A.'lSilUlQI 
(.82 Buffalo St., Rochester. 
’ I 41 Park Row, New York, 
FOR THE WEEK ENDING SATURDAY, MAY 16, 1868 
VALUE OF CARROTS, —AND HOW TO 
RAISE THEM. 
MOOBE’S RURAL NEW-YORKER, 
AS ORIGINAL WEEKLY 
AGRICULTURAL, LITERARY AND FAMILY NEWSPAPER. 
American farmers do tint sufficiently appreciate 
root crops. They prefer food for animals that will 
grow without annual plan ting and tilling. Much of 
the excellence attained hy English farmers in rear¬ 
ing and fattening catth- and sheep is referable to 
their root crops. The carrot bus a greater value 
than the amount of nutriment it contains. It has a 
small portion of pectic acid, which assists in the 
digestion of other food. This acid has the power 
of gelatinizing the contents of the stomach. When 
carrots are fed to horses with oats, the oats are all 
digested, even to the husks. Horses will sustain 
au Tins may be correct; hut I believe that our 
moat reliable, practical cattle feeders, after numer¬ 
ous satisfactory experiments in cutting good hay, 
are obliged to admit that the advantage resulting 
from chaffing prime hay is so small that it will 
hardly pay to incur the expense of running prime 
hay through a entter. 
Now, suppose we cut hay two inches long. It 
will take one hour to chaff a ton. To cut the same 
hay one-eighth of an inch long, it wil 1 require six¬ 
teen hours to do it. Where is the farmer who will 
do that? And yet •* E. W. S.” says this Is the cor¬ 
rect length for chaffing fodder. He affirms, also, 
that he has found that the value of fodder is in¬ 
creased in proportion to the fineness of division, or 
the shortness of the cut. Let us riddle this matter 
a little, and ascertain what test It will endure, pi'ac- 
tkally. We will cut a ton of hay two inches long. 
The expense docs not exceed the advantage gained. 
“K. W. S.” says:—“Now cut that, fodder one- 
eighth of an inch long, or cut each piece into six¬ 
teen smaller pieces, and you increase its nutritive 
value sixteen times; or, in other words, one ton of 
fodder cut one-eighth of un inch long will afford as 
much nourishment as eight tons when cut one inch 
long! 
Who is the theorist, lame, halt and blind in this 
calculation ? Let the readers of the Rural he the 
judges. 8 , Edwards Todd. 
Editorial Rooms of the New York Times. 
CONDUCTED BY D. D. T. MOORE, 
(PUBLISHER AND PROPRIETOR,) 
With a Corps of Able Associates and Contributors, 
G. F. 'WILCOX and A. A. HOPKINS, Associate Editors, 
HIRAM BTTMPIIREY and REUBEN D. JONES, 
Assistant and Commercial Editors. 
h °k-HKNBY s. Randall, ll. d.. 
Editor of the. Department of Sheep Husbandry. 
Db. DANIEL LEE and Hon. THEODORE C. PETERS, 
Southern Corresponding Editors. 
Special Contributors. 
P. BARRY, P. R. ELLIOTT, E. W- STEWART, 
H. T. BROOKS, JOHN E. SWEET, JAMES VICK, 
MBS. MART J. HOLMES, MRS. L. E. LYMAN. 
Terms, In Advnnce— Thbkb Dollars a Yjsab-— Five 
copies for |14; Seven, and one free to CRH) Agent, lor *19; 
Ten, and one free, for £15—only fZAO per copy. As we pre¬ 
pay American postage, *2.70 is the lowest Club rate to Canada 
and fS.SO to Europe. The beat way to remit Is by Draft or 
Post-Office Money Order,— and all Drafts and Orders made 
payable to the Publisher may bb mailkd at ms bisk. 
ISt“ All Business Letters, Contributions, &c., Bbonld he 
addressed to Rochester until otherwise announced. 
A CARRIAGE HOUSE AND 
AfEIilMgmMi. 
Having received several inquiries lately respect¬ 
ing plans for horse bams, we give in response one of 
A. J Downing’s designs, from which the building 
was erected on the estate of M. Vassar, Esq., uear 
Poughkeepsie. It will be seen by ihe perspective 
view that it is in the rustic, pointed style, both orna¬ 
mental and picturesque. The plan .ffiows a carriage- 
room in the center, with an inclosed harness-room 
and storeway in the rear; on either side are wings, 
one containing the stall for horses, and the other a 
tool-house and work-shop. There is sufficient room 
overhead for the storage of fodder, which is fed 
through tubes or racks from above. This plan may 
be readily varied to meet different requirements. If 
stalls for horses are desired the wing containing the 
tool-house and work-shop may be used for Ihatpur- 
pose. If less room is needed, or the expense is too 
great, one wing or some of the ornamentation may 
be omitted, and the appearance of the, bail ding will 
still be nnique. 
CORN GROWING 
We suppose there will be an unusual breadth 
planted with corn this year, especially in those 
States where this staple is a prominent product. 
Ten cent com drove Western growers into other 
branches of farming, to the partial abandonment of 
com raising; but late high prices have rc-instated 
King Corn, and other causes, as the closing of the 
war and abatement of the demand for many manu¬ 
factured articles, have restored a multitude of work¬ 
ers to the fields which were heretofore laboring at 
other pursuits. We hope, indeed, to see a large 
corn crop made during the coming season, for while 
it will prove iemuuer«tive to the grower, it will also 
accomplish, to a reasonable extent, an abatement in 
the present extraordinary nigh prices of food. Bat 
it is not the amount of land planted which will de¬ 
termine the bulk of the crop; much depends on 
preparation of thescil, its fertility and culture, and 
more, perhaps, on the season; the one is mostly 
within control of the farmer and he is responsible 
for the efleet of his work, the other Is beyond his 
interference and he should not be annoyed by its 
unfavorable aspects. 
The corn crop is one adapted to a rich, well turn¬ 
ed sod—the molderiug turf supplies the right kind 
of food—but whether sod ground or not, It is essen¬ 
tial that the soil be rich in order to grow a large 
crop. Corn is, perhaps,'the only staple farm crop 
which it is impossible to plant in soil too fertile ; in 
ground where potatoes would decay and straw crops 
lodge and fail to mature grain owing to excessive 
richness, corn nourishes and yields be 3 t. It is a 
very unsuitable crop to grow on sterile soil—better 
plant beans or sow buckwheat on such— and it is a 
sound practice to cut down the number of acres to 
be planted one-naif, and doable the manure thereon, 
rather than spread it thin over greater space. 
The preparation of corn ground should be thor¬ 
ough. Many plow too early, which necessitates 
much extra cultivation to destroy weeds and gra-.-. 
Better plow as little time as possible preceding the 
RAISING CORN IN THE SOUTH. 
Southern com growers of large experience and 
acknowledged skill are debating the question wheth¬ 
er it is better to plant corn in rows seven feet apart, 
with a row of peas between, or only five feet apart 
and nothing between. In either case the hills are 
about three feet distant, one from another in the 
row, and one or two stalks in the hill. Mr. Dick¬ 
son of Hancock Co., Ga,, and others, prefer seven 
feet between rows, getting nearly aa much com, and 
a valuable crop of peas which yield rich manure and 
much meat, or strength to working stock. Where 
one desires to fertilize land for raising cotton or 
wheat, com and peas grown together, unquestion¬ 
ably, attain that object better than to grow com 
alone. The Southern pea is a dblichos — something 
diflerent from the English pea or bean, but nearer 
the latter than the former. 
Should the seasons be favorable, the South will 
produce au uncommonly large crop of com this 
year; for old com being only fifty-six cents a bushel 
now, favors poor men in the purchase of grain to 
feed themselves, families and teams till harvest. 
Wheat promises tlnely, and will come in early to 
keep along coru raisers In this section. Cora is too 
valuable for forage to justify the very general neg¬ 
lect of cultivating it iu drills, heavy seeded, for that 
purpose. Corn-hay is both the cheapest and best a 
farmer can raise, after his meadows are ruu down. 
Many overstock their farms, and get a poor return 
in milk, butter, or cheese, the growth of beef, wool 
or horse tlcsh. 
Raise com for all kinds of stock, and save their 
manure to improve other fields. Rich bottom 
ground, or river fiats, made productive by inunda¬ 
tion, are the beBt corn land, Such manure costs 
next to nothing, and is superb for wheat fields and 
meadows. In the absence of rich flats, look for low 
swamp ground that perhaps ueeds a little ditching. 
One should search for fertilizers In low places 
adapted to com, as for hidden treasure. In the val¬ 
ley of Tennessee and its abluents, we raise a world 
of com; but the art and wit of making a large 
quantity of manure from it is something like a berry 
above our persimmon. Perhaps our grandchildren 
may grow to do better Jn the remote future. 
Knox Co., Term., 1868. n t™ 
HARNESSBDOM 
WORK SHOP 
INCLINE 
GROUND PLAN. 
carrot with radish seed. The radish 
two or three days marks the 
the young carrots. The n 
use when ready, which 
about the young carrots, 
ground. 
, cultivation, 
The successful cultivation of 
011 heavy land, 
subsoil plow. ' 
like a spear, placed flat on f 
ward, with its lower side slightly 
HOW LONG SHALL FODDER BE CUT? 
coming up in 
rowB and also shades 
■hes may be pulled for 
res the ground loose 
or left to decay in the 
the carrot, especially 
requires the use of the one-horse 
:his plow is something 
the ground, point for- 
J concave, and 
_ inches wide at the 
back end. It is a gradual Incline plane from the 
point backwards. This is fastened to the beam by 
two standards, with sharp cutting edges. It lifts 
the soil less than one inch, and requires the least 
power to move it through the earth, but moves and 
disintegrates all the soil above and around it. 
When the carrots are ready to work, this subsoil 
plow should be rnn iu the center between the rows. 
This will lift the soil slightly and also the carrots, 
but will not sepurate the particles of earth from the 
roots, admitting the circulation of air and causing 
the surplus water to sink. For cutting up weeds 
between the rows, the carrot metier, or flat'tooth 
horse hoe, fifteen incheB wide, should be run about 
two inches deep, raising and leaving the weeds on 
top. By the use of the best implements the cost of 
cultivating is greatly reduced. 
harvesting. 
When the carrots are ready to pull, run a two- 
horse subsoil plow, of the same pattern, close to 
Hie row and as deep as it can be drawn. This will 
loosen the carrots so they can easily be lifted Out by 
hand. In cutting the tops, the lower crown should 
be left to preserve them from decay. Some pack 
them in sand, laying them straight, heads to points, 
the sand preserving them from rotting by contact. 
This crop might be made of great value to the stock 
districts ol the United States, and wc hope this 
article may induce many to cultivate it who have 
BREAKING YOUNG ANIMALS. 
I suppose there is nothing that can’t he “ broken 
unless it is the brazen face of a legislative swmdler. 
There is a great deal of smashing that secrnB to come 
very easy, as everybody that has boys or keeps 
hired help can testify; but breaking young animals 
in a way to curb and suppress what is vicious, and 
develop all good qualities, requires great philosoph¬ 
ical insight, patience and experience. 
If an auimal will draw passably well he passes for 
broke. He is expected to back some, but he gen¬ 
erally does it by jerks, and If he has much to do, 
gets mad in the operation. Even his pulling, If the 
load does not come the first time, Is not persistent 
and determined; and when the wheels get well 
down in the mud, the case is well nigh hopeless. 
A well broken horse will pull till it comes, or you 
tell him to stop; will stand tell you till him to go. 
I was recently greatly gratified by an exhibition 
of horsemanship by Mr. Sanderson of Livingston 
Oo., N. Y. I need not say horsemanship , for he has 
a lot of straps, ingeniously arranged and patented, 
which he applies indiscriminately to bulla, buffa¬ 
loes, jacks, tuule.*, horses, cows, or any thing that 
needs to have the conceit taken out of it. He ex¬ 
ercises perfect control over all the animal’s motions, 
and breaks up a habit of kicking, balking, &e. 
The apparatus which he uses prevents the forma¬ 
tion of bad habits, and iusures docility In a wonder¬ 
fully short time. Taking it in ray head to make a 
it will require an hour | pair of furious bulls work for a living , 1 sent for Mr. 
Sanderson, and In two hours from the time when 
it took ten men to handle one bull, he drove them 
all the fodder was run through a power cutter, 
which was fed—not as Solomon built the temple— 
but with my own hands. Of course, I instituted 
numerous experimeuts, aa to the most profitable 
length for cutting coarse fodder. 
“ E. W. 8.” inquires, sneeringly, “when and 
where stalks or straw have been cut so fine that 
animals swallow the pieces without crushing them.” 
This seems passing strange, that an observing far¬ 
mer, who has been experimenting for twelve succes¬ 
sive years with cut fodder, has never perceived that 
numerous short pieces have passed through the 
animals entirely whole) Before I was ten years 
old, when we cut but a small quantity of straw with 
a hand cutter for the teams only, I ofteu examined 
home droppings, by pouring water on them to wash 
out all the finer portions, thus leaving the pieces of 
whole straw. 
“ E. W. 3.” asks “ Why not cut fodder as short 
as kernels of oats ?” Every practical farmer who 
has cut much fodder knows that the operation is 
expensive— so expensive that untold numbers of ex¬ 
cellent farmers cannot yet believe that it, will pay 
to run coarse fodder through a cutter, It coats all 
that fanners feel williug to expend when fodder is ) 
cut two inches in length, 
or more to cut one ton at this length. “ E. W. 8.” 
affirms that “fodder should be cut on eighth of an 
ity. The Long Orange is generally preferred for a 
field crop. Some trouble is frequently met in the 
uneven gemination of the seed; and we have found 
an advantage in placing the seed in a cotton bag, 
moistening it with warm water and covering it iu 
warm soil. The bag' should be examined often, 
shaking up the seed, with the moisture evenly dis¬ 
tributed, and when the seed begins to sprout, plant 
it immediately, and it will soon come up evenly. 
planting. 
This may be done from the first of May to the 
middle of June, depending upon the climate and 
season. The rows should be about tweuty inches 
apart. Ihe seed should be deposited with a drill, at 
a uniform depth of one-half to three-fourths of an 
inch. If planted deeper than this much of the. seed 
will rot, and if less than one-half inch the seed will 
be too much dried. Some have practiced mixing 
Fowderposting of Hickory Timber,— in reply 
to the inquiry of a Michigan correspondent, (and for 
information of others,) we would state that powder¬ 
posting of hickory timber is owing to the fermenta¬ 
tion of the sap left in the pores after cutting. To 
preveut this, it should be cut after the tree has at¬ 
tained to full leaf, and the sap is eliminated. Steam¬ 
ing or heating the wood directly after cutting 
would probably preserve It, 
!■ iH 
~=s 
Ralph Evans ngt 
