abound In yellow or white pine. In Borne of the 
more northern and elevated regioue, hemlock Is 
large and plenty. Cherry, maple, walnut, poplar 
and various species of oak pay handsomely for cut¬ 
ting and Bending down stream to distant markets. 
This letter Is written In Koane Co., above the 
mouth of Clinch river, and below that of the Little 
Tennessee, where the Tennessee proper is some¬ 
thing broader and deeper than the Hudson at Alha- 
ny; and as It Ib nearly 800 miles to its junction 
with the Ohio, above Cairo, it healthy, rich and 
magnllicent valley is destined to be, at no distant 
day, the happy home of several millions of people. 
JLf young America has any elements of character 
more prominent than those of construction and tie- 
Ktruction, I have failed to discover them To con 
struct houses, barns, ships, railways, aod everything 
else made of wood and iron, and destroy standing 
timber, D, apparently, hlB mission on this conti¬ 
nent. W 'bln a few yards of where I am writing 
the Americau idea Is expressed in a two story barn, 
165 feet long aud 60 wide, with a carriage way in 
the upper stoiy long enough and wide enough for 
sixteen wagons i >edcd with wheat or hay to unload 
at once. Less than a moiety of the crops on the 
farm will fill the b.iru ; and other but smaller barns 
are needed. When the Tennessee rises to its maxi¬ 
mum height, it innuu.iatos a vast amount of laud, 
and by Its rich deposits makes the &oil alike fertile 
and enduring. Hence, where farmers indulge in the 
luxury of barns, corn cribs and framed houses, the 
consumption of lumber is on an unusual scale. 
Such luxuries are becoming rather common, and 
the demand for lumber for home use grows accord¬ 
ingly. Knoxville will grow more this year than In 
XI_1_x 1 - - J* 
To AnvKirriMKKs.—Oor Advertising Friends are noti¬ 
fied that the great Enlargement and Improvement of the 
Rural (announced eleewber© In this paper) will enable 
us to classify their favors and give them in more con¬ 
spicuous positions than heretofore. Instead of giving 
them mainly on one page, they will be published on sev¬ 
eral, adjoining reading matter, and hence not a • likely to 
be overlooked as they would be if given in a solid page 
of advertising. Our design la to make an appropriate 
classification, for the benefit of both readers and adver¬ 
tisers. For example, wo intend to give, advertisements 
of Trees, Plant*, Vines, Ac., on one of the pages devoted 
to Horticulture, Landscape Gardening, Ac., — of Books, 
Magazines, Ac., on the same page with Reviews or No- 
ticca of New Publication*,—and other announcements in 
like appropriate positions, so far ns consistent. The ad¬ 
vantages of this arrangement must be apparent to all 
Interested. Though we shall commence Vol. XX with an 
edition ol at least One Hundred Thousand Copies, (and 
probably print full 150,000 of llie first number,) our adver¬ 
tising rates will uot be increased until announced — es¬ 
pecially to onr regular advertisers, Our aim Is to give 
first class advertisements only, and we do riot wish to 
Contract to insert any advertisement more than four 
times. Those wishing their announcements to appear in 
the first number of the enlarged Rural should apply 
early, as our space will bo limited, and “ first come first 
served.” 
L. D. Snook, Barrington, N. Y., sends ns the 
following sketch and description of a convenient 
piece of cellar furniture : — “The accompanying 
sketch represents a Fruit and Milk 8helf, around 
which there is always a circulation of pure air, &o 
necessary for the preservation and proper keeping 
of these articles. When this ebelf is substituted 
for the common open bin or barrel, hi* ratebip will 
lind himself cheated out, of his winter’s feast! The 
sketch represents a perspective view of the shelf. 
It ia supported by four strips of boards which arc 
nailed or otherwise firmly secured to the joist as 
shown. Braces when attached, as Bhown, will 
greatly add to the strength and rigidity of the 
structure. The sections represent dido rent meth¬ 
ods of securing the cross-pieces on which the shelf 
rests. The shelf itself is Bhown divided In four sep¬ 
arate bins for the reception of as many kinds of 
fruit, and will hold from five to eight bushels each. 
Other division boards may be added as circumstances 
require. The sides, ends and division boards are re¬ 
moved in the spring, when it is used for a milk 
shelf. As a combined or separate fruit or milk 
shelf it has no equal, and as such 1 recommend it to 
Rural readers, and am certain no person will be¬ 
grudge the money expended in its construction.” 
FaIim Made Manure. —A correspondent from Rich¬ 
mond, Vo., states that he has tried repeatedly to keep tip 
the fertility of his farm by the application of artificial 
manures, with such poor rosults as to determine him to 
keep clear of the artificial ring. For the future his re¬ 
liance 1- to be on tho fertilizers made on the ftimi, com¬ 
posting what is made in the barn yard with muck from 
low irounds, which experience ha* proved efficient in 
producing crop*, and more cheaply supplied than arti¬ 
ficial aids. Thin is the concurring terliraony of many 
farmers, ontside of Virginia, though some good ones are 
found of a different opinion. There- is one thing In favur 
of home made manure, and that is the farmer knows 
what be has got, aud can give a good guess as to the re¬ 
sults likeiy to accrue from the application of it to his soil. 
Fall is a good time to dig muck for the barn yard, pro¬ 
vided the labor bo done before the low grounds are 
satnated with water. This wiTl make a good foundation 
for manure for spring application; less costly than those 
of a commercial character, and probably quite as effective. 
many. The wools mostly wanted is one-fourth 
and one-half blood, and the tendency of the worsted 
business is to call still more strongly for one-fourth 
blood wooIb —both of the Combing and Delaine 
classes. A common course native sheep in the hills 
of Pennsylvania and New York crossed with a 
Leicester buck, would very soon produce u good 
common wool that would do for Combing and De¬ 
laine. It would not be a fancy wool, but we could 
use it and mix It with Canaria wool, and we could at 
very little expense and at no risk to the farmer, soon 
get « large quantity of these wools from the sheep 
already in the country. 
1 want the farmer to run no risk by doing as I 
suggest. He lays out but a little extra on a Leicester 
buck, and at once Improves his coarse Bbeep and 
produces more of the. wools so absolutely required. 
I shall be happy nt another time to write yon fully 
and carefully on this subject. I beg to Inclose a 
private letter from a wool dealer in London, Eng¬ 
land. You may keep U. I remain yours, Ac., 
Joseph Walwortjj, Lawrence, Muss. 
mites more cream in a cool morning than in a warm 
one. In a milk room, a* in any other, the heavier 
or less rarifled air occupies the base of the column, 
while the warmer portion rises ns the density or 
weight, in a given space, decreases, 
weignt, in a given space, decreases. Warm milk, 
from the cow, has all its ingredients, butter, bub 
term ilk and whey, in solution, but, when submitted 
to the action of the atmosphere a disintegration, so 
to speak, commences and continues as the tempera¬ 
ture of the mass recedes fr#m that at which it,was 
drawn from the ndder. As the upper portion of a 
milk room has a more rarifled atmosphere than the 
lower, more of the component parts ot the milk 
will he held in Eolntlon in pans In the first than in 
the last, and, by consequence, less cream will float 
to the surface in the upper than the lower ones— 
the disintegration, of the constituents of the milk, 
being less minute or perfect in the former than in 
the latter. 
The color of the cream is supposed to be affected 
or varied according to the character and condition 
of the food supplied. This agrees with our experi¬ 
ence with dairy stock. At the time of flush pas¬ 
turage it was observable that, as the flow of milk 
Increased, it wore a more bleached appearance than 
when tho cows were fed on hay, made from the 
same kind of grass which afforded them pasturage 
in the warm season. It was remarked too, that in 
the winter time, when the cows were daily treated 
to a small allowance of Indiau meal, In a raw or 
cooked condition, the golden tint of the butter, 
produced from their milk deepened, and the credit 
of the change was accorded to the extra food fur¬ 
nished. Whether this was the cause of the change 
or not Is a question wc submit, with the remarks of 
our correspondent, to those whose experience in 
dairy matters is such as to give their opinions 
weight with the farming public. 
Jersey Cattle—Herd Book,—A t present, the popular 
tide seems to be setting strongly in favor of Jersey cat¬ 
tle as the future leading Hairy *tock of the United States. 
This may not long continue, bat appearance* indicate 
now a general spread of the .Jersey fever. In consequence 
Of this, a number of gentlemen have organized an asso¬ 
ciation for the purpose or establishing a herd book, in 
which shall bo entered, so far u* possible, all animals of 
undoubted pedigree, in order that the impositions of 
unscrupulous dealers may be guarded against. No pedi¬ 
gree will be admitted except with the approval of the 
Executive Committee, which is composed of the follow¬ 
ing persona: /'reddent — Samuel J, Shaki-less, Phila¬ 
delphia; Treasurer —!Thomas J. Hand, Sing Sing, N. Y.; 
Secretary - George E. Waring, Jr.. Newport, R. I. Addi¬ 
tional members: — Thomas Motley, Boston; 8. W. Rob¬ 
bins, Wethersfield, Conn.; John Glenn, Baltimore. 
NATIONAL WOOL GROWERS’ ASS’N 
RESOLUTIONS ON THE WOOL TARIFF AND RECIPROC¬ 
ITY TREATY. 
the Resolutions below (submitted Oct. 14th, 1868,) 
have been passed by the Executive Committee of 
the National Wool Growers’ Assoeiatlo 
a by a near¬ 
ly unanimous vote—by an entirely unanimous one, 
so far as the members have been beard from : 
Resol red, That the present wool and woolen tariff wa* 
framed with a sincere purpose re benefit equally the per¬ 
manent interest* of tin produr r, the manufacturer and 
the consumer; and that nothing has yet occurred to 
shake our faith that it is as well adapted as any legisla¬ 
tion which can now be devised to secure these result.*, 
after its operations shall ccHbq to be disturbed by tem¬ 
porary and exceptional causes. 
Resolved, That prominent among these disturbing 
cause* was the over supply <*f woolen* in oar markets on 
the passage of said tariff, occasioned In pari by the ex¬ 
traordinary hUiuuIii* given to dome«tir manufactures by 
the war, and still more by enormous and disproportioned 
importation* ot foreign goods made in anticipation of an 
Increase of Julio*. while the subject was penning in 
Congress. That, tbi* ovcrsapplv bus been slowly reduced 
by consumption, owing to tlm neec-r Ity of the American 
manufacturer constantly to mak-e. addition* to it, or stop 
blr mill* and throw hi- taborig out of employ; owing to 
tho great quantity of surplus army good* thrown on tho 
market by the Government nl price* far below the cost of 
production ; owing to short crop* in the West aud famine 
crop* In the South in 18mi, and the comparative railurc oi 
tlm cotton crop in I8fi7, which vastly diminished the usual 
mean* of purchase, and consequently the amount of con 
sumpttau in those portion* of the Union; owing to other 
obvious circumstances which have severely depressed 
and .ire continuing to depress trade, in some or the 
States; and owing to high tax niton and the general con¬ 
dition of monetary .'iffnirs, which have enjoined on flic 
prudent portion of the rural population of our whole 
country the necessity of reducing their expenses in this 
aud all other practicable direction*. 
Rejoined, That an abrogation of the present wool and 
woolen tariff or any part ihereof, or a change in it* scale 
ol duties, when it* beneficial ctl'ecl* are just beginning 
to be loll, i* not. called for by any ol the great Interests 
which it most seriously affects; that it ha* been earnest- 
iy unci unanimously deprecated by the National Wool 
Growers'and Manufacturers’ organization* which repre¬ 
sent the interests which are claimed by the opponents of 
the law to have chiefly suffered uuder ft* operation; thai 
It would injuriously nud unjustly disturb business ur 
raiigements made, in consequence 0 f ( th provision*, and 
tend unnecessarily to create distrust in the future pro*, 
pecth oI wool production and manufacture; and, finally, 
that it would afford a new aud striking example of that 
fickleness in our tariff regulation* which haa repeatedly 
Inflicted the must serious tDjuryon the business interest* 
of the country, and which t* alwuys more damaging to 
those Interest* than a reasonable degree of stability even 
Kkej- the Canada Thistle* from Smkadino.— It is 
said thut Missouri is almost entirely exempt from Canada 
thistles—an occasional patch along tbc lines of rail roads 
comprising the whole stock at present. To guard against 
their spread, it is proposed to petition the Legislature to 
enact a law fining every ruau fifty dollars, recoverable be¬ 
fore any Justice, of the Peace, who shall suffer a Canada 
thistle to grow and blossom on lire premises—ten dollars 
to be given to the party making the complaint and fur¬ 
nishing the necessary proof to insure conviction. Most 
States have law* with reference to such pcBts, but the 
amount of good accomplished by them i* extremely lim¬ 
ited. The thistle question is a serious one to the farmer 
on the rich soils of the West, yet many let them grow 
pretty much at will, except perhaps a spasmodic mowing 
once In a year or two. Timely action in the way of ox- 
cluMion would pay. 
EDITED BY ITENItY S. RANDALL, LL. D. 
Beans and Garget,—A dairyman writes the New 
England Farmer that beans, fed to cows troubled 
with garget, or caked bag, In small quantities, once 
or twice a day, will speedily effect a cure. They 
are effective whether fed in the pods, green, or when 
dry and shelled. Mr. Willard adds that pea meal 
mixed with the oat, is good for the promotion of 
the flow of milk, and may act beneficially in the 
case of garget. These remedies are readily fur¬ 
nished, of easy application, and can do no harm in 
case of a failure to enre. It would seem to be ad¬ 
visable to have a small quantity of bean and pea 
meid on hand for use, as occasion may require. 
PRICES OF FINE WOOL SHEEP 
A Michigan correspondent writes to us: 
”lu a recent trip through Ohio and this State, I heard 
several persons declare that fall blood MerinoB were 
selling in both of them and .in JtJiuoi* at tho prices 
of common sheep, and that there wus a regular stampede 
among funner* generally to got rid of them. Mr. _ 
declared in my hearing that the immediate descendant* 
ot raui* thai hud cost $500 a head in Vermont could now 
be bought for $5, aud he said that thu best sheep of that 
State and of New York could he bought for a mere song. 
I have always been in the habit of buying into a baslnemt 
not when prices arc extremely high, but when they are 
tho lowest. I could not go the thousand dollar a head 
figure*, but now I would like to purchase two thousand 
full blood and first claw* Merinos in the East, If I can got 
better ones there, to take on to my new farms in Mis¬ 
souri. Will you be kind enough to Inform me, either in 
Rural or by letter, at what prices and where 1 can bent 
obtain them, 1 want none but the genuine, and if you 
will give me the names of a few reliable Bcllora, yon will 
do me a favor which I ahull be glad to reciprocate if op- 
portanlty oiler*.” 
That fine wool sheep—grade Merinos of various 
qualities—have been sold at very low prices in sev¬ 
eral of the Western States, both last year aud this, 
we arc well aware. Wc have known cases where 
they have sold quite as low os common sheep. 
There has been o “stampede” from sheep husband¬ 
ry by a class, and not a small class, of American 
farmers. 
The reasora for this have too often been given in 
these cole uns, and in the columns of other agri. 
cultural lurnals, to require repetition at this time. 
The tariff saved ns from as complete and total un 
overthrow us that which lias overtaken the fine 
wool growers of South America. Indeed, the 
calamity had to fall on them or on us—and tho tariff 
threw it on them. Fine Buenos Ayres wools are 
now glutting the markets of 'Europe at half the 
prices ours are fqtebing at New York and Boston. 
What if they were admitted duty free, or at a mere 
nominal duty, nt those ports? In that case, what 
could have saved ns in the past, or would offer a 
ray of hope for the future? 
It is not to be denied that while tho tariff has 
obviously exercised these benign effects, it has thus 
far failed to restore a full measure of prosperity to 
the fine-wool growing interest. The reasons for 
Coke Oaks in California.— It is stated t hat acorns of 
the cork oak, planted in California in 1868, have grown to 
tree* fifteen to twenty feet high and from eight to ten 
laches in diameter. If the climate of that .state should 
prove favorable to the growth of this tree, a* this cxporl 
ment would seem to indicate, cork oak orchards might lie 
profitable investments for tho future. The present supply 
of cork is drawn chiefly from Southern European coun¬ 
tries, and i* quite limited and growing scarce. The tree 
is not necessarily destroyed by partially stripping it of 
the bark, and with care a forest might be made to yield 
several crops. 
Comb Ahead of Points.— It is *ald that judges of cat¬ 
tle at Fairs In Kentucky base their award* quite as much 
or moro on the color of the stock submitted for inspec¬ 
tion as on the prominent points of the animals. Some 
years back the white or cream color was the favorite, but 
the taste ban changed and now the red, or an intermix¬ 
ture of white and red —a kind of briudlc — secures the 
honors, even against superior points. By the way, while 
in New York we say “stock growers " or “cattle breed¬ 
er*,” in Kentucky the same class get the appellation of 
“ bull men." 
make the tor tunes which outers nave thrown away. 
Now to our correspondent’s inquiry about the 
prices of “full blood and first class Merinos in the 
East,” Wc have heard of a considerable number of 
such sheep being sold the present season at from 
one to six hundred dollar* a head—none coming 
Btrictly uuder the description of “ full blood and 
first clftss,” selling below the smallest sum named. 
Aud the highest sum named would by no means 
command Die pick of the most celebrated flocks. 
Among the Eastern breeders of “genuine” full 
bloods, more rum lambs of inferior quality have 
been castrated, and the crones and calls of the 
flock have not been as firmly held for high prices as 
formerly: but we have known uo instances of soiling 
really prime stock “ for a song.” Grade Merinos, or 
A Prairie Ice House.— The Kankakee (Ill.) Gazette 
tells how to make an Ice house on the prairies. Make a 
platform of rails by the side of a straw stack, and cover 
it a foot deep with straw. Put crotches In the ground, 
and lay rails or polou in them, and aero** the frame work 
place more rails, and cover with straw tiiick enough to 
protect the Interior from rain. Pack in the ice in circu¬ 
lar form to the height of eight feet, and surround it 
thickly and closely with straw, and cover the top in the 
same way. 
Enlargement and Improvement 
After mature de¬ 
liberation, counting tho cost, and ascertaining that the 
necessary printing machinery can be procured in season, 
we have determined to vastly Enlarge and Improve the 
Rural New-Yorker on tho commencement of it* Twen¬ 
tieth VearamJ Volume. Having resolved to adopt theplau 
alluded to last week, we can safely announce that, (D. V.) 
on and after the first of January ensuing, the Rural will 
be by far the. Larged, Bed and Cheapest Newspaper of He 
Class in the World! Our design is to so enlarge the 
paper as to give marly twice the present quantity of 
reading matter — the plan being to double tue num¬ 
ber of paoeb, making sixteen (instead of eight) of five 
columns each. This involves a great expenditure of 
Mind and Means—brains, labor and capital —but having 
overcome the first and greatest difficulty (that of insur¬ 
ing the printing of so largo a sheet with “style anil 
speed,") we believe the object can be successfully accom¬ 
plished. The size aud style of page are suitable for 
binding, and popular with reading, thinking people — 
being neither too small to be rendered attractive, nor 
too large for convenience. But in making the paper *o 
large, we do not Intend that, its size shall be its fir*t or 
best recommendation — for onr plan Include* a •orres- 
pondlng Improvement in Contents and Appearance. 
Wc believe the va*t interests of the Producing Population 
should ho advocated, sustained and defended by a Journal 
a* large and able as any devoted to the promotion of any 
other Interest whatever, and so believing wc issue and 
confidently refer to the announcement of Volume XX, on 
News page. We furthermore believe that our efforts to 
furnish such a Journal will be nobly seconded by tens of 
thousands oi intelligent Ruralists throughout the laud — 
Men and Women who can and will aid our Important 
enterprise by kindly exercising influence in its behalf. 
Reader, are wc too sanguine V If not, aud You propose 
to lend us the assistance of Voice and Pen, allow us to 
suggest that Now is the Time for Action. 
Grander*.- “A Farmer" wants to know the speediest 
euro for a glanderud horse, and the probable, cost of the 
operation. It is a terrible disease to deal with, and the 
safest way is to slaughter the animal alUleted with it. 
A* the disease I* readily communicable from one animal 
to another, in various ways, that Farmer ia remiss in his 
duty to himself and the public who permits a glandered 
horBe to occupy a stall In his stables or to roam over his 
premises. The disease yields to no remedy which lacks 
the force of a knock down. 
Franklin County Fair, We arc Informed by W, G. 
Richey, Secretary or the Franklin Co. (N. Y.) Agricul¬ 
tural Society, that the Fair held at Malone the prosent 
autumn was a decided Mucces*. The attendance was un¬ 
usually large, the- entries tHO, and the total receipts 
$8,000, —several hundred dollar* in excess of any pre¬ 
vious Fair of tho Society. Tho annual address was de¬ 
livered by President Anoki, of the Vermont University. 
CREAM-HOT AND COOL WEATHER 
C. L. Smith, Clymer, Chautauqua county, writes: 
—“I have often heard the question asked, aud 
asked it myself, why cream does not rise ub well in 
hot weather as In coo.. There must be the same vir¬ 
tue in u pail of milk in a warm morning as in u cool 
one, and, as the cream is the lightest, why not rise 
and be of the same color!' The idea has occurred 
to me that, perhaps, by the milk standing in a 
heated condition many ol the butter globules ex¬ 
plode and the oily matter or butter mingles with 
the milk, as docs alcohol with wuter, the casein cov¬ 
ering, as curd, floating to tire surface, and hence the 
cream is lighter colored and less of it. It Is known 
that puna of milk, which sit on the top rack, do not 
produce as much cream nor aa yellow aa those lower 
down. What say you to this? Please lead us to 
the light.” 
Has not our correspondent reached the “ light” 
sought, without being led to it by others ? The 
fact stated, in regard to the relative cream product¬ 
iveness of the pans, on the lower aud higher racks, 
woo'd seem to solve the question why milk preeip- 
Tjjk Olb Moon Aiiisau I— 8 . J. Mann, Delaware Co., 
O., informs the editor of tho Gazette that from a peck ol 
a now variety of potatoos, weighing fifteen pounds, he 
produced sixteen bushel*. He planted three eyes in a 
hill, part during the old of the moon and the others in 
the new. The former produced smooth and nice pota¬ 
toes ; thu latter rough and scrawny ones. 
DELAINE WOOLS 
We commented, a lew weeks since, on a published 
letter on wool by Mr. Walworth of the Pacific 
Mills, Muss. Having addrossed a note to that gen¬ 
tleman, asking him to define the kinds of Delaine 
wool the dearth of which he complained of, he 
makes the following reply: 
New York, 24 th Oct., 1868 . 
Henry S. Randall, Esq — Dear Sir: Your favor 
of the 8T>th uJt. came duly, and contents noted. I 
proposed to answer you carcfu I ly aud fully, but I have 
not Dad time, and 1 have not time now to do so, I am 
so pressed with business, but will say 1 was glad to 
hear from yon, aud should have liked to give you a 
lull answer, but ut present can only say, that for 
Delaines we want, a staple three to five inches in 
length, sound, and evenly grown; wc do not want 
necessarily a line wool. Some fine Delaines are 
made from three-fourths blood wools, but not 
PisKSEitviNa Fence Posts.— If fence posts on being 
set were braced in their places by filling the opening 
about them with a compact mass of clay, water would be 
excluded and the durability of the post be greatly iu- 
crc-HMcd. Where suitable clay is readily fouud the opera¬ 
tion would prove remunerative. 
Hatching Kgg* Artificially.— (J. G. It.) Bemknt’b 
work on poultry contains a chapter on artificial incuba¬ 
tion. It illustrate* and describes several plans, and is as 
complete on this subject as any American work. 
Hay in California, —In a letter from a Californian, in 
the N. O. Picayune, occurs the following:—“The very 
best kind of wild outs grows all over the hills and valley* 
where not plowed up, often *ix feet high, yielding four 
tons of Hiiperior hay to the acre, anil this year after year 
without uDy cost but that of gathering." 
The Mastodon at a Fair.—T he Caynga Sentinel, 
Province of Ontario, states that the great center of at¬ 
traction for the sight seers at the Agricultural Fair was 
the bones of the mastodon lately found at Duaviile. 
