) 82 Buffalo St., Rochester, 
* | 41 Park Row, New York, 
TERMS 
FOR THE WEEK ENDING SATURDAY 
The first hoeing, the smaller the beans the 
£ ' better. Then before they blow, go once 
in a row, with a shovel-tooth cultivator, 
and if very weedy hoe again. A horse will 
cultivate acres in a day, the first time 
L through. If the weather is wet at harvest 
time, let them stand on the hill till the 
foliage is off, then pull and draw in. Get 
one or two days sun, if you put them in a 
large mow. Draw in, if very catching 
weather, the same day; put a loatTor two 
in a place, all over the bam; keep your 
doors open; in a day or two put in another 
layer, &c. if the weather is fair, pull them 
up in large handfuls, and stand them on the topB till 
just before drawing—fifty from four to eight days — 
then put them into cocks early in the morning, or 
at night when the dew is on. Do not be afraid of 
putting them in a mow. If very dTy tread them 
dowu, but do not if sappy. 1 have tried machines 
in thrashing to my satisfaction. I thrash them with 
horses. Be careful to have an old shovel for the ma- 
ure. Good luck to the coming campaign in beans.” 
seed dried by putting them into a vessel ^ 
with wood ashes, slaked lime, plaster of f ~vW-~ 
Paris, ground or pulverized guano, and /I 
thoroughly mixed with the ingredient so jy - 
that a portion will adhere to each seed. * "r jj 
The seed is then spread out to dry so that I |] 
they may pass readily through the planter, 
which shotild be set to sow the seed from f TV ~ 1 
one and a half to two inches deep, and in A 
rows or lines about eighteen inches asunder. 
More beets and sugar will be produced if 
the drills are less than one foot apart,, but 
the increased difficulty of cultivating, in 
narrow rows, is supposed to quite counter¬ 
balance the gain in production. 
Time <</ Sowing .— In tbe warmer sections of the 
country, if the ground has been properly prepared 
in the fall, planting in April might be advisable, but 
in the Northern and Western States it should be 
later, say from tbe first to the middle of May, or 
from that on till near the commencement of June. 
It is thought to be good policy to be as liberal, in 
the application of seed, as the planter will permit, 
as it is quite ns easy to pull out any surplus as to 
re seed vacaut places or put in extra plants. The. 
customary distance between these, when properly 
thinned for cultivation, is from twelve to fourteen 
iuches, bat the proportion of seed sown should con¬ 
template a nearer relation as much of it may fail to 
germinate. Any surplus, when the plants are up, 
can be readily removed to other places or lie thrown 
aside, according to circumstances. In France the 
quantity of seed sown per acre varies from nine to 
thirteen pounds. 
When the planting is done it is customary to roll 
the ground, packing the soil about the seed, thus 
increasing the chances of germiratiou. Under favor¬ 
able circumstances the plants will appear from eight 
to ten days after sowing, but should the time much 
exceed this, it will be advisable to examine the. seed, 
as it may have been of bad quality. If this is so, no 
time should be lost in re-planting unless it may be 
deemed advisable to substitute smother crop for the 
one intended. When the beet6 begin to show, grass 
and weeds may do the same. These should be as¬ 
sailed without delay or mercy, for it will prove im¬ 
possible to make a good yield of beets where the 
plants are choked with weeds which absorb the 
strength which should go to the development of the 
roots from whose juice sugar is to be extracted, and 
from whose leaves and pulp cattle are to be rendered 
sleek and comely. 
There are many varieties of the beet containing 
more or less saccharine matter, but the favorite one, 
for sugar purposes, in France, aud generally in the 
German States, is the White Silesian, which may be 
found at all of the principal seed stores in the 
cuuntry —selling at about ninety cents per pound 
by the quantity. 
Yield j>er Atrre.— With beets, as with everything 
else, the. yield per acre will depend on the quality of 
the soil, its good or indifferent preparation, manner 
of cultivation, and not a little on the character of 
the season. With a suitable soil and proper prepa¬ 
ration the yield per acre will not vary much from 
twenty tons on an average at a cost of about four 
dollars per ton, paper currency. This would give a 
cost of *80 per acre exclusive of the interest on the 
value of the land, which would be more than met by 
the fodder which the. tops aud pulp of the beets 
would supply. Assuming that the beets will give 
eight percent, in sugar—not an extravagant esti¬ 
mate.— it will be readily seen that their cultivation 
and manufacture must be highly remunerative at 
the present price of refined sugar. The assumed ex¬ 
pense per ton might be doubled and still leave a 
a margin of profit greater than most other farm pr#- 
dnets can furnish. 
It requires time to introduce successfully new 
features in Agriculture as the experiments in France 
in the beet sugar manufacture demonstrated, but 
success came there at last, aud now it is a leading 
interest in that country, as it is probably destined to 
become here before many years shall have passed 
away. Remarks on the method of havesting, stor¬ 
ing and manufacturing beets into sugar are reserved 
for future consideration. 
MOORE’S RURAL NEW-YORKER, 
AN ORIGINAL WEEKLY 
AGRICULTURAL, LITERARY AND FAMILY NEWSPAPER. 
CONDUCTED BY D. D. T. MOORE, 
(publisher and proprietor,) 
With a Corps of Able Associates and Contributors 
Terms, in Advance — Threb Dollars a Ysab:— Five 
copies for $14; Seven, and one free to Club Agent, for $19; 
Ten, aud one free, for — only $2.50 per copy. As we pre¬ 
pay American postage, $2.70 la tbe lowest Club rate to Canada 
and $8.50 to Europe. Tbe best way to remit tally Draft or 
Post-Oiflce Money Order,—and all Drafts and Orders made 
payable to tbe Publisher may be mailed at bib risk. 
All Business Letters, Contributions. &c., should be 
addressed to Rochester until otherwise announced. 
WILLIAMS’ PATENT FARM FENCE 
which is quickly and cheaply done. The post is 
staple shaped, made of seven-sixteenths iron and 
fastened in the stone, giving the same great strength. 
Boards, rails or poles cftD be used for wood material, 
and quite thin, flat stone are sufficient, aud holes 
for the foot of tbe posts need not be drilled. The 
cost of iron per rod is thirty cents, and the labor of 
construction about the same as board fence. Frost 
and wind do not disturb this fence; it is strong and 
durable and sufficient to turn all kinds of farm stock. 
11 is well adapted to top out a hai f wail with two rails.” 
Oitr engraving represents one of several modes of 
constructing a Farm Fence patented by Mr, 8. P, 
Williams of Sheridan, N. Y r . We have not seen 
this fence, but it is highly commended by the offi¬ 
cers of the Chautauqua Co. Agricultural Society, 
(on whose grounds it has been tested lor two years,) 
as will be seen by reference to advertisement in this 
paper. The inventor furnishes us the following 
description of his improvement: 
“The stoues are set in a ridge of earth thrown up 
with piow and shovel from 13 to 18 inches high, 
Several parties, from different sections of the 
country, have asked information relative to the 
manufacture of sugar from beets, with the intent 
to make the business a portion of farming opera¬ 
tions—one in a series of crop rotations. This be¬ 
trays a laudable ambition to make the farm supply 
the family wants, ns far as practicable, but we doubt 
whether the isolated manufacture of sugar, from 
beets, would prove a paying operation. There are 
but few farms whose yield of fruit would bear the 
sole expense of a cider mill, nor is it likely that the 
product of beets, on an ordinary farm, would war 
rant the outlay which a suitable factory for their 
manufacture into sugar, would involve. The better 
way would be, as in the case of the cider mill, to 
make one manufactory suffice for the wants of a 
considerable section of country. To this the beets, 
either in a green or dried state, could be transferred 
at the proper time and sold at a given rate per ton, 
or be manufactured a' so much per pound as might 
be agreed upon by the pailies to the arrangement. 
In some way, and this seems to be the best, the pro¬ 
duction of beets, for sugar purposes, seems highly 
desirable, because it supplies, at reasonable rates, a 
prominent article of household consumption. If 
the beets are to be transferred to a factory and the 
distance is considerable, the best way would be to 
cut the roots into small pieces—first washing them— 
and then drying by artificial beat. This will evolve 
eighty odd per ceut, of their weight, correspond¬ 
ingly diminish their bulk, leaving a residuum con¬ 
taining about tifty-tive per cent, of sugar, which is 
extracted by infusion after months of delay, if this 
becomes necessary. 
f>'oil ami Cultivation ,—As for the character of the 
soil, suited to the production of beets, few farmers 
who have raised this class of roots, will be likely to 
mistake. Land adapted to the production of corn 
and potatoes, if tolerably free from stone, will an¬ 
swer for beets if properly manured and cultivated. 
Deep, rich soils produce a greater aggregate weight 
of roots, per acre, than comparatively light and 
loamy ones, but.the produetof llie latter is relatively 
richer in saccharine matter than the former, though 
less productive in the elements of stock food — no 
inconsiderable item to be passed to the credit of beet 
culture. This crop, too, requires not ouly well pre 
pared and properly fertilized soil, hut also clean 
cultivation. By proper attention to this, the pro¬ 
duct of roots Is much enhanced, while the ground 
is left in admirable order for a grain or other crop, 
which it is desirable should succeed that of roots in 
a proper rotation. It is a conceded fact that, in 
every portion of Europe where the cultivation of 
the beet, for sugar purposes, bus been prosecuted, 
tbe land has steadily advanced in productive power, 
while farm stock shows a corresponding improve¬ 
ment. This results as well from the fertilizers sup¬ 
plied, a& to the deep plowing which is essential to a 
perfect development of the beet. In a word, beet 
raising c mnpds good husbandry — an important con¬ 
sideration to the land owner. 
Mowing the Seed. — in some parts of Europe beet 
seed is sown in propagating beds and the plants 
transferred to the rows in the fields, but, in a 
country where labor is as high as it is here, this 
method would ba much too costly to permit of its 
adoptiou. Economy, therefore, when any consider¬ 
able quantity of laud is to be devoted to beets, com¬ 
pels thejsubstitution of a machine or seed sower 
dropping the seed in the first instance in the place 
where it is designed to grow and mature. Such 
planters are common in this country aud require no 
description, but in order that their work may he 
done properly and the seed distributed evenly in 
the drills, some preparation is necessary. As the 
seed is rougli-eoated and of varying diameters, it is 
essential to reduce the whole, as nearly as may lie, 
to a uniform size. For this purpose it is customary 
to pass the seed through a screen with uniform 
meshes which will let the smaller escape and retain 
the larger. The first are of a size to permit them to 
emerge readily from the planter, while, the last are 
subjected to rubbings between two boards, displac¬ 
ing tbe rough edges and rendering them also suited 
to a proper disposition by the planter. 
When thus prepared the seed should be steeped in 
a solution composed of equal quantities of the sul¬ 
phate of potash and sulphate of lime, nine or ten 
ounces of each, and a gallon or so of warm water. 
After standing a short time, add live or six gallons of 
cold water and use enough of the compound to cover 
the quantity of seed designed for one sowing. After 
standing five or six hours the liquid is poured off, the 
that the grass were mown, through the summer, 
every ten days ; what, then, would be its growth ? 
It is quite evident, that with such numerous cut- 
tiugs, not more than one-third of its ordinary growth 
would be made. This consideration alone is a 
strong inducement to discontinue pasturing. We 
intend in these short articles, to give only facts, and 
those mostly of our own experience. We have tried 
the soiling system for twelve years, and have en¬ 
deavored to bring it to tbe test of exact experi¬ 
ment. First, we tried to determine tbe feeding 
value of one-fourth of au acre ii^.clover; and for 
this purpose three 
EXPERIMENTS 
were made in three different seasons. Let it be 
premised that the soil is a t. ay loam, put in fine 
condition after twenty yeal k f be.’ farming — the 
clover just coming into blot Jlm. On the first ex¬ 
periment, seven cows and four horses, equal to 
twelve cows, were fed fifteen dayB. On the second 
experiment six cows and five horses were fed four¬ 
teen days, and ou the third eleven cows were fed 
sixteen days, in each case on one catting of clover 
on forty rods of ground. It will be seen that one- 
fourth of an acre of ground, In the several cases, 
was equal to keeping one cow from one hundred 
and sixty-eight to one hundred and eighty days or 
about equal to the pasturing season. These crops, 
however, were much above an average, and forty 
rods of ground could not be regarded as sufficient 
allowance to a eow for a season, unless the land is 
in fine condition, yielding a large crop. 
Another, and more extensive experiment, was 
made in the summer of 18(53, when twenty steers, 
four years old, seven cows and six horses, equal to 
thirty-five cows, were soiled from the 30th day of 
May to the 1st of December. For the purpose of 
this trial, one hundred acres were'set apart-, occu¬ 
pied as follows: Ninety acres in timothy grass, five 
acres in timothy and clover, two in clover, one in 
oats and two acres in sown com. About four acres 
of this were in extra condition, and fifty in poor 
condition. First the two acres of clover were fed, 
then the five acres of clover and timothy, next the 
acre of oats and timothy till it became too tough, 
then the second cutting of clover, and lastly the 
two acres of sown corn with the last cuttings of 
clover and some hay to the first of December. In 
short, they were fed from this hundred acres for six 
mooths and ten days, with a surplus of sixty-live 
tons of hay, which was sold for $973. But hud 
these animals been judiciously pastured upon this 
hundred acres all would have been used, and the 
food would have been insufficient in the dryest part 
of the season. These steers averaged 1,100 pounds 
per bead, and as good light beef cattle were then 
worth only three cents per pound, live weight, and 
cows at that time being low, the $973 for which the 
surplus was sold, would have purchased the twenty- 
seven head of cattle and one of the horses. We 
mention this latter circum-tmce to show how dis¬ 
astrous would have been the results of pasturing. 
But, says one, “How stands the labor account? 
Before we get at the true protits we must deduct the 
labor.” The labor was particularly noted. It took 
three men two hours each day, to do the labor of 
cutting for and feeding these animals. VYages at 
that time being only twelve dollars per month and 
board, the labor account, including board, was only 
8(55. This included all except, tbe use of a horse to 
haul in the grass. Let us deduct the expense of 
cutting and putting in barn the sixty-five tons of 
hay, say at that time $1.35 per ton, or 881.35, to 
which add the *(55 for labor of feeding, and we have 
$1-16.35, which deducted from the $973 leaves $835.75 
as the net profits of this soiling experiment. But 
there is still to be mentioned, as further profit, one 
hundred loads of manure, saved in the best condi¬ 
tion, worth $1GU more. And it win readily be seen, 
that, had the whole hundred acres been in good 
eoudition, tbe surplus Would have beeu more than 
doabled. This experiment appeared to be eonclu 
sive us to tbe profits of soiling. 
CONDITION OF ANIMALS SOILED. 
Grant that animals are much cheaper kept by 
soiling, “ What is their comparative condition under 
this system ?” This is an important question aud 
to answer it we will give the tests applied. Five 
steers and heifers were put into a good pasture and 
kept for three months, during the best part of the 
season, while as many more of the same age and 
condition at start, were soiled, and on comparison, 
nt the end of three months, those soiled were found 
in decidedly the best condition, The same cows 
were soiled one season and pastured the next, and 
their condition was better when soiled than pas¬ 
tured ; and uniformly, soiling has improved the 
condition of our animals. We have cows that have 
been soiled for six consecutive seasons and kept in 
good condition and uniform health. Soiling must 
be very conducive to the health of animals, as the 
feeder may always have an abnndant supply of 
food, while pasturing, frequently, affords a large 
supply at one season and a very meager one at an¬ 
other. This method of feeding will be found very 
profitable for all fattening animals, as it enables the 
feeder to command their condition. A slight addi¬ 
tion of grain to their green foc*t. will fit them for 
market. And this will apply as well to sheep as 
cattle. All profitable feeding should be conducted 
in summer, ns it requires less food and less time 
than in winter. The dajrymau under this system 
will be able, always, to give his cows an abundant 
supply of food to produce the greatest profit; and 
finding a cow that will uot bear high feeding with 
out laying on llcsh, she is soon ready for the butch¬ 
er and sold without loss. E. w. s. 
A Parlna Plow. 
A C'ORKESi’ON dent asks for information about the 
effect of paring and burning turf, and whether there 
is an implement specially intended for cutting sod. 
Oar engraving shows the form of a very good turf 
paring plow which loosens and leaves the sod in 
long strips, about one foot wide aud as deep as may 
be required, which are cut into smaller pieces with 
a sharp spade. Turf paring is usual!) doue with one 
of two objects in view; cue to collect sods from 
waste places for the purpose of composting with 
other substances for manure ; the other for burning 
them, when dry, on the land. The latter is consid¬ 
ered a very ameliorating process for stiff' clay soils, 
as it changes their mechanical struct ure, rendering 
them more friable and lively, and the aebC6 quicken 
the growth of vegetation ; it is practiced in England 
to a considerable extent, but is not much known in 
this country. It would Becm that this Implement 
would be serviceable on old, turf-bound grass lands 
to loosen and cut the sod, which operation could be 
followed by harrowing, reseeding and rolling. 
Thrashing.— Flails vs. Machines. 
“Tumbling Rod,” Ypsilanti, Mich., writes :— “I 
saw an article in a late number of the Rural about 
thrashing with llails and machines. The writer says 
it is cheaper to thrash with a ilail than with a ma¬ 
chine; he also tries to prove his assertion, but to 
my uiind utterly fails. According to his figures be 
charges $2.50 per day for each team, which is just 
$1.00 too much, since he pays but $1.50 per day for 
each man ; a man counts as much as a team at such 
work, in this State. But the biggest blunder tbe 
writer made was where he charged the loss sustained 
in selling wheat last August to the machine side of 
the account. He has no right to compare the price 
of grain in August with the price in February, and 
use it as an argument; in fact, it is no argument at 
all; for Isn’t it just os easy keeping thrashed as nn- 
thrashed grain? And if the gentleman can “keep 
cool and never do things in a hurry” when bis wheat 
is in the gavel, then he can when it is in the bin. He is 
uot obliged to burn his fingers because some one else 
will. Every fanner knows that thu prices of grain 
are as apt to decrease as increase after thrashing. If 
wheat had declined 70 cents on a bushel methinks 
the shoe would have pinched the other foot. 
Now, I wish to show what my figures will do. 
Cost of thrashing 800 bn. of wheat, with machine . ,$18 00 
Seven additional hands one day. 10 50 
Three '* teams “ . 4 50 
Board for ten men. 5 (X) 
Oats for ten horses. 3 00 
Cost of thrashing (total).$-11 00 
Cost of thrashing 300 bushels of wheat with flail, 80 bu. 
Now, 30 bushels at $2.70 per bushel.$ol DO 
Board of one man 20 days... 15 00 
Two days cleaning grain. 2 00 
Cost of thrashing (total).$08 00 
The above ligurus show a gain of $57.00 in favor of the 
machine. 
I've just one more, thing to add. The writer makes 
a great many figures which hu might have dispensed 
with, for all his gaiti is just simply the rise on wheat 
and oats. If he had left that out as he ought to have 
done he would have suffered a loss of $16.(50 by 
thrashing with a flail.” 
Ring - Bone. 
“ G. H. B.,” Ohio, writes:—“ I want a cure for a 
ring-bone on a horse, that will remove the lump and 
leave the hair smooth and right.” This want has 
been one of long standing, and not likely to be 
soon supplied. In the case of young animals, where 
the ailment is of recent development, a suspension 
of labor or severe exercise, coupled with bathing of 
the affected part with cold water and the applica¬ 
tion of ointments as prescribed In the books, may 
effect a cure so complete as to leave no trace of a 
blemish. But such cases are believed to be rare— 
exceptions rather than the rule. This ring or blem¬ 
ish results from an effort of nature to repair an 
injury by throwing around the affected joint an 
extra support in the shape of a ring or clasp de¬ 
rived from the cartilage and underlying bone. In 
some cases this support does uot prevent the action 
of the joint below; in others a species of consoli¬ 
dation takes place, and a stiff joint is the result. 
In either case, the ring-bones of old horses partake 
so largely of earthy or lime matter as to be insensi¬ 
ble to external applications or to internal remedies. 
But in cases of recent development, especially in 
young horses, YOU ATT recommends keeping the 
animal in a state of rest while giving such nourish¬ 
ment as will tend to keep the system in a cool con¬ 
dition, The affected parts should be fomented with 
warm water and purgative medicines administered. 
Ou the subsidence of the infianimatiuu a counter-ir¬ 
ritant in the shape of a blister may be resorted to, or 
an actual cautery. When no lameness attends the 
development of the ring, the latter treatment is 
recommended for adoption at once. 
It is the first duty of an agricultural journal to 
keep its readers posted on all matters pertaining to 
their business. Although it is not expected to 
originate new processes or make discoveries in 
their application, but, rather to survey the whole 
field, note improvements everywhere, collate, ar¬ 
range and bring them before its whole audience. 
And with this end in view, we propose to give the 
readers of the Rural a condensed statement of the 
important subject at the head of this article. 
Soiling proposes to the farmer no less than a plan 
to double his capacity for keeping stock, without 
increasing his acres. While the country is new, 
laud cheap, rough with stumps and difficult of cul¬ 
tivation, little attention will be paid to economising 
it; but, when numerous cities spring up, and land 
becomes dear, its early fertility nearly spent, Ihen 
the farmer listens eagerly to whatever will increase 
the product and value of hie land. And we trust 
that many thousands of our readers are just uow in 
this condition of eagerness to learn. 
Soiling is cutting and feeding the green food of 
summer to animals, instead of pasturing them. 
Animals in cropping the grass for themselves, tread 
and lie upon it, and eating it off so frequently, pre¬ 
vent that rapid growth which it makes when undis¬ 
turbed. This latter fact is illustrated, by supposing 
Bots,—A Potato Remedy. 
O. Rockwell, Mongaup Valley, N. Y., writes the 
New York Observer that a friend of his destroyed 
the hots in his horses by administering potato juice. 
A quart of this extract passed down the throat of a 
horsC suffering from hots, gave speedy relief from 
pain, while a large quantity of dead bots passed away 
from the animal, A preliminary experiment was 
made with bots taken from the stomach of a dead 
horse. They were immersed in spirits or turpen¬ 
tine and other fluids, usually fatal to iusect life, 
without any apparent injury, when the juice of the 
potato was substituted and Killed, them immediately. 
Curved Ilaru —Remedy, 
“ A SubscribbR)” Lebanon, N. Y., writes: —“In 
answer to the inquiry of J. F. Conklin, I would 
say that his heifer’s horns cau be raised by means 
of pulleys. Fasten a pulley over her head in the 
stall, and another in front or behind her, out of the 
way. Put a cord through and fusten it by putting 
a button on tbe end of her horn, and apply a weight 
of two or three pounds. This is no inconvenience 
to the animal, as the change is so gradual. It will 
not fail, for we have tried it in many instances.” 
Cultivation of Beaus. 
H. L. Salsbury, Hindsburg, N. Y., writes ns:— 
“ Some of the farmers in this section plant mediums, 
and others marrows. The White&boro is said to 
yield well, but has not beeu grown much. Any 
well sown oat or barley lot would, in general, be 
sufficiently well tilled for a bean lot. The time of 
planting these kiuds is usually from the 1st to the 
15th Jnue. Beans should be cultivated twice in u 
row, finishing .one row to each bout. This should 
be doue with a tooth shaped like a gaDg plow tooth, 
though smaller of course. This will run so close to 
the vow that it will break the soil, which should be 
done both sides the row. The hoe is necessary only 
where the cultivator is raised. Cultivate from the 
hill. By beginning in season, before the weeds get 
arge, a man will cultivate and hoe one acre per day. 
MBICl 
flWUBAL. 
