVuoLKt) Can.» da Ewes, In lamb 
by thorough-bred atul Imported Cotswold Bucks. Al-o will 
be sold nt Hie same time Fanning Tools, Household Furni¬ 
ture. Ac- G. II. CHASE. 
CifPersons can reach Union Springs by leaving N.V. C. 
HR. at Cayuga Bridge. IKM-2t 
F OR SALE.-A FARM OF 195 ACRES. SITU- 
ated four miles south of Clyde, Wayne Co.. N. V. Is a 
eood Grain or Stock Farm; lias good oatbuUdiuii*: Is well 
watered; plenty qf timber and good fruit; is a desirable 
locution, will sell all, or part. Terms easy. For particu¬ 
lars, address P. M. Dk ZENG, Clyde, Wayne Co., N. Y. 
These uprights should he treat¬ 
ed precisely as the canes growu to the stake; the 
laterals pinched, and the ,cnds also when they reach 
the top of the trellis. The shoots ou the ends de¬ 
signed for extending the arms next year should he 
trained along the lower bar or wire, and the laterals 
also pinched. 
Vick’s Catalogue. — This famous illustrated Floral 
Guide, for lkliS, is received. It contains more practical 
information about the varieties of flowers aud vegetables, 
with hints for tb< tr culture, aud is better illustrated, than 
any book we know of Ibat can lie obtained for a dollar at 
a bookstore. Tho ft’ontlspecc is finely printed in colors. 
A DAY FOR ALI, 
tiles free. Address A 
STENCIL TOO 1. SAM 
.1- KCLLAM. Sprlnglirid, Vt. 
Prune Graves when the weather is mild and the vines 
are not frozen. Pruning shears are handier than knives. 
UTUlY.1l E.Vr 1 SIO A DAY AND BXPKN- 
sea paid, circulars D ec. O. T. GAREY, Biddium d, Me, 
1 
1 
J 
i 
u 
p? A 
i—J 
