AGRICULTURE 
TERMS J 98.00 PEH YEAS. 
TERMS, \ ain(tle c Si ^c; 
FOR TH8 WEEK ENDING SATURDAY, APRIL ID, 1888 
and when idle, or doing but little, restrict them to 
hay, or rather fodder and grass. Bat with system¬ 
atic farming, and the introduction of much ma¬ 
chinery which requires the work of horses, it has 
come to pass that the team is fully employed on the 
farm, daring most of the year when the weather is 
suitable for outdoor labor. As an example, take 
the period of haying and harvesting, which formerly 
was a resting time for the team, bnt one of severe 
work for the man; now, the horse reaps and mows, 
rakes and pitches, and his master gnides him. The 
horse has become a daily laborer on the farm, as he 
should be, during all seasons when the weather per- 
Under these conditions of 
MOORE’S RURAL UEW-YORKER, 
AN ORIGINAL WEEKLY 
AGRICULTURAL, LITERARY AND FAMILY NEWSPAPER. 
CONDUCTED I*Y D. D. T. MOORE, 
(PUBLISHER AND PROPRIETOR,) 
With a Corps of Able Associates and Contributors 
nuts of outdoor work 
labor his treatment should be changed from that 
established to meet earlier necessities, and we will 
otier some suggestions. 
In the point of economy it is cheaper to bring all 
the food which the horse consumes to him, in the 
stable, than to suffer the animal to graze it from the 
turf. Experiments in soiling warrant the assertion 
that one-half the area of land will be required, to 
grow succulent food for the horse, that would be 
needed to furnish him with good pasture, lienee 
it is cheaper to stable the horse than to allow him 
to graze, and this we believe to be the proper course, 
provided there is a good stable- 
HUNGARIAN GRASS AND MULLET. 
Observing in the Rural several inquiries aboul 
the above-named crops, permit a short article ii 
response. 
Hungarian grass (Panictcm Genma/nicutn) was in- 
AGRICULTURAL 
troduced into the United States, as a substitute for 
grass, by Hungarians who settled in Iowa, where 
they found it difficult to maintain permanent mead¬ 
ows by reason of the freezing out of grass during 
winter and spring. It is an annual grass, designed 
for a forage and hay crop, and worthless for pasture. 
That it, is valuable for cutting green, or for hay and 
its seed, has been so well demonstrated by continued 
cropping as to admit of no question, it is often 
called Hungarian Millet, as it belongs to the Millet 
family, though differing materially from the Millet 
in general cultivation, (Ihnicum JliUiaccmn ,) which 
in many respects it resembles. Hungarian grass 
grows with a green, soft, glass-like stem, with many 
leaves from the ground upward, terminat.imr in a 
one that is roomy, 
well ventilated, cool in summer and warm in win¬ 
ter. It may be a good thing to give irtm a short 
run to pasture early in the summer, when the. grass 
is fresh and before lly time, but at all other seusons 
we should prefer the stable to the held for feeding 
purposes. There he is sheltered from all storms, 
he is ready for service at instant call, he is not lia¬ 
ble to injury by violent running, nor is he breaking 
over fences into your own or your neighbor’s crops. 
We grant tliere is more trouble in grooming, more 
care in feeding incurred, but this is more than re¬ 
paid in the manure saved, which on the pasture is 
almost worthless, and iu the constant readiness and 
ability of the horse to perform work. 
Ilorse railroad, omnibus and other companies 
have, by careful experiment and investigation, de¬ 
termined what is the best and cheapest food for 
their teams; it consists chiefly of ground grain of 
feet apart, and nailed to the studs at each intersec 
tion. (See figure.) These ribs serve as braces tc 
the building, besides acting as supports for the out¬ 
side boarding. I nail them on over doors and win 
dnws, and afterwards saw out those that interfere 
'rith the openings. It will be seen that it requires 
no more lumber than to put them on horizontally, 
yet they make the building much stitfer. My house 
might be rolled over and not be crushed. The Ital¬ 
ian style requires a low roof Mine is oneMifth pitch. 
Construction,— The order of putting the house 
together is: — The cellar walls, sills and lower joists, 
studs and upper joists, rafters, ribs, vertical board¬ 
ing, window frames, cornices, and, lastly, the roof. 
All the joists are 18 feet long, 2 by 8 inches, and 16 
inches apart, so that the lower joists will rise 2 
inches above the sills, which are 6' byS Inches. This 
arrangement is for the purpose of giving the sills 
plenty «j air , as nothing contributes more to the de¬ 
struction of timber than close confinement. The 
space thus left between the floor and sills must be 
filled with cobble stones and coarse gravel, to allow 
the air to circulate, aud keep the rats out. I prefer 
machine-planed vertical boarding to clapboards, but 
they must be of uniform width—11 inches; battens 
2 inches. 
The Roof.—Z inc or copper gutters must be used 
where the tower joins the main building, and at the 
w:house 
16 x 20 
PANTRY 
5 X 10 
B. ROOM 
9 X 10 
KiTOHEN 
DINING ROOM 
14 X 13 
B. ROOM 
9 X 10 
PORC- 
9X9 
PARLOR 
17 X IS 
FLAN A.— GROUND FLOOR. 
Cellar.— The cellar requires 14 cords of stone. 
It will be found as cheap to make the cellar under 
the whole building, as the walls should be of the 
same height, seven feet throughout, to prevent une¬ 
qual settling. Cellars are generally dug too low. 
My excavation is only 18 inches. The practice of 
setting stone edgewise for ‘underpinning ’ should 
he avoided; they arc better laid flat, taking care 
that none reach through the wall. 
i he experienced wheat grower who may read 
these letters need not be told that many circum¬ 
stances, such as the quality and condition of the 
soil, time of seeding, iVc., materially affect the ques¬ 
tion as to the quantity of seed of an average size one 
ought to sow or plant on an acre. The writer’s ex¬ 
perience, reading and observation on many fields of 
growing wheat, lead to the conclusion that this 
grain should be cultivated with a horse-hoe or culti¬ 
vator, in drills, without crowding the plants to 
restrict the sunshine and food which fall to the 
share of each. The West Chester JeffcMrtrmm ip,. > 
muvYu iua,i, lormeny much in ase among 
the laboring population. With us the seed is grown 
as food for animals, and especially for poultry, by 
which it is much relished. Many farmers esteem it 
of equal value to corn for such purposes, though 
this is clearly an over-estimate. For other purposes 
than feeding fowls it should always be ground It 
has been extensively grown for soiling, and is held 
in high estimation as a substitute for hay. Indeed, 
when accustomed to its use, horses and cattle prefer 
it to the best quality of clover and timothy hay. 
Millet may be grown successfully upon ground that 
would yield a good crop of oats, or, better still a 
good crop of corn. Thorough tillage and manure 
are congenial to its prosperity. A favorite method 
of growing vlillet is upon green sward, fall plowed, 
or turned w Ith care to a good depth in spring. In 
this latter manner many poor meadows might be 
made to yield largely in excess of the usual crop. 
Millet Is recommended not merely as food for 
stock, but will be found a suitable crop for making 
clean lands without summer fallow or the more la- 
bm ious process of a hoed crop. When sown thick 
it seldom permits anything else to grow upon the 
land. The same is true of Hungarian grass, from 
which farmers may see the utter folly of trying to 
seed land with clover or timothy vith either crop. 
From the imperfect manner in which the seeds 
ripen, much may fail to germinate and the amount 
of seed used to an acre, varies from half to one 
bushel. When grown for hay the thick sowing 
now. 
DAIRY H. 
' '''vX'/sy-v /'" 3^ :mI w\ mm > j : vra 
arrangement op studs and ribs. 
The Frame. — A well-made ‘balloon’ Game is 
much cheaper and better for all houses of moderate 
height than a timber frame. It adapts itself better 
to circumstances. It is more plastic* so to sneak-. 
The keeping of necessary teams is a great tax on 
the farmers of the Eastern and Middle States, where 
every acre of land is supposed to be of use, and every’ 
bushel of grain or pound of buy will biiug cash at 
the door. Horses are costly in many ways; they are 
very liable to injuries and diseases which spoil their 
usefulness, and in that case, or when conquered by 
old age, the capital invested, as well as the use of 
it, is gone, they are troublesome to keep, requir¬ 
ing stables and care, and high fences when pastured 
to keep them within bounds; they are the most ru¬ 
inous to grass land of any stock that feeds on it, and 
in the barn their wants require the largest mow and 
fallest bin. As they are indispensable, it is worth 
the farmeiswhile todi-coverand adopt thecheapest 
and most p'ractical system of keeping his horses. 
It is the most usual practice among farmers to 
stable them during the cold season and let them run 
to pasture through the remainder; the majority feed 
grain liberally when their horses are working hard 
PLAN B. 
A. Wood-House; A, Kitchen: 
Porch; F* Sitting-Room ; (?, 
try; b, b, Closets. 
For those requiring a moi 
ment plan B is offered —it ii 
of the original.” 
plant over a peek of wheat on an acre; which being 
hand-hoed and duly irrigated, gave him 100 pecks, or 
“ one hundred fold.” Had he put Ik bushels of seed 
on an acre, nothing short of a supernatural power 
would have produced 150 bushels on an English acre. 
HeroIdotus, the father of history, informs us that 
the province of Babylon raised wheat at the rate of 
two hundred fold for the seed planted. From this 
statement it is a legitimate inference that the people 
land with either of the guesses of which mention 
has been made. And be it known and understood 
that neither of them are to he classed with pigeon 
grass or baru grass,—but are a legitimate seed and 
forage-producing crops well worth attention and 
cultivation where they are now treated with neglect. 
Canary Bird Cottage, Alden, N, Y. u. c. w. 
BRANT N 
