82 Buffalo St., Rochester. 
41 Park Row, New York, 
FOR THE WEEK ENDING SATURDAY, JANUARY 11, 1868 
AMONG THE STUMPS NEW SERIES.-H, 
Condition A fleets Character. 
It is due to a majority of the settlers in all new 
countries to remember that they commence fanning 
with a very short allowance of u this world’s goods.” 
I do not refer to dry goods, that have doubled up on 
us, in variety and worthlessness, since the days of 
our grandmothers,— (this is a mean insinuation that 
these things are mainly feminine, and I am half 
ashamed of it, for boys' expenses have increased faster 
than girls, reckoning their tobacco, and things worse, 
if worse is possible, parent of vices as it is.) I wish 
to say, and nobody can comment fairly on the fann¬ 
ing of a section settled within thirty years without 
sayiug it, that almost without exception the Inhabi¬ 
tants here began poor. 
Multitudes of men, in every part of our country, 
in the early periods of its history, have bought their 
land mainly on credit. Their struggles with poverty 
and the wilderness, have been heroic t The spirit 
with which they meet labors and privations, is as 
invincible as ever Roman or Grecian brave dsiplayed. 
Our national character ought, to be wonderfully 
strengthened by our rough school of experience, and 
it is. Our bones are harder, joints closer, muscles 
stronger and tougher, flesh firmer, bruin larger and 
more active, for what we and our fathers have gone 
through. Our nation is now fitted for great enter¬ 
prises — the executive force is here that may, if 
properly directed, lead the world in agriculture, aids, 
manufactures, improvements, and rise to the great¬ 
est heights of science and literature. Force is de¬ 
veloped by severe discipline; witness Dr. W inship, 
Heenan and Flora Temple. But force may take the 
wroDg direction as well as the right. As our capa¬ 
bilities and opportunities are, so are our dangers. 
The strength that might lift a large stick, may 
knock a man down, very injuriously to both parties. 
The executive and impulsive force that might mend 
roads, beautify grounds, educate and moralize a 
neighborhood, may exhaust itself in rowdyism, or 
plunge the possessor deep in the mire of pollution 
and crime. Our young men are in great danger’. 
Like their fathers they have ft great deal of individ¬ 
uality. They arc ready to strike off where fancy 
leads, rind go with a rush. Young America needs a 
curb bit. Parental discipline, while it should be 
kind and generous, should be firm, discreet, and 
begin early. Public men, especially, should be careful 
of the examples they set, and public morals guarded 
most assiduously, and by every possible means. 
It would be melancholy indeed, if the admirable 
opportunities for a vigorous, manly and healthy de¬ 
velopment, which our uew country has afforded, 
should be misimproved. Such a school for the 
training of a nation may never be found again. 
There remains in the wide world no domain favored 
like ours with every variety of soil, climate, and 
natural advantages to which au adventurous people 
can go to work out a splendid career! Never, per¬ 
haps, again, will energy and industry he rewarded 
by such magnificent prizes. Choice locations are or 
were everywhere to be found,—water-powers, mines, 
and forests richer and better than miues, prairies all 
ready for the plow, lands bordering navigable rivers, 
MOOEE’S EUEAL NEW-YORKER 
AN ORIGINAL WEEKLY 
AGRICULTURAL, LITERARY AND FAMILY NEWSPAPER, 
CONDUCTED BY D. D. T. MOORE, 
With a Corps of Able Associates and Contributors 
hon. henry s. randall, ll. d., 
Editor ol' the Department of Sheep Husbandry. 
G. F. WILCOX AND A. A. HOPKINS/Associate Editors, 
Db. DANIEL LEE AND Hon. THEO. ( . PETERS, 
Southern Corresponding Editors. 
BIRAM BUMPHREY and REUBEN D. JONES, 
Assistaui and Commercial Editors. 
Special Contributors. 
P. BARRY, F. R, ELLIOTT, E. W. STEWART, 
H. T. BROOKS, JOHN E. SWEET, JAMES TICK, 
MRS. MARY J. HOLMES, MRS. L. E. LYMAN. 
Tub Rural Nkw-Yorkkk Is designed to be unsurpassed 
in Value, Parity, and Variety of Contents. Its Conductors 
earnestly labor to render it a Reliable Guide on the Important 
Practical, Scientific and other Subjects connected with the 
business of those whose interests it zealously advocates. 
As a Family Journal it Is eminently Instructive and Enter¬ 
taining.—adapted to people of Intelligence and taste In both 
Town aud Country. It embraces more Agricultural, Horti¬ 
cultural, Scientific, Educational, Literary, News and Com¬ 
mercial Matter, with appropriate Illustrations, than any 
other journal,—rendering it by far the most complete Rural, 
Litkeary, Family and Business Nkwspapeb in America. 
ZfT for Terms atul other particulars see Bth and Sth pages, 
The world lives by labor. Labor supplies us with 
both the necessaries and the luxuries of life. Nearly 
all that we eat, much that we drink, ami all that we 
wear, are made available by human toil. The elegant 
mansion, the beautiful lawn, diversified by shrub¬ 
bery, and the splendid equipage, are all traceable to 
the same creative means. But for labor, gold would 
remain unv, "rhed from the sand or Imbedded in the 
unyielding rock. Without labor art and science 
would have no recognized existence. 
Does the devouring fire sweep through cit ies, de¬ 
stroying inillious and tens of millions of property, 
bringing poverty aud misery upon thousands of 
human beings? It destroys only that which the 
labor of man has created. Take the unlettered bar¬ 
barian on the one hand aud the enlightened man on 
the Other: the difference between the two must he 
attributed to labor. Taking another view, let us 
prepare to start the race of life anew. Let us divest 
ourselves of everything supplied by human labor. 
Let us burn all the houses, sink all the vessels, tear 
up all the railroads, aud consign to total destruction 
all that the hand of man has fashioned aud created. 
Is there anything charming in the situation ? How 
many would like to go back to it ? Civilized man 
has made his advances by physical and mental labor 
combined — certainly not less by physical than by 
mental, But we will not undertake to separate 
them,—for they are inseparable. This combination 
of the two classes of labor in harmonious propor¬ 
tions most effectually contributes to man’s worldly 
prosperity and happiness. 
Again, divide the people into two classes. Gather 
together into one mass all those whose life business 
is one of labor, and into another those who would 
not, and who could not he properly called laborers. 
Do we see any difference in the numbers of the re¬ 
spective classes ? Do we not find that the laborers 
are as ten thousand to one thousand of the others ? 
Bat, passing numbers, which is the most respectable- 
throng? Wo know, aud need not enumerate or de¬ 
scribe those who compose the greater multitude 
who have cleared the forests, subdued the earth and 
converted it Into a garden, built the cities, and car¬ 
ried commerce aud navigation all around the globe. 
Look at the others,—who are lin y ? Respectable 
men are arnoug them, to be sure; but in their ranks 
are to be found the idlers, and a great majority of 
thieves, and the gamblers, and the robbers who Infest 
the earth. Who shall say, then, that labor, physical 
as well as mental, docs uot ennoble and dignify man. 
It is only shallow - minded persons who will look 
upon him who toils hard at physical labor as less 
worthy of regal’d on that account. 
The movements and signs of the times are so plain 
that no intelligent person can mistake the fact that 
labor in this country is constantly becoming more 
honorable, and all the laboring classes arc advancing 
to more elevated positions. Accompanying tills up¬ 
ward and onward movement of the peopn are indi¬ 
cations that the advances will be made permanent by 
the increasing intelligence of the masses. But let 
all go on in a harmonious manner. Let unnecessary 
conflicts between capital and labor be avoided. Give 
to each their proper sphere, and the people, of this 
country shall yet attain a degree of prosperity far in 
advance of that which has already elevated them 
above most of the peoples of the earth. 
Our illustration represents the pure bred Arabian, 
showing his special points of excellence as well iis 
general form. From the London Field we copy the 
following spirited description of the Arab Horse; 
“ Most people who bav» given the Arab horse a 
thought know that there are several varieties even of 
them. The Nedjedean horse is to be considered as 
the purest type, aud the nearest approaches to him 
in appearance and certain qualities arc the most val¬ 
uable. A rcceut and well-informed explorer has 
stated that the homes of Ncdjcd are not to be bought. 
The well-bred Arab is au example per sc. For his 
apparent size there is more of him physically, and 
more spirit, gameness and strength, than in any other 
horse. If well-bred, he is much more likely to bo¬ 
under than over fourteen and a half bauds; but 
when on him you don’t feci as if on a pony. Ilis 
head is a picture by itself —so flue at the muzzle as 
to make the cheeks look almost coarse; the nostrils 
wide, eyes prominent, mild, but bold; with little 
him for a month at a time. As a charger he is best. , 
Intelligent and obliging as a poodle, he is still bold 
and resolute. When he once sees what vagaries ure 
required of him, he will perforin them. Ho is star¬ 
tled ut neither lance-flags, swords, firing nor music, 
but he hates a camel (small blame to him ) and detests 
an elephant, lie. will fust as long as you like, aud 
you may tire him if you can, being careful not to 
fatigue yourself in the attempt. He is uot perfect, 
owing to bad breaking; his walk is often a shuffle, 
nor is his trot even. He sometimes “runs," and 
mostly stumbles. Good riding and English bridles 
improve ail this, though, Hisfost pace is a nine miles 
au hour canter, at which he can stay till the week 
after next. Among other horses he is, though en¬ 
tire, quiet; quiet also to saddle and groom, unless 
ill-treated. As a race - horse he often knows too 
much; but he has many qualities that, disseminated 
among our saddle-horses, would make the possession 
of a stable less of a care than it often is.” 
family of the owner. The neck is strong and muscu¬ 
lar, without being heavy or “ beefy " and the head 
nicely put on. Shoulders well ]<i\e*nck, looking 
rather thick, and none the worse for that when nice 
and free at the points. Girth deep, and back ribs of 
enormous depth; so big are all the ribs as to make 
the saddle-girth seem carried forward, whence the 
common idea that Arabs are bad shouldered horses. 
The croup is high to a degree seen only in horses of 
this high caste, and the tail is set on very high, and 
carried right off the back The fore-arms of the 
Arab are remarkably muscular. Very short from the 
knee downwards; he has great flat., clean legs, that 
no ill-usage can cause to puff His feet are high at 
the heel, a little “donkeyfied,” but hard as flints, 
and with us much wear in them. Ilis thighs are to 
match his arms. His hind legs are well under him, 
and his hocks often turn in a little. He is hard as 
nails, will eat anything or nothing, and you may ride 
A well trained, well fed and kindly managed pair of 
oxen will follow a span of horses before the plow 
during the whole season, and come out in as good 
if not better condition at, the end. For hauling 
farm produce both from the fields to the bara or 
stuck, and from the latter to market, if it is not 
too distant, they are also equally serviceable. <Jn 
new farms, where stumps and stone are to be ex¬ 
tracted from the eartb, they are superior; aud like¬ 
wise for most kinds of forest work. Manure and 
rails can be baulcd around the farm, and numerous 
odd jobs done as well and speedily with a good 
yoke of oxen as with a horse team. 
In an economical view oxen arc preferable to 
horses; not that they should, though they gener¬ 
ally do, eat much .less food, but because they are a 
cash article when they get through with their work, 
and have time and opportunity to sleek up a little 
and acquire some llesh. A young or middle-aged pair 
of oxen, if of the right build, well managed and 
fed, will do a great deal of work and retain their 
flesh if not increase it, and many a shrewd fanner 
by buying well, using aud feeding judiciously, and 
selling at the right time, nas got his team-work al 
the cost of the animals’ food, aud many times even 
that wits paid for by the profit of fattening. Uxou 
are also less expensive thau horses in the item of 
harness, and time is saved in getting them to and 
from their work. 
When put to hard and steady work oxen should 
be liberally fed. They need grain to harden their 
muscles and give them endurance Feed as you 
would horses, for strength not for fat. Ground 
Oats is better than coru meal, and cut hay than a 
belly full of juicy grass which ferments aud op¬ 
presses them. If fed properly they wont “loll," 
even in hot weather. Be kind aud still with them, 
They are disposed to obey aud labor. They are the 
vflry exponents of patience and endurance, and no 
farmer who half deserves the mime will abuse these 
faithful servants by giviug too little food and too 
much of the lash. 
Hen Lice. —Remedy. 
J. Ridgeway, Caroline Depot, writes:—“Having 
been exceedingly troubled with hen lice, I tried all 
the various remedies I could hear of, without any 
success. I determined on ‘kill or cure,’ as they 
were infesting every animal and person. I have 
about 150 hens and chickens, and for these I mixed 
one-fourth of a pound of sulphur in Indian meal and 
fed it to them three days in succession. Waited ten 
days and then fed half a pound at once. Then I 
mixed one pound in grease, and daubed my hen¬ 
roost. The lice have entirely left. It was about 
three months ago, and uot any lice trouble me at 
all. While being fed the fowls must not be ex¬ 
posed to wet or cold.” 
Trouble ntuoua the Hops. 
H. M. L., Canandaigua, writes;—“On a late visit 
to Otsego county, the great center of hop-growing, 
I found that hops were of but little account. In but 
few yards had the hop poles been pulled at all. The 
blight and aphis so affected the hops as to render 
them worthless. They grow thriftily at first and 
look promising until the aphis appears. In one yard 
of three acres fourteen hundred pounds had been 
picked, while from another just across the road but 
sixty pounds were gathered. The first field, how¬ 
ever, was an exceptional one. For the past eighteen 
years or more, hops have been constantly raised in 
these localities, but the past season the crop has 
proved a pretty general failure. No person with 
whom 1 conversed gave any satisfactory reason for 
the occurrence of the blight or for the appearance 
of the aphis. Some think the failure is caused by 
the honey dew. The appearance of the wheat fields 
in the hop region is very promising—better, perhaps, 
than is generally the ease with those in the more 
western sections of the State.” 
IIow to Grow Sorghum. 
G. Sny’der, Pavilion, Mich,, writes; — “ I have 
been experimenting for the last three years with 
Sorgfium, and have come to the following conclu¬ 
sions :—In order to secure a tine crop you must plow 
deep, harrow the ground as finely as can be made, 
plant in hills like corn, nine to eleven grains per 
hill, and cover lightly. Don’t soak the seed,—for if 
dry weather follows after planting it is sure to 
perish ; use plaster and ashes mixed; kill all weeds; 
use the shovel-plow last time and hoe it well. I 
have an excellent variety that don’t blow down by 
the wind—a splendid variety to yield molasses. I 
will send a package of seed, free of all expense, to 
any of your subscribers who will 6end me a pre-paid 
directed envelope.” 
A Very Simple Lou Sled. 
“ S. P. w.,” Canton, Maine, sends us the follow¬ 
ing:—“Many times a farmer wishes to haul a few 
logs from the forest to an open and convenient place 
for loading them on to an ordinary sleigh for trans¬ 
portation to the mill; or, perhaps, they may be in¬ 
tended for hewing timber. The illustration repre¬ 
sents a very simple and yet effective sled or drag to 
haul the logs with. It is simply a crotch or fork of 
a small tree—say about a foot in diameter—to the 
end of which the team is hitched. A cross-piece or 
‘saddle’ is pinned to the forks, and the end to 
which the team is attached Is rounded aud should 
curve upward slightly, so as to get easily over ob¬ 
structions. One end of the. log is chained to the 
‘saddle,’ and the other drags on the ground.” 
Renovating; Worn Out Land. 
“G.,” Ontario Co., N. Y., writes:—“In the Rural 
of Nov. 30, ‘S. S. C.’ inquires how to renovate a 
worn-out farm. Some capital hints were given, and 
you call for others. I would plow early In the 
spring, sow buckwheat and plaster; when large 
enough, would turn it under, sow to buckwheat 
again, and turn that under the last of August. 
Sow to wheat and timothy; here 1 think it will 
pay. to!: give one dollar per two-liorse loud for good 
manure for top dressing; sow plaster as soon after 
seeding as you can; sow clover in the spring. Per¬ 
haps you will say buckwheat makes but flashy ma¬ 
nure. I admit it, but if in the course of time your 
grass seed catches you get a sod and Lave gained the 
point, for grass and sod are Nature’s restoratives.” 
SPAYING COWS 
“G.,” Ontario Co., N. Y., thus answers an in¬ 
quiry “ In the Rural of Dec, 31, W. H. Macom- 
bek makes an Inquiry in regard to spaying cows. 
The results claimed by M. Guenon were believed 
by men in this county some fifteen or twenty years 
since, and a number of onr fanners tried the experi¬ 
ment. The result was, in one, two, or three years 
at most, (good milkers holding longest,) wo had 
good cows for beef. No one, as far as I have heard, 
tried it the second time, being perfectly satisfied 
with the first experiment, which proved the fallacy 
of the theory.” 
Slanting Stable Floors. —A Query. 
“ Once-a-Year” writes:—“Never let horses stand 
on a slanting floor, as I know that it will cause spav¬ 
ins ; at least, 1 had a mare stand on a slanting floor 
last summer and winter, and she was spavined in 
both hind legs. 
“ I have a piece of very sandy laud, which I wish 
to seed down. Will it answer to sow’ grass seed 
with buckwheat? and what time should it be 
sown?" We think buckwheat a poor aud difficult 
crop to seed down with. Who bus any experience 
in the matter? 
It strikes us as a fact that there is a greater ten¬ 
dency than formerly among farmers to the exclusive 
use of horses for teams. Oxen are ignored. They 
are thought slow, and “ Young America” is some¬ 
what fast; and who .-ball say that his ideas are not 
becoming ruling ones, even with the conservative 
farming community ? Oxen, if properly broke, how¬ 
ever, are not one whit inferior to horse teams, in 
rapidity of working at many kinds of farm labor. 
Lavste Short-Horn Calf. 
S. P. McCormick, Tabor,N. Y., writes:—“In the 
Rural of Nov. 30, mention is made of a calf that 
weighed 400 lbs. at six months’ old. I had a Short- 
Horned Durham that weighed 573 lbs. the day he 
was six months old. Which was the best ? I sold 
mine at seven months for £ 50 ,” 
Ashes on Grass Land. 
“J. W. E.” queries: — “What time during the 
year is the best to sow ashes upon meadows and 
pastures? Are they a benefit?” Early spring, we 
think, is the best time to apply them. Wood ashes 
are highly beneficial to grass lauds. 
