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FOR THE WEEK ENDING SATURDAY, MARCH 21, I8D8 
buckwheat might often as well be grown as not on 
places which otherwise wonld produce nothing, and 
peas might precede wheat on clean sod land, instead 
of summer fallowing. On a well organized farm no 
land should be idle, and no opportunity should be 
lost to produce something - which shall augment the 
aggregate of food. It is a rule which has hardly an 
exception that the farmer who produces the great¬ 
est average per acre, makes the largest profits. 
your teeth, but apply the consolation. Fretting will 
do no good. B 
Hindaburgb, N. Y., March, 1868. 
MOOBE’S BUBAL NEW-YORKER, 
AN ORIGIN AX. WEEKLY 
AGRICULTURAL, LITERARY AND FAMILY NEWSPAPER, 
II. L. Salsbury of the same place as our corres¬ 
pondent above, sends us the following article on 
bean culture: 
Oar soil varies from black mold to patches of red 
and blue clay, and light, drifting, sandy loam, all of 
which will produce varied quantities of all kinds of 
beans. The richer the better, even to flat intervale 
flowed lands. 1 should think the larger part of our 
area of lands is a heavy, gravelly soil, extending to 
the shore of Lake Ontario. The kinds of beans in 
most general culture are, pea beans, early and late, 
marrows, mediuinB, blue pods and Whitesborough.’ 
The kidney is uot raised in quantities here. 
(Quantity in a Hill. — We go by the acre. I think 
of the late pea, I have raised from fifteen to thirty- 
five and rorty bushels to the acre from ten and 
twelve quarts of seed. Of these kinds, we calculate 
to the acre, 10 quarts, which will average, from six to 
eight in a hill. Four of the late kind in hills 2t£ feet 
each way will cover the ground completely up, in 
their best bloom. Of the marrows, bushels to 
the acre; of the mediums, usually three pecks to a 
bushel; Whitesborough, one bushel to the acre. I 
am not much acquainted with the blue pods. 
Hunting. — We have two-horse and one-horse 
planters, with slide, and cyliuder droppers. I use 
Bradford’s one-horse cylinder planter; the gauge 
rows of this are SJ-r, feet apart, and in the row one 
foot. Tin's will plant ten acres in a day. It drops 
in hills. It is necessary to run the planter once 
or twice across the ends on which the team turns to 
finish the lot. The late pea bean is very accommo¬ 
dating to the weather, adjourning its growth in the 
dry, aud continuing to blow and grow in wet weather, 
and requiring from the 20th to the 25th of May to 
the 10th and 15th of September. I have planted them 
from the 1st to the Sth of June, and sowed the same 
ground to wheat by the loth of September. The 
early pea will ripen in from (X) to 70 days; no ad¬ 
journment for drouth; and if very dry will shrink to 
a small yield; with fair showers will cover the ground 
and yield bountifully, say 30 bushels to the acre. The 
farmers are planting a good many of these, they be¬ 
ing the earliest to sow wheat after. 
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PROSPECTS OP COTTON GROWING 
Our engraving portrays Mr. M’ Combos’ s polled 
ox “Black Priuce,” which lttet year won the first 
prize of the Hmithtield Club, and also took the 
highest honors at other shows in England. The 
animal has become famous among breeders and 
feeders, and hence the portrait, which we take from 
the London Illustrated News, will interest many of 
our readers. Premising that Mr. M’C’oMniKhas been 
a successful breeder of polled-Angus cattle in Aber- 
denshire, Scotland, for many years,— often wiuning 
the highest prizes at large exhibitions,—we give the 
following from a London pnpm relative to his fat 
ox Black Prince“ The greto Alack ox, bred by Mr. 
M’Comiue, which carried oti \\ the uonors at the 
Dr_i . , * , r 
them. They were, however, easily satisfied with a 
more modest portion, when they learned that a rib 
would weigh twenty pounds. 
“A few gentlemen met in the slaughter-house in 
Southinolton Lane, to see the prize beast killed. 
Here a considerate butcher explained that the 
Queen's baron consisted of the two sirloins, the two 
rumps, and two aitch-bones. The head had been 
reserved by Mr. M’Combie, who had given special 
Instructions to a furrier for its preservation. The 
tail and hair were claimed as “drOver’B perkies,” but 
Messrs. L ydstone & Co. were obliged to lay a prior 
claim thereto; aud the tail will in future adorn the 
interior of their shop. One enthusiastic butcher 
Who patted the fat sides of the patient animal, de¬ 
clared that since lie was ‘ rocked out of a cradle into 
a slaughter-house ’ he had never seen a finer ox. 
“ When alive, Black Prince weighed 2,588pounds; 
and his dead weight was found to be l,9f»3 pounds. 
The bftrou weighed 682 pounds; and special machin¬ 
ery was erected at Osborne to roast it. Notwith¬ 
standing the demand, the purveyors sold the whole, 
including the baron, at Is. per pound.” 
derives from them the most benefit. In planning 
for the various standard crops, therefore, these 
minor onoB should not be overlooked, and upon 
them we will offer a few suggestions. 
A small area of land devoted to roots, will afford 
a large amount of food in proportion to the labor 
and land required, the quality of which is of great 
value —almost Indispensable —in Us healthful and 
fattening effect on stock. Tbe cost of keeping horse 
teams, which is large, may be greatly reduced, and 
their health and vigor promoted at the same time, 
by a supply of carrots for their food. Sugar beets, 
or mangel wurtzels, are eqnally valuable for cows; 
and turnips for Bhcep. Farmers as a class, dislike to 
“putter” with these crops, but when a man once 
gets in the way of growing a supply he rarely aban¬ 
dons it; the greatest difficulty Is in getting started. 
For growing the long roots, as carrots or beets, a 
very good way is to set off and keep a patch for that 
especial purpose. In that case it is likely to be bet¬ 
ter prepared and cultivated than if its location be 
changed yearly; besides, if there is a field especially 
for the roots very likely they will be grown eneh 
year, whereas, if the plan is to raise them in a field 
with some other crop, noue but the most thorough 
farmers, and they are not in the 
Birmingham and London shofrs, iv.is slaughtered by 
Messrs. Lydston'e A Scarlett of New Bond Street. 
When it became kuown that He:' Majesty, after see¬ 
ing the animal at Windsor, had ordered the baron, 
there was considerable anxiety manifested by the 
customers of the firm to have some portion. Gen¬ 
tlemen who had been accustomed to order four 
pounds of beef at a time wrote, threatening to with¬ 
draw their custom if a rib were not reserved for 
ONE WAY 
My neighbor borrows and reads the Rural, and I 
am in the mood to pen a bit of sly rebuke at him 
through its columns. Passing his place last eve¬ 
ning, the following pleasant review of his domestic 
economy passed under my eye : 
The cows, colts and calves were in promiscuous 
assembly, humpbacked and lean and forlorn, on the 
ice around a frozen-up water trough, in a bleak and 
shelterless stock yard. A wiry, bristly old sow, 
and a half dozen ghostly shotes, were standing, 
stark and straight, In a pen iu the corner of the 
door yard, “ petitioning for swill”—no friendly roof 
to entice piggy in from the biting blast. Chanti¬ 
cleer and his gadding bevy of pullets were flying up 
to roost on a wide-spreading apple tree, and under¬ 
neath stood the family chariot, its tongue cracked 
and lashed with a piece of clothes line. A load of 
coal was piled against the side of the house, covered 
with snow; thence the good; wife, chattering with 
the cold, was fingering lumps into a 7mall wash tub. 
The big gate at the highway was rickety and b ait 
open, and somebody’s stray bull was regaling him¬ 
self at the corn crib—said crib constructed of poles, 
roofless and vulnerable on all sides. 
Three yellow, stump-tailed curs were in heroic 
battle over a bone; spying the wayfarer, they rushed 
out en nuisse, to snap and snarl at my passing heelB. 
The well was pnmpless and curbless, and bard by, 
lyiogon the ground, an ice-bound rope attached to 
an ice-laden bucket. A cranny in the sash was fes¬ 
tooned with a pillow, and some loose bricks from 
the chimney top had slid half Way down the roof. 
From the dingy streakiness of the house, it must 
have rejoiced in a coat of paint away back in the 
misty past. A “Leaning Tower of Fisa” sort of a 
stable, “open to conviction” and cold, suggested 
sprightly 'steeds, to sight obscure,— towering to¬ 
wards its top rose the manure heap, with a fork 
prodding helplessly through the trap door in a vain 
essay to elevate a little more of the compost to its 
apex. The sled was minus a runner, and the grind¬ 
stone a leg, and the dilapidated old eat her beaute¬ 
ous tail. 
in the back ground, dimly seen, rose ragged 
hedges and tumble-down fences, and, in the bare 
field, something resembling “muchly” the briar 
patches and stiff, sullen million stalks to memory 
green away back on your Eastern slopes. A hay 
stack was offering up its topmost layers, a tribute 
to float piecemeal on the winter blast, and—“ much 
remains unsung,” for the why that I was too far 
gone by to see aught more. 
All this On an Illinois Fmirie 1 Plowist. 
impoverished only to the depth of from four to eight 
inches. Suppose the subsoil were equally exhausted 
by Mr. Greeley’s system of extra deep cultivation, 
and the export of Southern staples, how much would 
that add to the intrinsic value of our old Helds? 
The philosopher of the Tribune must see that it is 
not so much deeper tillage as the fundamental prin¬ 
ciple of restitution to all cuWuakd land that our Na¬ 
tional Agriculture now demands. At what price 
improved farms may be estimated or chauge owners, 
is a matter of little moment; while to deplete the 
soil of the nation to the depth of two feet, and gain 
little beside intense political discord and heavy taxes, 
is something that deeply affects present and unborn 
generations. Property in combustible cities and else¬ 
where very perishable, which has been called into 
existence at the expense of the soil, represents the 
greatest folly and mistake of the age; for the time is 
coming when indefinite millions will want more 
bread than they can easily obtain, aud stone aud 
brick and mortar in cities, no matter how polished 
or beautiful in architecture, :unnot be eaten to sat¬ 
isfy the cravings of burger. Sound philosophy 
teaches the wisdom of preventing great calamities 
by foreseeing them through careful and profound 
majority, would 
carry it out every year. One acre devoted to the 
culture of the long roots, may he made to furnish a 
tolerable supply for the wants of the horses and 
cows of an ordiuary hundred-acre farm. And there 
will he some to spare to the breeding sows aud store 
pigs, which will devour them greedily. This acre 
should be of rich soil; we should prefer clay to 
grave], and a day and sand loam would be best. It 
should he worked very deep with a subsoil plow 
and made dry; then it should be manured. The 
cultivation ought to be fifteen to twenty inches in 
depth. In thiB way, although only one acre is 
planted, yet nutriment and growth equal to two or 
three as ordiuarily cultivated, are got. A yield of 
teu or twelve hundred bushels annually will result, 
and perhaps the farmer will learn such a lesson about 
the effects of high culture as will benefit him to the 
extent of thousands of dollars in other branches of 
farming. The method of culture is simple: plant in 
drills not more than twenty inches or two feet apart, 
use a special cultivator —the subsoil plow run be¬ 
tween the rows is very effectual when the ground 
gets a little hard and dry — thin the plantB in the 
silly “ love of money ” which is “ the root of all evil.” 
Shallow thinkers want, or fancy they want, all the 
elements of crops that plowing nine, twelve, eighteen 
and twenty-four inches can possibly develop, in 
deeply tilled earth, in order to have the name and 
fame of being rich, thorough and skillful farmers. 
Tt is not enough that American Agriculture robs the 
soil of the fertilizing atoms necessary to form the 
nation’s bread, meat aud clothing, in all coming 
time, to the depth of six inches, to build up artificial 
cities in habits of most wasteful extravagance. These 
insatiable consumers of the natural fruitfulness of a 
continent demand and applaud deeper and still 
deeper cultivation, to augment tbe supplies, wealth 
and growth of municipal bodies, which do not re¬ 
store to impoverished and distant fields one pound 
of good manure to compensate for the removal of a 
ton of crops. Sound thinking men iu cities cannot 
fail to see that this never-ceasing drain on the soil of 
the whole country must ultimately raise the price of 
grain, cotton and all provisions, from their extreme 
scarcity, to a general famine standard. It is to pre¬ 
vent, if possible, the deep exhaustion of American 
soil and subsoil, to the incalculable Injury of all 
alike, that I criticise the philosophy which under¬ 
lies the following remarks of Horace Greeley : 
“I hold it demonstrated that the average value of land 
In tillage is pretty accurately measured by the depth to 
which it has been thoroughly worked. That is to say. if 
a farm of one hundred acres, whereof one-half has beeu 
tilled, and which has on that half an average denth of sir 
uu.jr vn-pm ui six ? wui any sane man give 
more tor land whose elements of the human brain, 
bone and muscle had been removed from clay aud 
saud to the depth of two feet, than he would if re¬ 
moved only to one-fourth of that depth ? The old 
cotton and tobacco States have many million acres 
