enough naturally in the juice of the apple. If the gl* rtrtit MittittttlttT 
layers of pomace in the cage are thin and the final £§> UivJJ V*WU**g» 
pressure severe, “cutting down,” as it is termed,-- 
will not be necessary. Yet, if this is desired, the edited by henry s. randall, ll. d. 
cage can be removed by unkeying the corners, and — 
the cheese may he cut down and repressed “usual CUSTO m HOUSE EXAMINATION. 
It is well known to cider makers that the tm>t _ 
cider running from the press is turbid, joining ^ remembercd that in the letter published 
dearer and dearer, and with less body to thelast. ^ S) of Mr JonN A . Bapsh, U. 8. Ass’t 
It is important that the Whole product of a cheese having wqq]& - m chttrge , at the New York 
should be received into a u ‘ . ' . Custom House, occurred the following proposition : 
barreling; or the same end may *.e ob^ed by have t0 make l0 the 
placing at the press barrels enough to contain the thr0 I v J’ n e 0 ^ lh ‘ e Country Gentleman, is to invite him or 
whole and distributing the juice evenly among the any otber gentleman to obtain permission from the Dc- 
, , r i u Iflttipo DArnnoDt to oxscnino the 1)OOtc£ of tuif office* WQ p&rnpitn 
barrels. A large wooden funnel with lath lit , of™ch lot of wool passed to this office, since the Act of 
work in its bottom, and partly filled with straw, March 2(1 , 18( j 7 , weutlnro operation l thmk we.have 
. thn piHcr into thp bar- ranvoloH of every lot of wool. Would it not be a good idea 
often renewed, may conduct the cider into the oar ^ fttiuI1 ^ Wool ©rowers' Association to ask the 
rels. More elaborate straining can be devised, but con,,.,,, „f the Secretary of the Treasury to make such an 
this is sufficient, if the pressing is begun in early ft 
morning the whole can be completed before night, doinjr * 0 [t WO um be very gratifying to me 10 show me 
and the cider .tored In the cellar “ bung up aud ““ m0 “ ° <S ‘ ,Clm 
bUge tree ” on properly built barrel BtandB, ready ^ a , tUe Bm( , tlmc , tUat „„ eommuni. 
for future racking. th i 8 invitation to an examination to Mr. Tnos. 
ABOUT CASKS. q r ICE) g. Appraiser having wools in charge at 
It is essentially important that the casks be sweet Boston Custom tiouse, he warmly concurred in 
and clean. Any acidity, or muBt, or disagreeable R Qn thf . j jart 0 f the Boston office. We also stated 
flavor in the casks will infallibly be imparted to the that tb(J g ecre tary of the Treasury had been request- 
cider. New oak barrels answer well. Alcohol or f . d t0 permit the proposed examination. In an offi 
whisky barrels are excellent. Casks formerly U6ed letter, dated February 5th, to the President oi 
for cider should, when emptied, he well rinsed, and tb(J National Wool ©rowers’ Association, Secretary 
may be cleansed when used again with lime water. McCulloch informs him that he has instructed tin 
Put in each cask a small quantity of fresh lime, add Appraisers a t New York and Boston to exhibit to £ 
a pail of water, and violently agitate, then rinse comn ,jttoe appointed by said Association, the actior 
until clean. Each barrel, before being filled at the biken U pon foreign Wool imported since March 2d 
press, should have a tapering pine plug inserted in 180 - ^ far ^ , 8 consistent with the rules governing 
the head, two fingers breadth from the lower chime, tbejr reS p ec tive offices. This last clause will imposf 
for racking purposes. n0 limitation on the most thorough investigatioi 
the fermentation. on all subjects pertinent to the objects of the ex 
We have now the cider Btored in the cellar, on amination. 
suitable barrel stauds, “ buug up and bilge free,” In the appointment of this Examining Committei 
with the bungs open. Let us stop a moment and we are authorized to say that the National Woo 
consider chemically what is before ns. The juice of Growers’ Association desires to have all shades o 
the apple, in common with vegetable and animal preconceived opinion fairly represented. It wil 
matter In general, is liable to decay by a natural gladly .< i;*"int gentlemen of known standing am 
process called fermentation ; and uuless that decay character, conversant with the subject of wool, wh 
is arrested by the operation of checking, or controll- a re under the impression that wools are either fraud 
ing forces, will, more or less rapidly, pass through ffiently or erroneously classified at the Castor 
three stages: The first stage Is termed the vinous Houses, under the provisions of the present woe 
fermentation ; the second stage is called the acid tariff. And it will take good care that the grower 
fermentation; and the third stage is Darned the 0 f all the different breeds of sheep in the countr 
putrid fermentation, in a piece of raw meat, in hot are properly represented. Nominations for men 
weather, these three stages of fermentation succeed bers of this committee received from friends of th 
and run into each other very rapidly. Sonus articles wool interest throughout the United States- 
of food, of drink, and of medicine, lose their good whether connected with the National and Stat 
qualities if fermentation commences at all,—but it vVool Growers’ Associations or not—will be than! 
is essential to good wine, or cider, that the vinous fully received and impartially considered: nor wi 
fermentation he perfected, running as little as pos- R m akc any difference whether the nominees ai 
Bible into the acid. For vinegar, we wish to perfect members of those organizations. But such nomini 
the acid fermentation with as little as possible of tions must be made without delay to be received i 
the putrid. Chemical writers say that tlife vinous time for the action of the National Association. 
fermentation is never fully perfected without some -- ♦ »-•»■- 
commencement of the acid, and that the acid for- CONDITION OF WOOL. 
mentation is never complete without some tinge of _. 
the putrid. Practically, we cuu so skillfully conduct Editor of Rural :— I have read with great plea 
both as to obtain excellent cider, and first quality ure the communication of S. Hayden, woolen mani 
vinegar, either of which will long endure—the ten- f actorer a t p 0 rt Byron, N. Y., and thank him moi 
dency to decay being held in check. A good cellar, eaniegtly f or his truthful and timely expose of 
kept cool, but uot freezing, and well ventilated, to- j raud w hicb bas so long been practiced upon a lar; 
gether with the season of the year, which is just IJ0r ^ 0n 0 f the farming community. We have hi 
before the setting in of winter, and the manufacture man y similar experiences in this section ofonrStat 
as 1 have described it, will insure a slow and equable condition of wool is a matter of weigh' 
fermentation, gradually, mildly, and surely perfect- Jn t lQ the manufac turer, and when he BUffe 
ing the vinous fermentation, without fiercely or teBkm man t0 come between himself aud tl 
rapidly passing Its limits, aud running into tiie acid, er he „ a door for f rau d which costs hi 
which would happen under less skillfully directed of doUa1fl( and offers a premium to di 
circumstances. houestv For the last few years a certain portion 
The first stage of the vinous fermentation will fanning community have vied with each oth 
throw out snuff-brown, feculent matter. The casks eee wMdl could 6U 11 the most gum and dirt wi 
should be filled np with cider as this progresses, so their W0(d a nd yet be able to declare that it w 
that this feculent matter may be discharged. As the hfid w J o] 
fermentation subsides the surface of the cider at the present year a farmer here sold cleaner wo 
bung-hole should be carefully watched, aud when ^ otUer8) and yot bc b0 ] d | t as unwashe 
the liquor lies quiet, without even a snap on its sur- whUe wft8 ,. e p rcB cnted as washed and sold 
face, it is time fur the first racking. Do not disturb <£ be wld ter of tbiB was present when the wc 
it until it lies perfectly quiet; this point is critical. ^ delivered at the sacking house. It was evide 
first hacking and stumming. an y observer that it was worth eight or t 
Racking is simply drawing oil'the cider clear from cents per pound more than the filthy, dirty, bln 
the lees, quietly and rapidly as possible, and with as mass which was represented to have been washc 
little exposure to the air as may be. The lees are yet the grower only got the same price for it. Nc 
thrown away; each cask well rinsed and filled again if manufacturers would go among the farmers ai 
with racked cider—one empty cask being used to purchase their wool according to its quality and a 
commence with. During this first racking, in order dilion , and hold every seller responsible for frau 
to hold in check any tendency to the acid fermeuta- that are coueealed, or in any way covered up, th 
tion, the cider should be impregnated with the would very soon remedy this great evil, 
fumes of burning brimstone, or, as it is technically Another very great complaint is that commissi 
called, stummed. Thus Put of the racked eider in men will go to a large farmer who has three or fo 
the rinsed barrel three gallons; then take a brim- thousand pounds of wool, aud make him a presc 
stone match i. e., a strip of cotton cloth an inch and of a considerable sum to sell at a certain low tigu 
a-half wide and ten long, six inches of which has for the purpose of inducing his neighbors who ha 
been dipped in melted brimstone, light it, insert it small lots to sell at the same price, while the smal 
in the bung-hole, and when fully on lire drive in the lots are better washed, and the sheep have been b 
bung so as to hold the match suspended in the cask, ter tagged, aud the wool in every way in better c< 
Allow the mutch to burn as long as the air in the ditiun. So long as these complaints remain, mat 
brrrel will supply it with oxygen, then violently facturers will be imposed upon. But when ev< 
agitate the three gallons of cider by tossing aud roll- man’s wool shall be sold on its own merits, then v 
ing the barrel, withdraw the match, and fill up with producers have an object to offer nothing but w 
racked cider. The bungs should now be driven cleansed wool, and manufacturers will save th< 
tight, and you may awhile rest from your labors, sands of dollars which are uow paid for gum a 
while what is called insensible fermentation is going grease. J. G. Livingston 
on, cheered occasionally by a mug of this excellent Lewis, Essex Co., N. Y., 1807. 
cider, which, like Cowpkr's tea, will “cheer but-- 
not inebriate, ” unless you drink an extravagant C on d enS e(l Correspondence, Items, & 
quantity of it. - 
FINAL RACKING. Scab.—“ C,” Mirablc, Caldwell Go., Mo. From y 
Towards the latter end of February, or early in statement of facts aud the appearance of the inclo 
March, before warm weather—choosing clear, good wool, the disease is probably scab iu a mitigated fo 
weather for the purpose—you may proceed to the At all events, scab remedies are applicable to the a 
second racking. This is the same as the preceding 
process, already described, ouly the stumming is Samples of Wool.—M. G, Skinner, Bu dm, 
omitted, unless the cider iu some casks has not Jain Co,. Mo. Sample ftom yearlmgMerino ew, 8m* grov 
, Quantity aud style good; yolk medium; length 2 tncl 
wbm A ought to bo ugam resorted to. Great ,f 1 ., J Erowth . 
care should be used to have the cider perfectly fine n __ 
or clear. Some tipping of the cask will of course Chilled Lambs.— “A,” North Chili, N. Y., says 
be necessary. This should he done very gently, and following' recipe is worth $500 to a sheep farmer, 
the last running from each barrel kept apart, in a tbat be bas never Been it in print. If there is any Iif< 
cask for present use—inferior for long keeping. the lamb, put it at once up to the head in a blood w 
bath, adding more warm water as it cools. Keep i 
CONClls n. fljig 15 0t . 20 minutes, or “ until it makes the watei 
You have now an article of cider which will con- W j t h its feet.’ 1 . Then wipe it. perfectly dry and retur 
tinue to ripen and improve for months to come— to its mother. Our correspondent's recipe is very 
It will be remembered that in the letter published 1 
by us (Feb. 8) of Mr. John A. Baush, U. 8. Ass’t 
Appraiser, having wools in charge, at thc New York 
Custom House, occurred the following proposition : 
“The onlv reply I have to make to the imputations 
thrown out In the Country Gentleman, is to invite him or 
anv other gentleman to obtain permission from the De- 
mrnnenT to examine the lnKiks of this office, and samples 
of each lot of wool pasecd at this office, since the Act of 
March 2d. 1*07. went into operation 1 think we nave 
samples of every lot of wool. Would it not be a good idea 
for your National Wool Growers* Association to ask the 
consent of the Secretary of the Treasury to make snch an 
examirmtion both hem aud In Boston. 1 do not thmk he 
would hesitate a moment to grant you every facility for 
doing so. It would he very gratifying to me to show the 
whole business. I think it the most effective way of an¬ 
swering all such attacks.’’ 
We stated, at the same time, that on communi¬ 
cating this invitation to an examination to Mr. Tnos. 
G. Rice, U- S. Appraiser having wools in charge at 
the Boston Custom House, he warmly concurred in 
it. on thc part of the Boston office. We also stated 
that the Secretary of the Treasury had been request¬ 
ed to permit the proposed examination. In an offi¬ 
cial letter, dated February 5th, to the President of 
the National Wool Growers’ Association, Secretary 
McCulloch informs him that he bas instructed the 
Appraisers at New York and Boston to exhibit to a 
committee appointed by said Association, the action 
taken upon foreign Wool imported since March 2d, 
1807, as far as is consistent with the rules governing 
their respective offices. This last clause will impose 
no limitation on the most thorough investigation 
on all subjects pertinent to the objects of the ex¬ 
amination. 
In the appointment of this Examining Committee 
we are authorized to say that the National Wool 
Growers’ Association desires to have all shades of 
preconceived opinion fairly represented. It will 
gladly .i (p'diit gentlemen of known standing and 
character, conversant with the subject of wool, who 
are under the impression that wools are either fraud¬ 
ulently or erroneously classified at the Custom 
Houses, under the provisions of the present wool 
tariff And it will take good care that thc growers 
of all the different breeds of sheep in the country 
are properly represented. Nominations for mem¬ 
bers of this committee received from friends of the 
wool interest throughout tbe United States — 
whether connected with the National and State 
Wool Growers’ Associations or not—will be thank¬ 
fully received and impartially considered: nor will 
it make any difference whether the nominees arc 
members of those organizations. But such nomina¬ 
tions must be made without delay to be received in 
time for the action of thc National Association. 
feed, and decidedly economical where the land is adapted 
to the growth of turnips. We have found a good root 
cutter one of the best machines on the farm to save time 
j and labor. __ 
Importation of “Flat-Tailed” Sheep, Gazelles, 
& o ,— L. Converse, Bncyms, Crawford Co,, Ohio, writes 
ns:—“I imported three Plat-tailed sheep from Tartary 
last September. The tails are short and wide, and weigh 
about 40 lbs. One ewe has a lamb. They arc a matter of 
C reat curiosity to the people. I also imported two Ga¬ 
zelles from Syria. My Oxford sheep are doing well and 
sales large I have now ninety-nine.” 
Yodatt describes the •'Fat-ruroped sheep," as he de¬ 
nominates it, of Tartary, as one of thc “ original breeds 
of 6heep.” He says it covers both the north and south of 
Asia, prevails far more than any other sheep in Palestine, 
and reaches to the interior and northern part of Russia. 
But it is purest in tbe deserts of Great Tartary. He 
adopts Dr. Anderson’s description of it as follows: 
“The flocks of all the Tartar hordes resemble one an¬ 
other by haring a large, yellowish muzzle, the under jaw 
often beyond the upper; by long hanging ears, and by the 
horns of the adult ram being large, spiral, wrinkled, an¬ 
gular, or bent in a lunar form. They have slender legs in 
proportion to their bodies, a high chest, large, hanging 
testicles, and tolerably fine wool mixed with hair. The 
body of the ram, and sometimes of the ewe, swells grad¬ 
ually with fat towards the posterior, where a solid mass 
of fat is formed on the- rnmp, and falls over tbe anas in 
the place of a tail, divided into two hemispheres, which 
take the form of the hips, with a little button of a tail in 
the middle, to he felt with the finger.” The form and 
size of the rump, however, is influenced by food and 
mode of life. In some regions the wool is “coarse, en¬ 
tangled together, and strongly mixed with hair.” 
. The other “original breed of sheep” mentioned by Mr. 
i Yodatt has a lengthened tail with an accumulation or 
fat about the upper part of it, weighing about as much 
as the rumpy excresence of the Tartar sheep. It is found 
in Arabia, Syria and Africa. Mr. Peters of Philadelphia 
imported them into the United States many years eince, 
1 and several other import&tioue or them have been made. 
But we are not aware that the Fat-ramped or Tartar 
variety has been before introduced. 
The Cotton Q,uestion. 
Thle N. O. Commercial Bulletin exhorts the 
cotton States not to be disheartened by the efforts 
making abroad and, apparently, at home, to drive 
them out of the field of cotton producers. It adds : 
“It is fortunate for the South that she holds the 
power of 60 easily and so rapidly retrieving her im¬ 
mense losses. She has but to plant, ami behold hei 
crops brought to perfection, with one-fourth of the 
labor required elsewhere. It is one of thc most im¬ 
portant agencies in the exchanges of the world.” 
Keeping Up Meadows. 
A Wisconsin farmer was asked how he kept np 
his grass lands, selling the hay off year by year, 
as he did. His reply was, “I never allow the after- 
math to he cut.” To this thc Wisconsin Farmer 
adds:—“If this rule was generally followed there 
would bc less said about running out of grass fields 
or short crops of hay. Some farmers feed off every 
green thing and compel their cattle to pull up and 
gnaw off the roots of thc grass. Cutting rowen is 
certain death to hay crops. A farmer had better 
buy hay at forty dollars per ton than ruin his hay 
field by close grazing The'general treatment of 
grass land in this respect is wrong and expensive, 
aud should be abandoned as a matter of profit aud 
economy.” _ 
Agricultural Societies. 
New York Slate Agricultural Society.— The annual 
meeting of this Society was held in the Assembly Cham¬ 
ber, Albany, Feb. 12— President Patrick in the Chair. 
The long-time Treasurer, Prof. L. H. Tucker (“ who was 
of course re-elected”) submitted his tenth annual report, 
a very interesting statistical doenment, hich we may 
refer to, if not publish, hereafter. The following figures 
show the present state of the Treasury: 
Average yearly income for ten years.S 
a __ ovnonaOd Tf’il- T.P.fl YPftrft ....... 13.olo Uc> 
turui $otes antr Stems. 
CONDITION OF WOOL, 
Editor of Rural :— I have read with great pleas¬ 
ure the communication of S. Hayden, woolen manu¬ 
facturer at Port Byron, N. Y., and thank him most 
earnestly for liia truthful and timely expose of a 
fraud which has so long been practiced upon a large 
portion of the farming community. We have had 
many similar experiences iu this section of our State. 
The condition of wool is a matter of weighty 
interest to the manufacturer, and when he sutlers 
a commission man to come between himself and the 
producer, he opens a door for fraud which costs him 
thousands of dollars, and offers a premium to dis- 
houesty. For the last few years a certain portion of 
the farming community have vied with each other 
to see which could sell the most gum and dirt with 
their wool, aud yet be able to declare that it was 
washed wool. 
This present year a farmer here sold cleaner wool 
than many others, and yet he sold it as unwashed, 
while theirs was represented as washed and sold as 
such. The writer of this was present when the wool 
was delivered at the sacking house, it was evident 
to any observer that it was worth eight or ten 
cents per pound more than the filthy, dirty, black 
mass which was represented to have been washed, 
yet the grower only got the same price for it. Now 
if manufacturers would go among the farmers and 
purchase their wool according to its quality and con- 
dilion , aud hold every seller responsible for frauds 
that are coueealed, or in any way covered up, they 
would very soon remedy this great evil. 
Another very great complaint is that commission 
men will go to a large farmer who has three or four 
thousand pounds of wool, aud make him a present 
of a considerable sum to sell at a certain low figure, 
for the purpose of iuducing his neighbors who have 
6mall lots to sell at the same price, while the smaller 
lots are better washed, and the sheep have been bet¬ 
ter tagged, aud the wool in every way in better con¬ 
dition. So long as these complaints remain, manu¬ 
facturers will he imposed upon. But when every 
man’s wool shall be sold on its owu merits, then will 
producers have an object to offer nothing but well 
cleansed wool, aud manufacturers will save thou¬ 
sands of dollars which are uow paid for gum and 
grease. J- G* Livingston. 
Lewis, Essex Co., N. Y., 1807. 
-- » !• »■- 
Condensed Correspondence, Items, &c. 
Scab.— “C,” Mirablc, Caldwell Co., Mo. From yonr 
statement of facte aud the appearance of the inclosed 
wool, the disease is probably scab iu a mitigated form. 
At all events, scan remedies are applicable to the case. 
Samples of Wool.—M, G, Skinner, Bncklin, Linn 
Co., Mo. Sample from yearling Merino ewe, 8 mo. growth. 
Quantity and style good; yolk medium; lengths inches, 
insuring good length ai a year's growth. 
Chilled Lambs.- “ A,” North Chili, N. Y., says the 
following recipe is worth $500 to a sheep farmer, and 
that he has never seen it in print. If there is any life in 
the lamb, put it at once np to the head in a blood warm 
bath, adding more warm water as it cools. Keep it in 
thiB 15 or 20 minutes, or “ until it makes the water fly 
with its feet.”. Then wipe it perfectly dry and return it 
to its mother, Our correspondent's recipe is very weL 
Sheep Poisoned bv Laurel. —“ I. A. P.,” Corning, 
N. Y., writes that farmers in hie region have been 
troubled by their sheep becoming poisoned by eating 
laurel. He has had a number of cases in his own flock, 
aud cared them by administering sweet milk, blood 
warm, (he does not say how much,) three times a day. 
He thinks this is better than mixing the milk with lard, 
or other ingredients, as many do. 
Salt, SuimnDR, &c., for Sheep.— O. W. True. Farm¬ 
ington, Maine, sends ns a paper on the above head, con¬ 
taining some unusual views. He says that eonnd, natural 
food contains all thc salt any animal requires when in 
health; that the same arguments used to show salt to be 
necessary will equally well apply to sulphur, clay, iron 
and so on; that to say that the instinct or natural taste 
of animals lead to its necessity, is “only begging the 
question upon somebody’s say-so, not upon aDy facts 
shown; because millions of beasts live their allotted 
time, without any salt except what is contained in their 
natural food, yet thrive and exhibit the best of health 
and condition.” Mr. True cites the case of a calf raised 
by himself until Tour months old without giving it a par¬ 
ticle of salt, yet it throve finely. On its then being 
offered salt, it showed “evident disgust” even at the 
smell of It. But after thc second day’s trial, learned to 
eat it with as much avidity as other cattle. This is the 
only fact presented by our correspondent to pustain his 
hypothesis. Sheep and all other domestic quadrupeds 
naturally love salt. Deer and other wild animals travel 
miles to obtain it at “salt licks.” They have no such 
natural taste for salphur, clay aiul iron. Wc have, in¬ 
deed, heard Texans speak of flocks of sheep and other 
animats rawing gieat ea^cniess to drink the waters or 
a certain celebrated sulphur spring in that State, bat its 
waters alto contain an extraordinary per ccntage of salt. 
If instinct proves nothing in the premises, experience 
does; and it is an extraordinary assertion to make that 
no facts have been shown to prove the utility or necessity 
of salt, when the most observing aud intelligent breeders, 
from time immemorial, have satisfied themselves of such 
utility by practically observing its effects, It has been 
shown by careful investigation that when taxation or 
other catises have made the price of salt so high in cer¬ 
tain countries that farmers ceased to feed it to their 
stock, tbe latter became unhealthy to a very unusual de¬ 
gree. Wc could, were it necessary, cite a vast amount of 
testimony of this kind, drawn out by a Parliamentary 
investigation in Great Britain. We hardly think the case 
of the calf, which flourished for four mouths without 
salt,, and then, after finding out what it was, took to it 
like a duck to the mnd, is quite sufficient to overthrow 
all the. .hove testimony. That the. calf did not at once 
recognize salt, we are fully prepared to believe from a fact 
which occurred under our owu observation. We have 
some Australian sheep on our farm, which on their first 
arrival would uot eat salt. They bad never before seen 
or tasted it in that form. On putting some of it in their 
months, however, they did recognize it and show that 
they loved it, aud thenceforth eat it like sheep always 
accustomed to it. 
AiUUUUk AJ'.'VT .. . . - T 
Add amount, on hand belonging to Trial of Lin 
i m 
49 
3,771 
59 
. 8,931 
88 
.$12,706 
47 
252 
90 
$12,959 
37 
d 48 
86 
|ttn*I Jfpbtt of t\t firm. 
Soutliem Labor. 
A Virginian,” writing the Southern Planter, 
Richmond, on the subject of farm labor lu the 
South, says:—“There are three classes of people 
we need to come amongst us. First, we want farm 
hands and domestic laborers. Secondly, small farm¬ 
ers, with enough capital to secure fifty or a hundred 
acres of laud at a low price, and improve and culti¬ 
vate it with their own hands. Aud, thirdly, large 
capitalists to develop our mines, establish manufac¬ 
tories, aud build up trade and commerce.” 
About Pork. 
The Germantown Telegraph, alluding to the 
effort making to expel pork from the list of articles 
for family consumption, says:—“What a piece of 
folly it is at this late day to raise such au issue. 
Pork-eaters, comprised ef about nine-tenths of the 
civilized population of the world, will scout at such 
nonsense. For all persons of active hahits, pork is 
just as wholesome as anything else, aud far more 
sustaining.” The Telegraph is right, and will be 
backed up, if necessary, by ninety-nine iu a hundred 
of those who swing the ax or do the heavy work 
pertaining to agricultural operations. 
Pi T111C lAJ JLjJCU UJJU luipuiv IGI UO LGUiG- IAJ 1 Lr UlttollUI , V/ ‘ i. •/ " “ — 
due sweet, sparkling and highly fragrant, and, to my come, because new sets of readers follow each other like 
baste superior to much of the Catawba wiue, which, waves, and therefore the same thing must be told over 
by the uninitiated, is often pronounced very like aud over again. But the warm bath for chilled lambs has 
uy tm. , * , ,, been repeatedly mentioned in these columns, even within 
vinegar in taste. I n the Edinburg Encyclopedia a _ gee Rural March 10, ’1)7, for that and various other 
there are various methods given as in use by wine mode3 Bome 0 f wb i c h are usually considered preferable. 
doctors for fining wine, all of which are applicable 
to cider. Some of them I have tried. One of these 
processes will precipitate the color of cider, leaving 
the liquor colorless as water. But as the processes 
already given iu this essay are sufficient for practical 
purposes, 1 will not occupy the valuable space of the 
Rural with further detail. Petek Hathaway. 
Milan, Erie Co., O., 1868. 
On the pine lauds of Georgia, which possess a 
quick, warm soil, two crops are frequently obtained. 
A wheat harvest is gathered in June; a corn crop is 
then planted which ripens by the last of October. 
modes, Borne of which are usually considered preferable. 
Roots for Sheep—Root Cotters.—John Heberling 
& Bros., Mount Pleasant, Ohio, ask our opinion of the 
utility of feeding roots to sheep, They write that they 
are wintering over 1,000 sheep, 500 of which are breeding 
ewes; that they have fed roots many years, aud find them 
indispensable not only for breeding ewes, but for winter¬ 
ing sheep generally; and that to feed roots more econom¬ 
ically they invented a cutter, worked by hand, which will 
cut two bushels per minute, leaving no pieces larger than 
half au inch square: that the machiae can, however, he 
adjusted to cut to any size desired. We have uniformly 
fed turnips to most of our sheep in winter for thirty years 
or more. We consider them highly useful and healthy 
Sweeny in Horses. 
Tue editor of the Maine Farmer having been 
asked what kind of a disease Sweeny is, quotes 
in response from “The Eorse and his Diseases,” by 
Jennings, as follows: —“The symptoms which 
accompany its supposed existence are but sympa¬ 
thetic effects or atrophy of the muscles of the 
shoulder. The attention of the horse-owner is di¬ 
rected to a wasting away or lessening of these mus¬ 
cles, which, from want of action, naturally become 
smaller or contracted. Cases called Sweeny are 
invariably the result of injury in some remote parts, 
as the knee or foot. When the animal picks up the 
foot clear from the ground it may be depended upon 
that the injury is uot in the shoulder; if, however, 
the leg drags with the toe on the ground, it may be 
looked for in that locality." The American Stock 
Journal suggests a remedy as follows:—Alcohol, 1 % 
gills; hartshorn, 3^ gUl; sweet oil, }{ gill; oil 
orgauum, )4 gill; oil of wormwood, % of an ounce. 
A 1 inament thus compounded aud properly applied, 
it is supposed, will iu most cases work a cure. 
Society’s present assets as shown by thc report, $12,910 51 b( 
The Secretary, Col. B. P Johnson, submitted his re- pi 
port of tbe transactions of the Society during the pre- oi 
ceding year. Both reports were accepted and approved a; 
The nsnal nominating committee of twenty-four (three o 
from each Judicial District,) was then appointed, and re- p, 
ported the following named officers, who were duly D 
elected by the adoption of thc report: b! 
Resident— Thomas U. Failb, New York. Tfa-Aw- la 
Ideate First district. John Havens, New York; .second, 
Samuel Thorne. Dutchess: Third, Aclin Thayer. Jr., Rens- 
selaer: Fourth, MUo Ingalsbe, Washington; fifth Ifor- 
ac*: Lewie. Herkimer: Sixth. Wm. M. Ely; seventh 11. ft 
T. E. Foster, Seneca; Eighth, George A. Moore. Erie. t( 
Corresponding Secretary - B. P. Johnson of Albany, he- 
cording Secretary —Thomas L. ITsrison of St. Lawrence. 
Treasurer -Lather 11. Tucker of Albany. Execulive Com- v 
mlttee -Richard Church, Allegany; James Gcddes. Onon- e 
flags; S. T. Taber,Queens; L. D. Mitchell,Monroe: Win. 
M. Burr. Madison : A. B. Cornell, Tompkins; B. 1. Angel. 
Livingston: J. D. Wing, New York. i 
The new Board is mainly composed of able, practical h 
men, and is headed by a noble-hearted gentleman who * 
will never fail the Society in any laudable enterprise or V 
improvement, The most noteworthy change is thc elec- a 
tion of Mr. Harison to the position so long (how long * 
we cannot remember) occupied by E. Coum.no, Jr. As 
Mr. II. is a comparatively young and able-bodied man of 
leisure, it is hoped he can discharge the arduous duties or ' 
his new position without detriment to his health or bnsi- t 
ucBP. Rochester and Utiea applied for t be next State Fair, j 
but the Executive Committee took no definite action. 
The Winter Exhibition, at thc Agricultural Rooms, was t 
meager, though there was a fine display of apples—ea t 
pecially from Western New York. We shall probably < 
give the awards, aud perhaps other matters, iu oar next; 
if n ot they will be found in the organs of thc Society. 
Stock Breeders' Association.— Thc Association of Breed- 1 
era of Thorough-bred Neat Stock held its annua! meeting 
at Springfield, Mass., on the 12lh inst., and elected the 
following board of officers: Pres't— E. n. Hyde, ol Staf- ' 
ford, Ct. Vice Pres'ts- J. F. Anderson of South Wind¬ 
ham. Me.. J. O. Sheldon of Geneva, N.Y., Burdett Loomis 
of Suffield, Cl., J. W. Freeman of Troy. N. Y., and E. D. 
Pearce of East. Providence, R. I. Secy— J. N. Bagg or 
West Springfield, Treas'r — H. M. Session? ol South 
Wilbraham. Ayrshire and Hereford Coin .—George B. 
Loriug of Salem, U. 9. Collins of Collinsville. Ct,, and 
William Birnio of Springfield. Devon Com.—U. M. Ses¬ 
sions of South Wilbraliam, B. H. Andrews of Waterbury, 
Ct,, and E. H. Hyde of Stafford,Ct. Alderney Cm.—Jao. 
Brooks of Princeton, O. B. Dadwin of Worcester, and 
James Thompson of Nantucket. After the meeting the 
Devon. Ayrshire aud Alderney Committees had a session 
over their respective herd books.—now nearly completed 
and soon to be published,—and cleared up some of the 
knotty points in pedigrees. 
New England Ag'l Sxiety.—TXne society held its an¬ 
nual meeting in Boston, Feb. 11th. Members from all 
parts of New England were present, and a lively interest 
was taken in the objects of the Association, An inter¬ 
esting tiddress was delivered by the President, Dr. Lorino, 
relating to the progress of Agriculture and the improve¬ 
ment in agricultural machinery. The address closed with 
a warm enlogiuin on the life and services of the late John 
A. Andrew, formerly Governor of Massachusetts aud an 
efficient friend of Agriculture. At tho conclusion of the 
address an election of officers took place and resulted in 
the re-election of Db. Geo. B. Lorino as President. Dan¬ 
iel Needham Secretary, and Isaac N. Gage Treasurer. 
The re-elections were all made by acclamation. The 
neual number of Vice Presidents aud Trustees were 
elected to represent tbe several New England States. The 
’Treasurer reported the funds on hand at $185,80. The 
President stated that the Society had expended since its 
i organization $75,000 forthe benefit Of agricult ure— $35,000 
f of which were paid for premiums. 
Maine Slate Ag. Society.- Pres’t-Seth Scaramon, Scar- 
■ boro. Sec'y-S. L. Boardman, Augusta. Tras’r—Win. 
| 9. Badger, Augusta. Trustees— George W. Richer, Sew- 
. ard Dill. 
Lincoln Co. {Me.) Ag. Society.- Pres’t-Thomas Sim- 
; mone, Waldoboro. Sec’y-Wm. 8. Brown, Waldoboro. 
Treas'r—Jo-n Bodge, Jefferson. 
1 Contoocook (N. H.) Ag. Society.- Pres’t-Horace Gove. 
L Vice-Pres’ts—Cornelius Coolidge, C. E. Potter. Sec’y— 
John F. Chase. Treas'r—J. C. Campbell. 
Wilmington {VI.) Ag. Society. -Pres’t— 9. B. Barnard. 
Vice-Pres’t—U. Kingsbury. Scc’y—C. C. Haskell. Treas'r 
I —J, H. Russell. 
s Orange Co. {Vt.) Ag. Society.— Pres't-Rufas H. Hyde, 
y Chelsea. Sec’y—Arad S. Corliss, Corinth. Treas’r — 
j Aaron Davis. 
Bristol Co. {Mass.) Ag. Society.— Pres’t—Nathan Dnr- 
e fee. Vice-Pres’:s-Edmnnd Rodman, Oliver S. Wilbur. 
i_ Treas’r—Samuel A. Dean, Sec’y—Robert Adams. 
Darke Co. {0.) Ag. Society.— Pres’t--George W. Studa- 
e baker. Vice-Pres’t—David Noggle. Managers—N. Ar- 
nold, A. Gaekill, H, Mills. The managers holding over 
t are Moses Hart, J. E. Matchett, JohD Stoltz, John Ivoster. 
g Richland Co. {O.) Ag. Society. —Pres’t—A. C. Welch. 
Vice-Pres’t—G, McFarland. Sec’y—George A. Clngston. 
a Treas’r—M. E. Douglas. Members of the Board—J. H. 
r ’ Brown, F. R. Palmer, A, O. Jump, 8. Fintcle. 
*5 Champaign Co. ( 0.) Ag. Society.— Pres’t—Dan’l Blose. 
k Vice-Pres't—Jos. Hill. Managers—Joseph Calland, M. V. 
4 b. Davie, P. W. Gnnckel, L. S. PnroeU, Ckae. Fox, E. L. 
II Dernpey. 
e ' Erie Co. {0.) Ag. Society.— Pres’t—D. C. Richmond. 
1, Vicc-Pree’t—W. H. Crane. Treas'r—A. W. Pront, Jr. 
Sec'y—J. D. Chamberlain. 
The Spring Elections. — Vote for the Rural! — An (J 
ardent friend of the Rural NEw-Yor.KHP.,-one who has | 
formed both fall and spring clubs for it, annually, for ee\- , 
oral years, and always takes a specimen of the paper when 
be goes to election, —suggests that we request it? friends 
ail over the country to vole for it on election day ; or rather 
that each subscriber, after voting for his favorite candi¬ 
dates, present the claim? of the Rcbal to his fellow towns¬ 
men aud receive subscriptions. Though uot entirely new, 
the suggestion is a good one. and we trust it will beaded 
upon by thousands of oar readers at thc approaching 
Town aud 9tate Elections, Remember, reader, that who¬ 
ever is Supervisor, Governor or President, it is important 
that the people be fed and clothed, —aud moreover that 
every family in the land should have more useful, enter¬ 
tain- : - and profitable reading than will be famished by 
cheap political and seusational papers duriug the Presi¬ 
dential campaign. Take, and believe in, partizan papers, 
if you like.bnt pray don’t forget that such a journal as the 
Rural is far better adapted to the family circle. Con¬ 
ceding this, will yon uot kindly act upon the suggestion 
of onr friend by taking a copy of the Rural to the elec¬ 
tion and there introducing it to the notice aud support of 
your townsmen? Those who dare not venture to sub¬ 
scribe for a year can try the Trial Trip—the thirteen num¬ 
bers of this Quarter—which is only fifty cents, as Stated 
at head of Publisher’s Notices on last page. By thc way, 
this same Trial Quarter is a capital thing to send distant 
relatives and friends—a token of remembrance that will not 
only gladden thc hearts of recipients, but afford pleasure 
and instruction wonh many times thc donor’s investment. 
-- 
Sale of a “Fast” and Famous Horse. —Recently 
Mr. Fawcett, thc former owner of Dexter, purchased of 
Messrs. Sherman and Kelly of Illinois, the noted trot¬ 
ting stallion Bashaw, Jr., whose speed on the turf last 
season was such that many extravagant offers were made 
tor him. The sale was brought about by Mr. Kellt jest¬ 
ingly offering the horse to Fawcett for $14.50 per lb., 
whicb was promptly accepted. On being put upon the 
scales the horse weighed 1,040 lbs,, and hence the price 
paid for him was $15,080. Bashaw, Jr., i“ seven years old, 
' and is reported to have trotted a mile in 2.27 when only 
| five years old. Many consider Bashaw, Jr., “the coming 
1 horse,” and next in value to Dexter, who has been with- 
- drawn from thc tnrf. 
Interesting to Reaper Manufacturers,— We lcara 
that the case of Jab. S. Marsh of Lewisbirg, Pa., and J . 
A. Dodge of Auburn, N. Y.. for a patent upon Self or 
Automatic Rake? for Harvesting Machines.—which had 
been thrice decided in the Patent Office in favorof Marsh, 
(first by the Examiner, then by the Board of Examiners 
on appeal, then by the Commissioner of Patents on an 
appeaita him. I —has been decided by the United Stales 
Court at Washington in favor of Col. Dodge upon all the 
points in controversy, This final decision renders Col. 
Dodge's right to thc invention permanent and indisputa¬ 
ble, and will augment the reputation or the already popu¬ 
lar “ Dodge Harvester.” 
Pea Culture.— The enbstitution of peas for corn, in 
fattening stock, is said to make a paving of from thirty 
to f \\ per cent., while the pea crop leaves the ground in 
fine tilth for the succeding one. We have heard Pennsyl¬ 
vania farmers say they would sow pea? on soddy ground, 
even it they did not feed them out to stock, as they left 
the land In such fine condition tor wheat or spring grain. 
More peas and leas corn will be the motto of many a 
farmer who has hitherto relied mainly on tbe latter for 
stock feeding purposes. Peas are raised at much less ex¬ 
pense than corn, are nearly as good for tatteuing hogs, 
and therefore should receive more attention than most 
farmers in the States have hitherto bestowed upon them. 
—- •♦♦♦- 
Work on “American Cattle."— We bare been fa¬ 
vored with advance sheets of a work on American Cattle, 
by non. Lewis F, Ailen. editor of the American llerd- 
Book, now in pre?s by Messrs. Thomas, Johnson & 
Howard, Buffalo, N. Y. Judging from the sheets before 
us we think the work will prove a long-needed and val¬ 
uable contribution to our Agricultural Literal a re—able, 
comprehensive and adapted to the country. The work is 
being neatly printed and illustrated, and will comprise 
some 500 duodecimo pages. We believe it is to be sold 
by subscription only. 
-- 
Fueding Mangers for Horses,— Many horse owners 
aim to place the racks and mangers of ibeir stables as 
high as the animals can reach and get then food. “It 
learns a horse to hold np its head.” they say, “and he 
looks better in the staff” Mr. Bonner of New York lets 
his valuable horses take their grain from a simple box set 
on the floor, and t'neir hay Is throwu down in Rout of 
them, He thinks thai nature placed the horse's food at 
hie feet, and in this respect it is wisdom to do likewise. 
We do not believe in forcing any stock to hold their 
heads in au unnatural and painful position when eating. 
-- 
Horse Medicines— 9. R. Camfbell, Mich., sends us 
two recipes. One good for heaves in horses, aud a sure 
cure for cough, is:—Wild turnip, 1 oz.; skuuk cabbage, 
1 oz.; elecampane, 1 oz.; lobelia seed, 1 oz.; dose, table- 
spoonfull every nigbt, The second is a liniment made as 
follows:—Oil of spike. 2 oz.; oil of aqua ammonia. 2 oz.; 
turpentine, 2 oz.; sweet oil aud oil of amber, of each 1)4 
oz.; mix, and call this good for everything, and keep it 
in the stables and house. 
_- -» ■ »♦♦ * ■»- 
RURAL BRIEF-MENTI0N1NGS. 
Corn is quoted all over Texas at 30 to 35 cts. per bushel. 
In fifteen years, sheep have increased in Ireland over 
1 , 000 , 000 . 1 , 
The most productive acre of corn in Ohio last year 
netted $51.75. 
It is claimed that California last year produced thirty- 
four million gallons of wine. 
It is injurious to allow cows to drink freely of cold 
water immediately all or eating. 
The renowned thorough-bred race-horse Kentucky has 
! been sold for * 10,000. the papers say. 
: One pound of the Goodrich potato has yielded 239 
! pounds. The seed consisted ot eyes. 
1 A Nebraska farmer having grown 72 acres of wheat, 
I found thc* expense per bushel to be .4 2-* cents. 
An Ohio farmer is of the opinion that the potato rot is 
mainly attributable to lack of drainage in the soil. 
The Illinois Ag. Society offers premiums of $100, $75, 
■ $50 and $25 fur the best groves of young forest trees. 
The subsoil aud “ pan ” of tbe Illinois prairies, accord¬ 
ing to Dr. McCord, arc very rich in all the mineral elements. 
There are 3,502 acres planted to grapes iu Northern 
Ohio, and along the river in the southern part 2,530 acres. 
The N. E. farmer says the two great enemies of the 
bee are worms and moisture, Why not add a thud in the 
. king-bird? 
The press in the South pretty generally concurs in the 
policy of diversifying the crop:-,-cotton being as one to 
four of others. 
The receipts of the N. Y. State Agricultural Society, 
r during the past year, were $40,587.99, aud the expendi¬ 
tures $27,637.48. 
The friends of fuel horses are giving rhe Agricultural 
’ Board of Illinois an occasional rap lor ruling out. racing 
- at the State Fair. 
Tn many parts of the South the people have commenced 
garden work. This sounds odd in a region where the tee 
’• is two feet thick I 
A western fanner says the present high price of flour 
is owing mainly to the fact that there is uot water enough 
to grinif the wheal. 
l ' cast-iron shoes on farm sleds arc cheaper than wooden 
0 nes, but they are not so easy for a team when the sled 
:r strikes bure ground. 
r w While CalLTornia i- producing $45,000,000 in gold, she 
produces $00,000:001) in farm products, aud $50,000,000 in 
>• manufactured goods. 
t. t i1e subject of producing an apple balf weet and half 
[, gour has commenced its annual travels through the col- 
nvnus of the agricultural press. 
A Farmers'Club in England has purchased large tracts 
of laud in lliinoi?, which are to be divided into small 
J. farm- and sold on favorable terms. 
j. Bn Dodd now of Baltimore,Bay? that he believes that 
the 'pleura ‘pneumonia, which made its appearance in 
Massachusetts iu 1850, is now prevalent in Maryland. 
J- lT ; g aa i d president Johnson has purchased a farm of 
r. i poo acres iu Tennessee, to which lie will retire at the 
expiration of his present term of office. Sensible, it true 
