mmk 
several large yards, some of which have suj id 
badly with disease and drontfi the present year, and 
except for some new yards this section would pro¬ 
duce less this year than last. In the counties of 
Lenox, Hastings, Prince Edward and Northumber¬ 
land, for many years extensive hop growing sections, 
but where, for three or four years, the crop has been 
almost a failure, 1 believe the yield will average ten 
hundred to the acre. The quality is very fair, with 
the exception or some of the late pickings, which 
show plainly the effects of storms and tho ravages 
of lice. 
Reports from the more western hop districts in 
the neighborhood of Toronto, Georgetown, St. 
Catharines, Hamilton, Brantford, Preston, Water¬ 
loo, London and Windsor, show finer average sam¬ 
ples than for many years, but a smaller yield per 
acre on account of drouth. I should say that 500 
pounds per acre would be a high estimate. 
I regret that I cannot now furnish figures as to 
the number of acres in cultivation and the number 
of bales produced this year. Just now I have no 
statistics at my command, and can only rely upon 
my own observations, upon conversation and cor¬ 
respondence. From these sources of information I 
arrive at the conclusion that we have more hops in 
Canada this year than ever before, and that on the 
whole they are of much better quality than for 
many years. 
One other conclusion seems well founded, viz., 
that, with not to exceed two-thirds of a fair yield per 
acre, we have a supply far in excess of the demand 
for home consumption. Speculators arc thus far 
nowhere, and hop growers and brewers arc remark- 
bly shy of each other. Result, “ hops very quiet.” 
RespectTully yours, Clinton. 
Ontario, Sept. 28, 186S. 
MOORE’S RURAL NEW YORKER 
AN ORIGINAL WEEKLY 
Agricultural, Literary and Family Newspaper. 
CONDUCTED BI D. D. T. MOORE, 
(publisher and proprietor,) 
With a Corps of Able Associates and Contributors 
e. F. WILCOX and A. A. HOPKIUB. Associate Editors 
HON. HENRY 8. RANDALL, LL. D., 
Editor of the Department of Sheep Husbandry. 
Db. DANIEL LEE, Southern Corresponding Editor. 
HIRAM HUMPHREY AND REUBEN D. .TONES, 
Assistant and Commercial Editors. 
Terms, In Advance — ThbekDollars a Year:— Five 
copies for $14; Seven, and one free to Club Agent, for $19; 
Ten. and one free, for $25 — only $2.50 per copy. As we pre¬ 
pay American postage, $2.70 is the lowest Club rate to Canada 
and $3.50 to Enrope. The best way to remit is by Draft or 
Post-Office Money Order,—and all Drafts and Orders made 
payable to the Publisher map be mailed at ms bisk. 
THE NEW YORK STATE FAIR 
The State Fair at Rochester la6t week was one 
of the most successful and satisfactory exhibitions 
ever held under the auspices of the Society. The 
grounds are very favorable, comprising some twenty- 
six acres, and sloping gradually from one end to the 
other, so that a Hue view of the whole can be had 
from the region of the main entrance and the busi¬ 
ness offices. The Fair was conducted in accordance 
with its legitimate purpose and object; it was an 
exhibition of agricultural and mechanical products, 
and monkey shows and horse racing were entirely 
excluded. There was a large array of horses, and a 
very fine track, and each day the animals took an 
airing by circling it a few times, but anything like 
j competitive speed was prohibited. And the Fair 
cc, >s. s.bowi-x'' ’ K-*. ai . >. r*plc will endorse 1 
such management. The weather was cool; there 
was high wind pud some rain on the flr6t two days, 
and the last two were cloudy "out free from 6torm, 
An immense crowd entered the gates Wednesday 
and Thursday; every object of interest was encir¬ 
cled with a throng, and every one seemed to be in 
the full tide of good nature and enjoyment. 
CATTLE AND 3HBBF. 
One of the principal exhibitors of thorough-bred 
cattle was M. fl. Cochrane, Esq., Compton, Prov¬ 
ince Qaebec, Canada. His herd of splendid Short- 
Horns attracted their full share of attention. He 
also showed half a dozen Herefords that were very 
prime. The Short-Horn herds of Ezra Cornell, 
Ithaca, and Hon. A. B. Conger, Walberg, attracted, 
as usual, crowdB of spectators. Craig W. Wads¬ 
worth, Geneseo, exhibited a dozen head of Dor- 
hams, among which were a couple of fine calves, 
and a three-year-old fat steer weighing two thou¬ 
sand pounds. Walcott <fc Campbell, New York 
Mills were also competitors in this class. Alder- 
neys and Ayrsbires were represented from the herds 
of John D. Wing, S. Campbell, W. W. Gjbson, W. 
B. Dinsmore, C. Howland and P. J. Cavanaugh 
Walter Cole, Batavia, was the chief exhibitor of 
Devons. L. P. Gii.LBTT, Niagara county, had on 
exhibition seven head of Galloway cattle. Their 
black and shaggy coats, and hornless heads rendered 
them novel enough to attract much attention. The 
show of cattle was not large, but there were many 
very choice animals. 
The display of Fine Wool Sheep was remarkable, 
chiefly for what was lacking. Most of the pens 
were empty. Wm. Chamberlin, Red Hook, exhib¬ 
ited his Silesian flock, some of which he imported 
this season and were, perhaps, the finest Silesians 
ever seen at onr State Fairs. The other principal 
exhibitors of Merino sheep were, Zerah Ryder, 
Wm. Stewart, P & G. F. Martin, Pjerce & Fel¬ 
lows, Bronson & Marriner, and L. P. Wright & 
Co. The show of Long Wools was better; the finest 
were from Canada. M. R. Cochrane, Compton, 
Canada, showed Loicesters, Cots wolds, and Oxford 
Downs. F. W. Stone, Guelph, Canada, exhibited 
Cotswolds and South Downs, and John Snell, On¬ 
tario, Canada, Leicester's and South Downs. Long 
wool sheep were also shown by Walcott & Camp¬ 
bell, J obi an Winnie, Jame^; Brodie, Thus. Gray, 
and Edward Marshall, and some Hampshire 
Downs were exhibited by C. Parsons. 
horses. 
The display of horses on the ground, during the 
first and second days of the fair, was among its no- 
ticable features. There is no question but that the 
increased attention paid to the horse, during the last 
fifteen or twenty years, has resulted in the genera! 
improvement of this class of stock. The horse is, 
therefore, a prominent feature in agricultural exhi¬ 
bitions. We have not space to note, in detail, all 
the fine animals exhibited and shall therefore notice 
but a few of the more prominent of the class. 
Isaac WELLgof Monroe Co., was awarded the first 
{ premium for the best three year old stallion of the 
ft Morgan and Hambletonian breed. The second 
t premium was awarded to Mr. Thomas of Rose Val- 
g ley, for a fine bay of-the John J. Crittenden stock, 
L Among the two year old stallion colts was one 
^ owned by Mr. Morris of Fordham — a fine gray of 
j) the Hambletonian stock —which took the first 
$ - premium. The second fell to a Crittenden colt 
M owned by C. A. Gardiner of Rochester. The dam 
■> was a fine thorough-bieci animal. The third pnze. 
Our illustration represents a machine of foreign 
construction, intended for cooking food for animals 
by the use of steam. The boiler is placed in brick 
work and the steam conducted from it through 
pipes to the reservoirs on each side, in which the 
fodder is cooked. The moBt noteworthy featnre of 
this plan is the supporting of the reservoirs on trun¬ 
nions, which permit them to be turned down to be 
filled or emptied. Except where the cooking or 
steaming is to be done on a very large scale, or 
where different kindB of food are to be separately 
cooked at the same time, one reservoir is sufficient. 
This may be made of wood, but boiler iron is better, 
and the food should be cooked under considerable 
pressure of steam. It may be filled from an npper 
floor through a trap or spout, and when the cooking 
is completed a vat may he run underneath on a’rail¬ 
way, the reservoirs tilted and the food conveyed 
along the alley to the stock. The engraving repre¬ 
sents the steam passing down the inside of the res¬ 
ervoir underneath a false bottom, but if the cooking 
can be done under considerable pressure it is as well 
or better to conduct the Bteam in the pipe to the 
center of the reservoir and there discharge it. 
in this class, was awarded to Mr. Newell of Parma, 
for a fine black of volatile disposition. In the year¬ 
ling clasB the first premium was accorded to Geo. 
D. Williams of Rochester, fora colt, of the “Vol- 
uavtxi - ntpcR. m. f. Reynolds. Rochester, m 
honored with the first premium for •» carriage team, 
a splendid match. There was a good show from 
Canada*-Mr. T. F. Ellis of Drummondville, pre¬ 
senting three stallions, Granthon - Chief, Whirl¬ 
wind and Yorkshire, Jr. The first got a first pre¬ 
mium as a general purpose animal. Borne fine 
Sillies were exhibited, but the display of breeding 
mare6 was not of a very noticable character. 
swtne. 
The show of swine waa of a rather limited charac¬ 
ter, both as to numbers and variety, but the quality 
was very good. Clark & McLean of Henderson, 
Jefferson county, made a fine show of improved 
Cheshire's, comprising twenty-two in all, old and 
young. Jas. Brodie, Ellisburgh, N. Y., showed 
four of improved Yorkshire stock. Robert Bell 
exhibited a sow of the Chester variety, with a litter 
of ten pigs. Joseph Harris presented four very 
good samples of Berkshires. 8. P. Huffstatek ex¬ 
hibited eight Suflolka of various ages. The show 
was uniformly good, but opinions varied as to which 
is the preferable variety for commercial purposes or 
home consumption. 
In juxtaposition with the hogs were five Cash- 
mere goats exhibited by W. B. Dinsmore. They 
attracted considerable attention. 
poultry. 
The show of poultry was more than ordinarily full 
and fine. It was the musical department of the 
Fair, with notes as variant as those issuing from a 
frog pond during a mild April evening. Moat of the 
fowls were fine specimehB of their several classes. 
Among the more prominent exhibitors may be men¬ 
tioned (1. H. Warner, who presented White Dork- 
ins, Gray do.. Leghorns and Brahma Pootras. J. Y. 
Bioknell, White Dorkins, Gray do, Black Spanish 
aud White Georgian Game. N. Bakne3, White and 
Gray Dorkins, Black Spanish, Red Game, Brahmas, 
Hamburghs aud Bolton Grays; Geese, Peacocks, 
Aylesbury and Rouen Ducks and agronpof Pigeons. 
Thomas Gould, Gray Dorkins, Timothy Herrick, 
White-faced Black Spanish, Brahmas and Creve- 
couers. Robert Bell, Red Game, Pile Game, 
Brahmas and Bolton Grays. A. E. Wbndall, Black 
Spanish. John Saulsbury, White Leghorn. H. C. 
Brewster, Red Game. J. G. Bioknell, African 
Bantams, Le Flecke, Hondona, Black Spanish and 
Aylesbury Ducks. H. G. Warner, Guclders, Wood 
Muscovy Ducks and Pheasants. John Saulsbury, 
Jr., Crevecouer chickens. H. & W. ILickok, Brahmas 
and Guinea fowls. Henry H. Martin, Top Knot 
Ducks. G. A. Widneb, Turtle Doves. <J. W. Yakut. 
group of Pigeons. There were probably others, 
bat these comprise all we recollect, or that our 
minutes contain. The poultry department may be 
regarded as a fair success. 
BUTTER AND CHEESE. 
The show of these articles, quantity considered, 
was quite limited for a State display—barely passa 
ble for a district or county one. The exhibitors 
were M. B. Meyers, Robert Loturidge, F. A. 
Dewey, Isaac Powerh, O. Howland, Henry B. 
Clark, B. Diver and A. J. Loomis. Connected 
with these articles was a Batter Worker by Corbin 
& Adams, and another by Wm. E, Skinner, and a 
double metallic Cheese Hoop by E. B. Sims. 
HONEY AND HONEY BOXES. 
The Apiarian Department had but few represen¬ 
tatives. Honey and boxes were shown by Peter 
Miller, P. J. Iverson, and perhaps one or two 
others. 
also the management of manures and various other 
matters belonging to the department of farm hus¬ 
bandry,—yet, we muy safely give a few bints con- 
erruintr them. C 
For several years ChrXm and Milwaukee have 
been the principal enn- th«* i*r»in and other 
agricaltnr.il surplus pro.I of the BO-callcd Great 
West.” They BtiU rct'.io* uus distinction, but re¬ 
cent occurrences seem toy dicatc a powerful rival 
in St. Louis—an ambitious and rapidly populating 
city. Its position is favorable for trade, and as the 
country west of it—much of it the most productive 
in the Union—becomes Bubdued by the action of the 
plow, the city must become the focus of a vast 
trade. During the season of navigation its advan¬ 
tages over its competitors further north are not 
very great, except when the lakes are closed by ice. 
8t. Louis, with but brief intervals, has an open 
waterway to the marts of commerce on the Atlan¬ 
tic, This is no small advantage, as it is probable 
the future will demonstrate. It is true that its 
more northern rivals have a net-work of railroadB 
connecting with the Atlantic cities, open all the 
year round,—hut for the heavier agricultural com¬ 
modities these are scarcely available, as the cost of 
transportation would be so great as to leave no 
margin for the producer when thrown upon the 
market. It is in consequence of this fact that St. 
Louis is assuming increased importance yearly, and 
upon which its citizens base their predictions of its 
future eminence as a commercial city. The receipts 
of wheat at that point during the last month were a 
fraction short of one million of bushels, or over 
forty per cent, in excesB of those for the same period 
last year. 
Heavy shipments in bulk for New York via New 
Orleans are chronicled, and the impression prevails 
that this trade is destined to a rapid and permanent 
increase in the future. The same is probably true 
of the prominent commercial points north of 8t. 
Louis, especially of Chicago,—a city whose growth, 
for the last twenty years, has been without a par¬ 
allel either in the old or new worlds. Chicago has 
its railroads, and vast chain of lakes, and a rich 
country in Us rear. St. Louts has the first, with a 
long reach of river navigation stretching away to 
the north and west aud southerly to the. Gulf of 
Mexico. With these advantages of ingress aud 
egress, and backed by the industry of the teeming 
millions destined to occupy the country between 
the Miss iseippi and the mountains, these rival cities, 
La the course of the next quarter or half a century, 
will be likely to vie in wealth and population with 
the mo6t prominent of those in the Atlantic Btates. 
b. ervatiou of '.edges throughout Western New 
1 * he!iavu that in any part of the country wheae I 'orkaud many portions of Northern Ohio, furnishes 
prepared winter forage is required for farm ato^k, fie a basis for some general observations upon Osage 
will pay the farmer for building barns, stables and Orange Hedges. 
sheds for his store cattle during the winter. For T . . _ . ... *«__ ... , , , , 
.. . , . , . J? ... It is apparent that, though this hedge has, in 
dairy cowe, tight bams and stables are mdispensa- ,* Jr. , ., , ., 
., 1 \ a . . _ ^ some places, suffered from the seventy of the win- 
ble everywhere, and we are happy to say that the . .f , 
, 1 , ’ . . j . , tera, there are enough growing xn the coldest and 
latter are almost every where found m well managed , _,, , ® , . , 
. , . . . ., most exposed localities to warrant the statement 
dairies. We believe it sound economy to provide , „ , , . . „ 
. . , , .. . .. mat Oeage hedges can be successfully grown upon 
such shelters, iu the barns, aside from storing the „ , , . .. . ... .. 
, ., , .. ,, any well prepared ground in the territory indicated, 
fodder and grain, the stables may be cheaply ar- T , . ,, ..... , ,, . . 
, ... * 77 . . , . ,, It is equally certain, that where there has been any- 
ranged, with sufficient mangers for feeding. Two ... ... ... .. , , , J . 
® , s . .. thing like a failure, ltls clearly attributable to want 
cattle may stand m a stall, six to seven feet wide, , ... , . ' , .. 
, , ....... ’of care and thoroughness either in the preparation 
according to their sze, and each animal tied to his ... ... ... , ... , , . 
.. & ’ ...... , of the ground, the selection and setting of olants or 
own side of it, with space for the feeder to go be- ., * . . . 
’ . j ... . .... 6 ^ the subsequent culture and pruning, or In too many 
tween; or standards, without partitions, maybe . . : . , , , 
, ’ . . ’ . . ... * . instances to most of the above named causes com¬ 
used If preferred. The food may he thrown into .... . , .. . . „„. . 
r . , ... ... , . bined. In many instances the hedge row has been 
the manger m front, and the corn stalks, as drawn in ...... ..... . _ 
/ « ,, . ,, get with plants of different size and age. In still clay 
from the field, cutoff^ aUee the ear • (Ike stalk £ mtle preptlIaUoo of the ground; 
below the ear is worthless for fodder.) Ihis cutting ^ ^ ft d , 8 work o{ aftcr cuIlnn .. only lcft to 
may be rapidly done by a knife something like a aad 8t le ia ^ grB8s with uttie or no 
bn cher’s cleaver. Though lighter by laying the £ ^placing of defective or dead plants 
stalks on a block, or better, in a cutting machine. ^ it ents ft line of part 6maU trees, and part 
The beasts may be bedded with straw, and quanti- Wank distinguished only for its unsightly 
ties of the best manure made Thus the cattle are ce and want of answering the end for which 
kept snug and warm, while in good weather they .* wa6 lante0 mher hed ha7c buea set ^ 
can range m the yards through a part of the day, suffered " to [or a few yeare unmolested, when 
and take their water at pleasure. tho planter> UaviDg anot , he r attack of fudge fever, has 
1 Sheds may be built eight, ten or twelve feet thoroughly pruned it, making a fair hedge at top, 
high, with good mangers in their rear, for their hay but; witll no miing up below. The satisfactory suc- 
or corn fodder, and open in front to go out and in C (. 68 of others under similar circumstances and in 
at pleasure. So with calves, only their accommo- the same vicinity, furnishes the necessary proof that 
Rations should be closer and warmer. Weare aware yqtti proper attention the many cases of partial and 
that long practice, cheap lands, and low prices for total failure to secure a good *.edge row, might, and 
grain, have led the mass of our western farmers to should have been avoided. 
think aUthie preparation useless; but they will ‘ Tha tthe Osage Grange is hardy enough to endure 
come to it at last and wonder they bed not known themoe , 3evcr ,; cold o| We6tern New York> to 8hown 
it before. Thrift in their stock, and a saving m the along the bleak shore of Lake 
expenditure of tneir forage, will soon solve the ques- £rie fr0m Boflkl<> t0 Cleveland. In no instance have 
tion of iw superior economy, as also m the light- we gcen a hed on tbis route that receivctl proper 
ened labor of taking care of them, and the reten- cultivatl(m and iDg , lhat ha3 not been a fair 
tion of stores of manure, which is everywhere valu- 8UCC aJld m are ® 0(lels of beauty aild excel . 
able though not now appreciated. If, to the housing leDCU Wbat T . 00 manv aee d, and have long needed, 
of their cattle, sufficient roofing to protect their , .. ... ’ . . , , , ... . ... 
. .. ’ ,, , ‘ . Is cultivation, the ground plowed and stirred while 
Etorcs of hay and gram, is added, an eqaal advantage I ., . , , ... 
. , , . .? ’ 6 young on each side of the row, or in place of culti- 
will be found mit. .. . _ , ., . , ,, r „„ ,_ 
vation, heavy mulching to keep the soil free from 
^ grass and render it loose. Recently, we observe, a 
THE HOP CEOP IN CANADA. remedy has been applied to some of the hedges that 
- have grown for years neglected, by cutting the whole 
Eds. Rural New-Yorker In hopes to interest down to within a few inches of the ground, when 
some of your readers at least, 1 submit a few items they throw up many vigorous shoots, which, if 
in relation to hop matters in this Domiuiou. This properly pruned must soon make a thick hedge 
is by no means a new business here, hav ing been answering every expectation, 
WINTERING STOCK—BARNS AND SHEDS 
Ws extract the following remarks on winter feed¬ 
ing from Lewis F. Allen's work on American 
Cattle. The anthor says :—“Living in the latitude 
of 43* north, we believe in bams and sheds for all 
kinds of farm stock alike; and so we would if in the 
latitude of S7%—anywhere, In ’act, where the 6now 
lies on the ground for three da/s at a time, and the 
Fahrenheit thermometer holds, for any length of 
time, as low as 20° above zero Sudden alternations 
of heat and cold affect cattle, xs they do men,—not 
to the same extent as they do the latter, but meas¬ 
urably so. Cattle eat much more in a low tempera 
ture than a high one, and are subject to take cold 
with sudden changes of the weather. Fat cattle are 
lees affected by sudden changes of weather than lean 
ones,—but these changes do affect them more than 
we are usually aware. In view of these facts, we 
consider it sound economy for every cattle breeder, 
grazier, and Bt&ll feeder, to provide good barns, 
Btables and sheds for winter keeping and feeding of 
bis stock. The arrangement of these is a branch 
course 
might be profitably pursued with such partial 
hedges as have been allowed to grow so opeD at 
the base as not to effect the desired result. Having 
strong roots, with cultivation the growth would be 
rapid, and make a fence much sooner than small 
re-set plants, though care should be taken to fill all 
vacancies with vigorous plants, well headed back to 
grow up with the old stock. 
Having at an early day recommended the Osage 
Orange, it has been our aim to ascertain the extent 
and cause of failure as far as possible, to judge of 
the propriety of still urging its use by termers as a 
reliable substitute for other fences. Our confidence 
in its value has very much increased, believing that 
when correctly done, any farmer may, in five years, 
at a very moderate expense, ensure a fence sufficient 
for all term purposes, and which can be kept in order 
and rendered permanent for a less expense annually 
than will be required to relay and repair ordinary 
in the Province of Ontario, and In | fences. As the subject has not been treated to any 
embracing the townships adjoining, on the Ottawa R. R., are extent, recently, in tho Rural New-Yorker, the 
aMl IflJ 
u 
mm 
tcduc j $8.00 PER YEAR, 
i UK ms, -j Single Copy, Six Cents. 
ROCHESTER. N. Y. 
, AND NEW YORK CITY. 
nccipcc 1 85£ Buffalo St.$ Roohdstdi 
OrrlCtb. Park Bow, New York 
Y0L. XIX. NO. 4U 
FOR THE WEEK ENDING 
SATURDAY, OCTOBER 10, 1888. 
1 WHOLE NO. 9^ 
t 
