■r* 
i 
KHSE 
very much sot in their ways, as the old lady said. 
Well, if they can stand the loss I enrss the dealers 
can. I will venture this assertion in regard to these 
tight chests and gift boxes, and challenge any grow¬ 
er to prove to the contrary, that there has been 
more money lost on the berries sent in them, than 
would buy enough good packages for the same par¬ 
ties to send all of their fruit to market for the next 
three years. I know if they would come and see 
for themselves they would reject them immediately, 
but they think they cannot leave. They are too 
busy. They had better lose one day than so much 
money. One of my Mew Jersey customers who 
was using these tight packages came in to see for 
himself, as I had written to him that his fruit was 
all spoiled. His fruit being sold, I directed him to 
those parties who were dealing largely in bis style 
of boxes and off he went. In about an hour he re¬ 
turned. I inquired what he thought of tight pack¬ 
ages by this time. “Think!” said he, “why, 
Charles, I will never send another quart of berries 
to this market again; I will go right home and sell 
every one that I have. I thought thee was rather 
severe on them, but 1 found some of the dealers 
were worse than thee. One dealer swore right out 
at me, and said we were a set of- foolB down in 
Jersey t* use 6uch a box.” 
I will give you a sample of the difference in sales 
between tight chests from Norfolk and the Beecher 
or American baskets. On the steamer that arrived 
on the morning of May 28th, one grower sent 23 
crates, each containing 60 quarts, which averaged 
10 cents per quart. Another 20 chests, which aver¬ 
aged 25 cents per quart; and those who sent in the 
Beecher or American baskets received from 35 to 40 
cents per quart. Now let us count the loss on the 
first lot of berries. The *28 crates contained 1380 
qaarts; at 35 cents it would amount to $483.00; at 
10 cents per quart, to $138.00; nett loss, #345.00. At 
40 cents per quart the loss would have been #414.00. 
This ought to be enough to convince any reasonable 
man, but I presume the same man will send iris tight 
chests again next season, hoping he may be more 
fortunate, and feeling so poor that he cannot afford 
to buy any new packages. Now and Then. 
New York City, July 14,18(18. 
of Norway spruce or Bugar maple planted 25 feet 
apart would look as formal as any apple orchard.” 
Mr. Saunders, in the plan alluded to, places win¬ 
ter apples in one group, summer apples In another, 
winter pears In a third, etc. 
This idea of Mr. Saundb«3 followed ont will af¬ 
ford an Interesting study for our fruit growers, and 
can be used to produce a profitable ornamentation. 
Many varieties of greater or less value suggest them¬ 
selves aa aidB in so doing. Thus among apples we 
have the Lady Benoni and other fttstlglate forms 
suitable for planting the inner laueB or a farm or 
even thB public highways, after the Herman cus¬ 
tom. We have such beautiful masses of foliage as 
are presented by the Siberian crab in its varieties. 
The Early Strawberry, Northern Spy and Ked Astra- 
can, are suggested as apple trecB of good shape, as 
well as the Tyson, Onondaga and Pinneo pears, and 
the Black Tartarian, Bello de Ohoisey and Coe’s 
Transparent cherries. The Domini, Carolina Ked 
June, Summer Queen and other sorts suggest them¬ 
selves as having value in their several ways for orna¬ 
mental purposes. 
In the interior arrangement of orchards, planting 
on the corners of equilateral triangles affords prob¬ 
ably the greatest variety to the eye, with the great¬ 
est regularity for cultivation. Irregularity of out¬ 
line favors the desirable practice, In grounds of un¬ 
even Burfnc.e, of planting on the top of ridges or 
hills, aud avoiding the lower slopes and hollows, 
and leaving them for other purposes of cultivation, 
in which the necessity of avoiding cold air, frosts, 
etc., is less essential. 
To make root beer, take a quantity of sarsaparilla 
roots and sassafras bark and some hopB, and boil till 
the strength is extracted. To three gallons of the 
liquor, after it is strained, add one quart of molasses 
and a cup of yeast. After standing in a warm place 
eight or ten hours, strain again and bottle. It will 
be tit for use the following day. 
For ginger beer, take one pint of molasses and two 
spoonfuls of ginger, put into a pail to be half tilled 
with boiling water; when wejj stirred together, fill 
the pail with cold water, leaving room for one pint 
of yen-1, which must not he put In till lake-warm. 
Place it on the warm hearth for the night, and bottle 
it in the morning. 
For spruce beer, take three pounds of sugar, four 
gallons of water, one ounce of ginger, a little lemon 
peel, or essence of lemon, and a little essence of 
spruce to give it a flavor. Stir all together, warm it 
a trifle; add a cupfnl of good yeast. When ferment¬ 
ed, bottle up close. 
Mead Is made by dissolving one part of honey in 
three of boiling water, flavoring it with spices, and 
adding a portion of ground malt, and a piece of toast 
steeped in yeast, allowing the whole to fermeut. 
HORTICULTURAL GLEANINGS 
Horticultural Questions. —A correspondent writing 
us from Holmes Co., Mies., asks the following ques¬ 
tions, which we place before our readers for the 
pnrpose of eliciting experience: 
We have the promiseof the most ahnndanteropof 
forest grapes in this section I have ever seen; almost 
every tree and hedge and bush being covered with 
vines, from which are thickly pendant* countless 
clusters of young grapeB. These are what the peo¬ 
ple have been Btyling, here, Summer and Winter or 
Fox Grapes and Muscadines, 8ome of the summer 
grapes grow to the size of an ordinary cherry, and 
are very sweet. The Muscadines ripen in Septem¬ 
ber, and are as large aa the Scuppernong grape, being 
tough and hard, but of delicious sweetness. All of 
theso grapes comprise several distinct varieties, but 
undistinguished here by any names, so far as I know. 
Can yon tell me if any of these grapes will make a 
tolerable wine, and without sugary and also refer 
me to the most feasible modes for its domestic man¬ 
ufacture? These will not do for raisins, will they? 
I observe dried plums quoted In your fruit price 
current; can you tell me the mode of drying 
them for market? as also of blackberries. How 
How long will the latter keep thus preserved ? and 
is that form as proiltable and readily salable as the 
canning of them ? I will have a great abundance of 
apples and peaches, but with no market facilities in 
their fresh state. Will it pay me to dry these for 
Northern markets ? and what are the most approved 
processes of drying them? I have also a great 
abundance of ligs. Can you tell me how they are 
best preserved for market? Has the Southern fig 
ever been dried and boxed for market as the Smyrna 
iig? If so, where could I get the boxes? Would 
pears and nectarines pay transportation from here to 
Northern markets? What are the best varieties of 
grape for cultivation in this latitude ? Is it best to 
grow the corn field pea alone or with the corn ? In 
the latter way, how do your farmers gather and shell 
them ? Which is the best variety for market ? How 
do they compare for profl t with the bean ? What are 
the best kinds of the latter? Berzuolot’h theory, 
which I believe is Liebig's also, makes all the fer¬ 
tilizing properties of organle matters lie in their 
ashes, and contends that no crop raised on a soil 
can restore to it more than it has taken from it. 
Has this been established ? Aud if it be true, what's 
the U6e of sowing fallow crops, or of turning under 
green manures ? And why may not all manures be 
dried and burned unless they he dissolved, whenever 
that process he more convenient, or of more perfect 
application to the soils?” 
The Cur rant Worm. —This worm is pronounced by 
the Germantown Telegraph to be quite a harmless 
parasite, which lives and thrives despite of all the 
“remedies” propounded for its especial benefit. 
That paper very confidently adds: — “It lives and 
thrives with joy, notwithstanding soap-water, tar- 
water, and any other kind of abominable mixture 
that can be thought of. But we would like to ask 
in all seriousness, Is this worm really damaging to 
the currant crop? We have cultivated currants for 
thirty years with the greatest success; the worm has 
always been undisturbed, and it has struck ub that 
the thinning ont of the wood by it was just about 
enough, certainly not more, than was desired. 
Hence we pay no attention to the enrrant worm, 
and will not so long as It behaves itself,” 
Insect Ravages .— E. R. Wvthe, Vigo county (Ind.) 
writes the Northwestern Farmer thus: —“A most 
useful and simple method of preventing the ravages, 
of insects upon plants and trees has come under my 
observation. It seems that most of the insects that 
infest plants have a horror of vinegar, and this is the 
substance to be employed. The mixture to be used 
consists of one part of French vinegar to nine parts 
of water. I have used good apple vinegar, and find 
it effectual to insects on flowers which were badly 
effected. It is to be applied by means of a garden 
syringe or a watering pot with a flue uose.” The 
same article says that the result of last year’s exper¬ 
iments were that the fruit trees 6prinkled with the 
vinegar solution bore fruit abundantly, while those 
not so treated produced scarcely any. 
Ante about Trees— Rev. W. P. Smith, M. D., of 
Fayetteville, Texas, communicates the following 
successful mode of dealing with ants at the roots of 
fruit trees, which are very troublesome and destruct¬ 
ive, particularly in warm climates: — “1 was rais¬ 
ing some tobacco, and operated with the green 
leaves in the following manner: I removed the 
earth from around the trees or vines as much as I 
could without injuring the roots; then I put a hand¬ 
ful of tobacco leaves around the tree, or vine, where 
the ants worked, covered them nicely with the 
earth, and pressed it well. In a few wises I had to 
repeat the dose, hut 1 have tried it often, with uni- 
As an appropriate illustration for onr Horticultu¬ 
ral page, we present a portrait of the late Dr. John 
Bindley, who was born at Catton, near Norwich, 
England, February, 1799, and died in London in 
November, 1865, at the age of sixty-six years. He 
commenced the study of Botany at quite an early 
age, while engaged in the extensive nursery garden 
of his father, and pursued it with the ardor of a first 
love, during hiB life. His first considerable effort, 
in the Ehie of his favorite pursuit, was the translation, 
from the French, of Richard's Analyse du Fruit , 
which waB followed by some papers furnished to the 
Transactions of the Linnean Society. He was next 
engaged in London assisting in bringing out the 
Encyclopedia of Plants. In 1832, ho published his 
“Introduction to Systematic nod Physiological Bot¬ 
any,” but his greatest work was entitled the “ Veget¬ 
able Kingdom,” giving a comprehensive view of the 
structure and uses of all the plants then known to 
the science of Botany. For more than a quarter of 
a century ho tilled the Botanical Chair at University 
College, and, In 1860, was appointed Examiner in 
the University of London. He was the author 
of several other botanical works, as also of one of 
high reputation entitled “ Bmiologia Britannka i.” 
He was, for a long series of years, connected with 
tbeGardeuers’ Chronicle, bis contributions to which 
greatly enhanced hiB reputation as a Horticulturist, 
and gave wider fame to that standard journal. He 
lectured frequently oil file favorite themes in London 
and other places, and was deservedly ranked among 
the ablest of those who have made the science, to 
which most of his labors were devoted, their pecni 
iar study. 
To Freshen Salt Fish.— Many persons who are 
in the habit of freshening mackerel, or other salt 
fish, never dream that there is a right and wrong way 
to do it. Any peraon who has seen the process of 
evaporating going on at the salt works, knows that 
the salt falls to the bottom. Just so it is in the pan 
where your mackerel or white fish lies soaking; and, 
as it lies with the skin side down, the salt will fall 
to the skin, and there remain; when if placed with 
the flesh side down, the salt falls to the bottom of 
the pan, and^the fish comes out freshened as it should 
be. In the other case it is nearly as salt as when 
put in. 
Preserving Tomatoes for Winter Use.— Ripe 
sound tomatoes, cut and stewed until they can be 
put through a cullender to take the skin6 off; then, 
in a boiling Btate, put them in dry hot bottles or 
jars, which may be prepared by setting them iu hot 
water and gradually increasing the heat till the wa¬ 
ter boils. Fill the bottles and let them boil a few 
minutes, cork and seal while hot, cutting the cork 
even with the top of the bottle; keep them in a dry 
cool place. For sealing-wax, take two parts of rosin, 
one of beeswax, and one of shellac, melted together. 
form success in driving off the ants and saving the 
tree or vine.” 
The Cutt ings of Vines for Man ure. —The California 
Farmer says: — “ Some two years since we spoke of 
a system practiced by some scientific growers, rof 
enriching their vineyards by cutting into line bits 
the spring prunings, and plowing in the same, thus 
returning the needed material for manuring the 
vine. We have seen this experiment carefully and 
successfully tried, and have seen its good results, 
which is the keeping the soil light ami porous, aud 
giving to the vineyard a wholesome look and a heavy 
crop. Wo hope those vine growers that have been 
in the habit of burning up their grape wood, or cart¬ 
ing it off, will hereafter chop up the wood finely and 
plow it in deeply, and they will find their vineyards 
very greatly benefited thereby.” 
Tree Invigorakm, —Tree invlgorators are among 
the patented articles offered to the acceptance of 
Horticulturists. A box of one of these was sent by 
tbu editor of the Northwestern Parmer to a friend 
aud prominent fruitgrower, with a request that he 
would test its claims to public favor. The reply 
made that no test had been made nor would be 
A well-known German traveler, F. Jager, in his 
" Sketches of Travel in Singapore, Malacca, Java,” 
(Berlin, 1866,) describes the powder of the Pgre- 
thmm raseutn as a specific against all noxious in¬ 
sects, including the troublesome musquitoes and 
those which attack collections. He says: —“A 
tincture prepared by macerating one part of the 
Tyrcthrum roseutn in four parts of dilute alcohol, 
and, when diluted with ten times Its bulk of water, 
applied to any part of the body, gives perfect secu¬ 
rity against all vermin. I often passed the night in 
my boat, on the ill-reputed rivers of Siam without 
any other cover, even without the netting, and ex¬ 
perienced not the slightest inconvenience. The 
‘buzzing,’ at other times so great a disturber of 
sleep, becomes a harmless tune, aud, in the feeling 
of security, a real cradle song. In the chase, moist¬ 
ening the beard ami hands, protects the hnnter 
against flies for at least twelve hours, even in spite 
of the largely increased transpiration duo to the 
climate. Especially interesting is its action on 
that plague of all tropical countries, the countless 
ants. Before the windows and surrounding the 
whole house where I lived at Albay, on Luzon, was 
fastened a board six inches in width, on which long 
caravans of ants were constantly moving In all di¬ 
rections, making it appear an almost uniformly 
black surface. A track of the powder, several 
inches in width, strewed across the board, or some 
tincture sprinkled over it, proved an uusurmounfr 
able barrier to these processions. The first who 
halted before it were pushed on by the crowds be¬ 
hind them; but, immediately on passing over, 
showed symptoms of narcosis, and died in a min¬ 
ute or two, aud within a short time the rest left the 
house altogether.” 
Fried Liver and Bacon.— Cut the liver rather 
thin, say about half an inch thick, but first soak it 
in warm water about one hour; chop a quantity of 
parsley, season it with pepper, and lay thick upon 
the liver; cut slices of bacon and fry both together, 
but put the bacon first into the pan; add a little 
lemon pickle to the gravy made by pouring the fat 
out of the pan, flouring and adding hoillng water. 
was 
by him, as he already had an invigorator which was 
entirely satisfactory. This was simply soap suds. 
We have great faith in the effectiveness of this ap¬ 
plication. It has this advantage, also, in not labor¬ 
ing under the drag of an exclusive right to sell and 
apply, besides being cheap and of easy application. 
Plum Curculio. — J. F. Browne writes the Canada 
Farmer that he has tested several reputed remedies 
for the destruction of the curculio, and found them of 
no use. Binding rags saturated with oil around the 
trees was unavailing, and so were sulphuric acid and 
chloride of lime, hut concedes that hellebore will 
wipe out the gooseberry caterpillar. The plmn 
curculio must be caught and killed el6e he will 
elude the traps set for him and keep on with las 
depredations. 
Alton (111.) Horticultural Society. —This society held 
a meeting on the second of July at the residence of 
D. Stewart, near Monticello. Some two hundred 
persons of both sexes were in attendance, and the 
day was passed in an agreeable manucr. The Cicada 
or Locust was discussed and its habits remarked 
upon, but no satisfactory proof adduced that its 
sting Is poisonouBly fatal. Fruits were discussed 
orally and by tasting—the whole winding up with 
an excellent repast. 
Pastwing Peach Orchards. —It is the opinion of the 
more successful peach growers of the West that 
keeping swine and fowls in the peach and other 
orchards tends to preserve them from the depreda¬ 
tions of the curculio and coddling moth. Mr. J ohn- 
son, near Alton, has practiced such pasturing for 
some time, and has had good returns of fruit, while 
his neighbors who omitted this precaution have 
little or none. 
Strawberry Beds. — The Germantown Telegraph 
says: —“In planting new strawberry beds, it is 
much better to delay the planting until September 
than to use small or feeble plants. Strong, vigor¬ 
ous plants will soon catch up to and pass the weaker 
ones, and give a fuller crop the following season. 
This should be remembered. 
Grapes. — Summer Pruning, — The editor of the 
Attica Atlas sayB: — “ The mad. theory of stripping 
off leaves to hurry the ripening of grapes, has had 
its day. The confessed result iB inferior fruit and later 
ripening.” He is of the opinion, too, that the pinch¬ 
ing back process has been carried to excess, result¬ 
ing iu blight, mildew and weak plants. 
Davisim' s Thornless Raspberry .— We are indebted 
to Mr. O, Weeks, West Webster, N. Y,, for a box 
of the above variety on the fruit Btems with samples 
of cane. The fruit compares well in flavor, pro¬ 
ductiveness and size with the well known Doolittle, 
and there iB but slight appearance of thorns. 
Home-Made Vinegar.— We tasted some vinegar 
made by a lady acquaintance. She took the parings 
and cores of apples, poured on boiling water, with a 
little molasses and yeast, all put into a large stone 
jar and kept where it will be moderately warm. In 
three weeks it will form good, sharp vinegar. 
Preserved Pine Apple.— A pound of sugar to a 
pound of pine apple; put the slices In water and 
boil a quarter of an hour; then remove them and 
add the sugar to the water; put in the apple and 
boil fifteen minutes. Boil the sirup till thick. 
ORNAMENTAL, FRUIT PLANTATIONS, 
The following paper was read by W. C. Flagg, at 
a recent meeting of the Alton, Ill., Horticultural 
Society. It is a subject worthy of attention. 
One of the subjects that commends itself to the 
practical horticulturist who finds it necessary to 
make the beautiful subserve to the good, is the 
arrangement of his orchards and other fruit plan¬ 
tations so as to at once please the eye and at the 
same time admit of facility of cultivation and the 
proper production of fruits. 
Upon this topic I beg leave to submit a few ex¬ 
tracts from a letter of Mr. Saunders, of the Ex¬ 
perimental Gardens at Washington. “ I have long 
endeavored,” he says, “to show how fruit trees 
may be arranged to take the place of purely orna¬ 
mental trees In pleasure groundB. I regret that 
just at present my dally duties prevent me from 
entering upon the details of this matter; but 1 
have rapidly dotted a mode on the inclosed sheet 
which indicates such an arrangement as 1 would 
adopt. That is grouping the trees, making the 
outline of the groups irregular, while the trees 
may be placed in a formal manner iu the interior 
of such groups. Each group may contain a certain 
ciaz«, or variety of class. Occupying the center of 
i such groups, upright growing kinds, such as the 
Bnffum, among pears. The Lady apple, among 
apples, may be planted in the extreme outlines, set 
with pendant varieties. Avenues (straight) planted 
with the cherries, will be suitable. Dwarf apples 
and pears will make a tine effective outline, sur¬ 
rounding the larger trees. For shrubbery, currants 
aud gooseberries will answer. Raspberries should 
be placed iu an arrangement by themselves. These 
and strawberries cannot he made to produce much 
effect in landscape. Many of the fruit trees are of 
beautiful bablt of growth, aa fine as any other de¬ 
ciduous trees, but the mode of planting an orchard 
would make any tree look commonplace. An acre 
NEW ADVERTISEMENTS 
befall It ibo farmer cun easily / v u.trB vk ]H 
repair It without tut, lav It to a I ) f Ivs ^ Uffl 
blacksmith or machine drop, f i Ija 
It W so simple that all who Bee l * ft I?* 
It. womler the bleu W::h never l j i, 
thought of before. In the few l / Kfl A. 
places In the West where they I Am |a 
nave been Introduced they are 1 / M 
purchased by every farmer I ' .« H 
who sees them. \ iB 
We are aware that there are i flft i£u 
Other hag Holders, but there J -iBl 
him never been one worth one / 1 U'lfiM 
cent lor the farmer's line until / V IB . —. 
this ono. It dotiK the work of X \w_r 
two buyti in holding: a bag 
open, and m easily adjustable. - 
to any size or length of bag or X 
sack. No one knows the real 
practical value of lliid luven- 
tlon until they u.*« It. To be /,a ° ln Use. 
sure many have boys to bold bait", but, when having an ar¬ 
ticle that Win bold abaft better than two boy* or men can do 
It, they can readily dud other work for the boys somewhere 
else. (Inc man will nut np in ore gram ln the game length of 
time with this machine, than two men with boyc can do tlie 
same without it. saying nothing about tying the bag. pro¬ 
vided the grain U meaeorert In a lull’.bushel measure. It cau 
be set. up out doom by the Hide >jf the threshing uimddire, or 
Ln the orchard or potatae Meld. When i farmer can pnt up 
a load of grain while ids boy Is harnenRing the team, and do 
it onlclcrr than with the boy, then, of coursia. we must all ad¬ 
mit the great value of this Bag Holder, which the farming 
community have long been desiring. 
These Bag Holder* will more than pay for themselves ta 
nne harvesting- The undersigned are prepared to UU all or 
dots for the name at wholesale or retail. Retail price, Id. 
tf>r Town or i:<nuity rights for sale in Ohio. Pennsylvania, 
New York, or Michigan. BENNETT. lOilNSON ft GO , 
O SAGE ORANGE I'l.AN'TS ltY THE THOU- 
Band, hundred thousand, or million. Also, a One lotof 
one and two year apple trees. W. U. MANN * BRO., 
Gilman, Iroquois Co., Ulinoia. 
N. B.—Osage Seed ln its season. utB-cott' 
f |T 
*-Y s 
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W\h°. 
