jnsbaitbrg. 
U. S. RANDALL, LL. D., EDITOR, 
Of f-'oan.*>s Villasi, CoxtlaKd Cocstv, New Yohk. 
USE OP SHODDY IN ENGLAND. 
In the report of E. R. Mudge, Esq., United 
States Commissioner, upon wool mid wool¬ 
ens, at the Paris Universal Exposition, 1867, 
we find the following' statements in regard to 
the use of shoddy in England, and more par¬ 
ticularly in the. West Hiding of Yorkshire, 
one of the great centers of British woolen 
and worsted trade. The statements arc 
taken from a report of commissioners, which 
was presented to both Houses of Parliament 
by command of her Majesty, in 18(17. Wc 
take the liberty of putting some sentences of 
this extraordinary revelation in italics, by 
way of calling special attention to them. 
Shoddy consists entirely, and Mungo princi¬ 
pally, of worn-out, and consequently semi- 
rotten rags, gathered in most cases from filthy 
sources, and extensively from the most loath¬ 
some receptacles of utter nastiness which the 
wide world can exhibit. This garbage 
enters “ in proportions from one-third to two- 
thirds” into various articles for men's cloth¬ 
ing and of bedding; and decayed shreds, 
which yesterday were alive with obscene 
vermin, or were glued together and stank 
avith the exudations of putrid small-pox, \e- 
nereal and plague ulcers, now constitute gar¬ 
ments for England’s w ives and daughters— 
and America’s too, if they choose to wear 
them. 
Is tlm economical utilization, or is it ras¬ 
cally adulteration ? The man who in part 
manufactures so-called brandy or gin out of 
whisky, water and certain flavoring sub¬ 
stances, is conceitedly a contemptible cheat, 
and deserves punishment. The man who 
mixes ehieeory or peas with ground coffee 
and sells it. for a pure article, belongs in the 
same category. Respectable tradesmen are 
not guilty of such practices, and knaves 
claiming to bo respectable, conceal and deny 
them. Nowhere, at least in tlm United 
States, are popular morals so debased that 
the intentional adulteration of commodities 
is held to be proper or honest. Where is 
there any difference in principle between the 
cases above cited and the adulteration of 
woolen fabrics by a vastly cheaper and vastly 
inferior substance to natural wool—by worn 
out and rotten wool, worth in England, from 
eight to ten cents in gold per ponnd, while 
natural wool is worth from thirty-seven to 
filly-seven cents in gold per pound V Yet 
her Majesty’s Commissioners, with admirable 
“ clieekiness,” inform the public that the 
term shoddy has ceased to be “one of re¬ 
proach that It “ now enters into honorable 
companionship in official returns with British 
and foreign woolens,” Ac. It is difficult at 
first to resist, the impression that a grim 
irony lurks under this annunciation, but the 
context and the tables given, (we shall pub¬ 
lish some of them hereafter,) prove that John 
Bull is, as Captain Marble would say, in 
bloody earnest; and apparently totally un¬ 
conscious that he is confessing himself a 
swindler! 
The assurance that the first sorting by hu¬ 
man fingers of bales of rags taken from dis¬ 
tricts where the most dangerous contagious 
maladies prevail—so foul that one-seventh of 
the. mass is used for manure—is “ not in any 
degree dangerous to the health of those who 
work among them,” is a pleasant one, and 
proves what various other official English 
publications prove, that the lowest class of 
British laborers are tough —exceedingly 
tough —so very tough that nothing short Of 
being actually knocked on the head is injuri 
ous to them! We are prepared to believe 
that owing to climatic or other causes, (say 
“ frictionl") that actual plague, contagion, 
&c., is not communicated by the shoddy rags 
imported into England; hut we fed quite 
sure that being brought into direct contact 
by handling, and by the respiratory organs, 
with the foul human excretions on cast-off 
rags of the description given, would prove in 
name degree dangerous to the health of any 
laborers but British laborers, anil of any 
British laborers except those who figure in 
the reports of shoddy and other white-wash¬ 
ing commissions! 
“ The woolen trade of Great Britain could 
not he carried on to its present extent with 
out shoddy ’— say the commissioners. This 
is a significant admission. It is the manu¬ 
facture ot woolens which are adulterated to 
the extent of from one to heo-t/urds with 
cheap semi-rotten material, which enables 
England so far to undersell our own manu¬ 
facturers in our own markets, in cheap broad¬ 
cloths and the long list of other articles 
named below, that without a protective tar- 
ill our own would he driven entirely from 
our markets. The misfortune is that the 
adulteration cannot he detected on superfi¬ 
cial examination—and he who finds two 
pieces of cloth of equal appearance, the one. 
materially cheaper than the other, is of 
course disposed to take the cheaper one. If 
he lias any doubts as to the quality, on ac¬ 
count of the cheapness, his doubts are readily 
silenced by the information that it is owing 
to the “cheaper labor and greater skill ” em¬ 
ployed by the English manufacturer. Yet, 
wo have a set of men among us who claim 
that it is for the interest of the consumer to 
allow our own sound goods to be driven out of 
the market, or to compel our inamdiicturcFs 
to resort to the same adulterations, rather 
than to impose sufficient duties on shoddy 
goods to protect honest goods from their 
competition! 
Here is the extract from the English Com¬ 
missioners' report; 
'•Under the name of shoddy, which occurs so 
conspicuously In the foreuolng tables, im enor¬ 
mous weight nf material Is used which, until re¬ 
cently, was waste. Shoddy wus 11 ret Introduced 
into use about the year 1H13, at Hatley, near 
Dewesbury. Mungo was adopted in the same 
district, tint, at a later period. Shoddy is Die pro¬ 
duce of toft woolen rags, sac h as old, worn-out car¬ 
pels, rlanncl *, umrtm iit.tLocKings, mid rtmllarfab¬ 
ric*. Mungo fa the, produce a/ worn-ovl broad or 
similar cloths of fun- quality, ax also of the shred* 
and clippings of doth. It was stated at our In¬ 
quiry that the term arose tn consequence of the 
dlllleiilty at first of manipulation. A manufac¬ 
turer Kin o some of the materials to Ids foreman, 
who, after trial In the shoddy machines. eftrae 
back with tin* remark, “ If wimiago;" when the 
master exclaimed. “Hut It. mar fro!" These 
woolen roars are collected, packed In bales, and 
are Imported from Russia. Egypt, Turkey, the 
entire urea of Europe, India, 11111111 , ami. in fact, 
from all parts, of the world who^e woolen gar¬ 
ments are worn, uml runs produced and cat) lie 
collected. Huy com* (/> Yorkshire from dMrirt* 
where plague, fever, email-par, mid loathsome tkin 
rlWa.se* artensircly pi t civil. The hale* are opened 
mid tin nuns lire so did hy lamia n Unger* before. he¬ 
mp placed 111 Die machine s, which break up, tear, 
separate and cleanse the liber for manufacturing 
uses. Accord hi); to (tie evidence we obtained 
no dts* use has ever broken out mnoutf Hie per¬ 
sons who so manipulate these old woolen rag's, 
althouuh in many of the countries In which they 
mo collected they ure believed t.o bo peculiarly 
plague-bearing materials. The lapse of time tit 
collect lug. storing and Irnnsmilliiig these rags, 
as also the possible destruction of nnv special 
poisons, by merlon or otherwise, must tie taken 
mtO account. The wlJOtO of the fucks deserve, 
however, the -ertous attention of those persons 
who Insist that the power of communicating dis¬ 
cus-:! Ls contained in a datigeoroiis manner hy 
woolen goods which have been worn by persons 
suffering from contagious diseases.. The experi¬ 
ence obtained hy (lie manipulation of shoddy, 
bn' upwards of fifty years, proves that old woolen 
rajrs an- not in any degree dansrnroUH to the 
health of those who work among them. 
The shoddy 1 rude, as now carried on in the 
West Riding, Is a remarkable instance of the 
utilization ot' waste material. The term " shoddy" 
11 a*, in the first. inxta.net, one of reproach, bill. Ilifs 
ho* caused, to be. Shoddy \ww cidem into honorable. 
companionship €n ojttciol n tip n* with British and 
ton ign maul*, uioluor. silk and cotton, and Is used 
by manufacturers throughout, the woolen and 
worsted dlHtrlcts. Hy recent, returns (IMM) the 
total weight, of wool and goals' hair of home 
and foreign growth used, was about three hun¬ 
dred and ten millions ot pounds; Hie total weight 
ol' shoddy and extracts for I lie .same period was • 
about scvcrity-fonr ami one-half millions of 
pounds, or some thirty-three and three-quarter 
thousand tons: so that shoddy now form* near 
utu-jidh, hit weight, of Dm woolen and worsted man¬ 
ufacture of the . district. The woolen trade of Great. 
Britain could not be mnied, on to US present extent 
n. IthOnt. *huddy. 
Slioddu is. mured ti lth wool in proportions from 
<me-thint to tm-thiriLs shothty or niungo, and is 
uted in the umuilfurtiuv of ( heap broadcloths, 
line doth* Tor ladies' eupcs and nututlos, pilots, 
wltneys, ttusbtnga, friezes, petershams, dutfols, 
hotUeys, paddings, linings, cloths used for rough 
and loose area l-routs, oIHee-eoitl* and trousers, 
pea-jackets and blankets. A considerable quan¬ 
tity is used tn the form of flocks or beds. I cited 
cloth Is extensively until uluoturcH ; b dispenses 
with spintil tg and weaving, depending on the 
felting property of wool by reason of the curl in 
the fiber. The process is carried on by the aid 
Of warm moislure, pressure and milling; such 
cloth is used for table-covers. horse-cloUis, eur- 
pets. paddings, druggets, and the coarser and 
thicker kinds for covering steam boilers, steam 
pities and ships,’ bottoms beueuth the copper. 
Some of the tinor and bettor chest oJ Idled cloths 
am printed. 
The manufacture of shoddy and mungo need 
not produce any special pollution, 'flic rags are 
torn into tlbor by machines speetully prepared, 
stud the dirt, dust and lino particles of wool are 
blown out in such manner that this refuse can 
lie collected and sold for manure. About one- 
seventh, by weight, of shoddy is so cleaned out 
as waste in preparing It. The price obtained for 
it as manure varies from fen to twenty shillings 
per toil. Borne of the richer sort of waste shoddy 
ta sent into Kent aa a dressing for hop-growing/’ 
-++«•- 
SPANISH MERINO SHEEP. 
Early import at inn Into Senoen. Co., N. Y. 
Deah Sir I am indebted to tho late Robert 
Henry of Hector, Schuyler Co., N. V„ for the 
following 'particulars: - Mr. Nicholas Wil¬ 
liams, a captain of a merchant vessel, on his last 
return front Spain, imported six Merino sheep 
which he brought with torn Info Seneca County 
in the year Git and settled on what has been 
since culled the Tloo ucr form in tho town of Lodi. 
In the year 1815 or 15 Mr. Williams moved into 
the town of Hector, now In Schuyler County, 
and settled on a farm east of Pouch Orchard. 
Mr. Henry stated that Mr. Williams claimed 
ttiat tho sheep of Ins importation were of the 
Nogrotti family. Mr. Henry's description of 
them is ns billows; Quito fall and longer 
bodied than tho American Merino sheep of the 
present day; tho wool of fine quality, rather 
Short, staple, quite dense, and contained an 
abundance of yolk. They were not, however, 
wooled so heavily on the legs, nor so heavily 
capped as tho Merino sheep of l hr present time. 
Mr. Henry bought, and used a ram bred by Mr. 
Williams, said ram's heaviest fleece of one 
year’s gro w I h, weighed 1+ lbs. There were several 
colonies from Mr. Williams' Hock taken Into 
some ol‘ the adjoining towns, and bred and 
bundled according to the custom of those days; 
with what success he could not. accurately state. 
Mr. Williams was not accustomed to sheep 
husbandry, and did not give his Hook as much 
of his personal attention as would have been 
profitable, leaving the care of them mainly to 
hhs hired laborers. The foregoing is nearly ver¬ 
batim as stated to me by Mr. Henry. 
Hon. IIli .1 m Button of the town of Romulus, 
in this county by request furnished me with 
his early recollectionsupou the same subject, 
from which I make u few extracts. Ho states 
that. In isif’, tils father, Benjamin Sutton, be¬ 
came acquainted with a sea captain of the name 
of Williams; referring to Ids place of resi¬ 
dence, his Statement agrees substantially with 
Mr. Henry; also Hint Mr.Wn.T.i vMB imported six 
Merino sheep on his last return from Spain, 
and that they were of the Negretli variety. 
“ Borne time In September," (continues Mr. But¬ 
ton,) “ my father was at Captain Williams’ and 
bought two ram lambs for which he paid $80 
each; that lie gave them good cure; that their 
first fleeces weighed between nine and ten 
pounds each; lhaL the largest Hoove out from 
4 Honapnrte ’ <thc mime of one) was fourteen and 
one-half pounds and ' Napoleon's* (the name of 
the other) was thirteen pounds of wool wash¬ 
ed, as was usual at that time. The most that their 
united Hoeecs weighed, when cleaned ready tor 
I he cards, was nine and a quarter pounds. !• row 
these two rams, nud tho common county owes, 
my father raised his flock Of Merinos, selecting 
stock rams from his own flock.” I would hero 
say that Mr. Button's flock at that time was the 
leading Hock in bis vicinity and did much to im¬ 
prove tho flocks of tlm county. This* being a 
grain-growing county, tho improved flocks were 
not retained and improved as they might have 
been in other localities. 
Truly yours, J. N. Johnson. 
Henry 8. Randall, I,L. D. 
Remarks.— The statement, that two ranis 
purchased by Benjamin Button ol ('apt. 
William*— they being immediate descend¬ 
ants of imported Spanish Merino sheep— 
yielded respectively lourteen and one-hall 
and thirteen pounds of washed wool (us 
well washed “as was usual at that, time”) 
is unquestionably an error of memory, mid 
doubtless refers to unleashed wool. There is 
not a probability that. Capt. Williams im¬ 
ported or bred Merinos which produced 
double the amount of wool of those import¬ 
ed by Livingston, Humphreys, etc. Liv¬ 
ingston's three stock rams, in 1810, pro¬ 
duced respect ively nine pounds, nine pounds, 
and eleven pounds eleven ounces, ot title 
washed wool. E. J- Dupont’s “Don Pe¬ 
dro,” weighing one hundred and thirty-eight 
pounds, produced eight and a halt pounds 
of brook-washed wool—[a ml of this wesaid in 
the “ Practical Shepherd,” p. 22. |—it is 44 the 
heaviest fleece borne by any ol the early im¬ 
proved Merinos of which l have seen any 
account.” Col. Humphreys mentioned as 
worthy of note that a ram bred by him 
yielded seven pounds five ounces of washed 
wool. Consul Jarvis stated that from 1811 
to 1826 his ranis’ fleeces averaged from live 
and a quarter to six and a half pounds, “ in 
good stock case, washed on the sheeps’ 
hacks.” 
It is unnessary to say that some, if not all, 
of the above eminent, importers selected 
these sheep under peculiar favorable circum¬ 
stances for obtaining the best, and, so Ihr as 
we are Informed, it has never been denied 
or doubted that they obtained the first class 
of Merinos. The point in question docs not 
now possess a particle of practical impor¬ 
tance—but, in making a record of midi sliite- 
mciits as Mr. Button’s, we feel bound to 
challenge inaccuracies which ore obvious, 
and which give entirely erroneous impres¬ 
sions of the sheep of that day. 
-♦ - 
IMPORTS OF WOOL. 
We find tho following comparative table of 
imports of Wool into Boston mid New York in 
George Wm. Bond & Co's Aunuul Report of 
Wool, «Yo., Boston, Jan. 1,1809: 
#S ~ o 2 a u ss = w 
o 'i vjf?, f^ o 5* 
£g: c-i 7 •’’“a §» 
Pf: : Sri ; £r>* £: : 
: : : : : : : : : : : 
: : : m wmm m 
SS: : : $£$: ZdiSS'i? gj 
i: i; Mfe MM ® 
s- z 
3 m nm z 
$ I: : mt 0 
K : >>; «*: 
% 3: *S: m % 
g si: S: §: M 
W • 4 * • 
-1 t loro-va^to 
% g; i si i: mm g 
§ I: • S; § : 'mzi% * 
-1 : : w: sc wow ^ 
3 ij M *§: )m$% l 
"r '& U-- «=: W 
tC O • w. tv • tr+ - Cd — 4 Oi 
s : : : «• jeso— h* 
% !•; ft 
s i: I: m Wm * 
*-1 I (-* 
n im si si m 
G : : : Si |i III 
! I »-4* 14 ) *— 0—4 
§ : X& Oil 
s m : si -: wm 
w. *:o5 
itrni (rconomn, 
GRAIN BINS. 
Chain bins areas necessary an appendage 
to the threshing bam as a well spiked cylin¬ 
der to the economical threshing of grain 
from the straw. The. object of this article 
is to aid the uninitiated in making a grain 
bin after the most improved pattern, by fully 
describing and illustrating the same. The 
material whereof it should be construct'd is 
an important item. Many recommend tho 
use of spruce, red cedar and hemlock; tho 
two formcr possessing an acid taste uncon¬ 
genial to rats; the latter, by its hard splinty 
formation, has also proved a barrier to them. 
Many would construct the bottom of a bin 
of nothing but stone, brick, or concrete; 
while others prefer soaking tho boards in 
coal tar. I would recommend the use of 
stone, or concrete Jor hot touts of bine; (lie 
other portions of the kind of lumber most 
convenient. 
Persons having bins or granaries much 
frequented by rats, will find, by laying a 
branch of tansy or wormword neat’ their 
haunts, that their calls will be less frequent. 
Blill a, good watchful cat or terrier is worth 
all the above preventives. 
of bushels of grain contained in a certain 
bin; and few know how to ascertain this 
without handling over the entire quantity. 
First ascertain the number of cubic. Indies 
in the bin, hy multiplying together the width 
length and height, reduced to inches; divide 
the product obtained thereby by 2,150.42, the 
number of cubic inches in a bushel, tho quo¬ 
tient. thus obtained will be tho number of 
bushels it will hold. Suppose the bin to 
contain filly bushels, and the bight to be lifiy 
Fro. 6. 
4*3 
4X4 4*41 
4x4 g 
100 
50 SO 
50 ^ 
ALLEY 
floor ? 
4X20 
C3 
•4X10 
475 
475 c5 
130 
65 
G5 § 
2U X 24 
Store Room for Fanninu Mill, cutters, &o. 
inches; it, is obvious that each bushel will 
measure the height of the grain therein one 
ineli. Hence, divide the height of the bin 
into as many parts as it. will contain bushels, 
mark these divisions upon a strip of hoard, 
(tig. 2,) which nfiil upright in the bin, and you 
can tell at, a glance the quantity of grain 
contained therein. 
A spout, similar to one of those shown in 
JL12 
IIIMIIIIIIIIHHIIIlilllll IIIBIIHIlWHi 
m wm 
ihhitJ ililjjlLl 
Hi 
- 
*v" Mil# 
. . IliE3P»-^ 
- 7 ——% -; M I 
——4p —:WBBm I 
I ;—— , §H(m II 
-—•_111 1 : m 
In fig. 1, is represented a grain bin that, 
for convenience, economy of space and sym¬ 
metry of form, is uncqnaled, It can be con¬ 
structed stationary or portable to suit conve¬ 
nience. The bottom proper is placed ten 
inches from the floor, as shown hy the dotted 
lines. The bin is divided into three com¬ 
partments, each of which is prov ided with a 
spout, they being on a level with the bot¬ 
tom, exhibited by the dotted linos, through 
which, by raising the slide shown, the grain 
contained in the bin may bo withdrawn into 
a half-bushel or other receptacle, or left to 
run Upon the floor; and, placing the fanning 
mill in close proximity to it, the operator 
may scoop into it. 
Three different patterns of slides arc 
shown, a description of them is unnecessary, 
A bin of this si/.c should lie twelve to eight- 
eon feet long, live feet high at front, six in 
the rear, and four feet wide. It has a hinged 
cover, placed at the angle shown. On the 
rear cover can be placed shovel, measures, 
&c., where they will be convenient. The 
cover should be provided with the neccessary 
conveniences for locking. 
Figure 1— Elevation uf Grain Rin. 
, grain bin that, tig. 1., placed on tho store-room side of the 
f space and sym- bin, the grain may thereby be removed with- 
it can be con- out carrying it through the door; the ad- 
ile to suit coavo joining one maybe arranged in the same 
;r is placed ten manner. L. D. Snook. 
vn hy the dotted Barrington, Yates Co., N. Y. 
Fig* 
FicjZ 
%&g3 
% V. j : : gSISH <£ 
§ 8IS::::i;&Si@ v 
co o Z ‘ Z to to rot— vu 
i u §: w : $ 
§ ut t 
Dentli or Mr. Altlcck.— Tnos. Affleck, Ksq., 
hig-hly dixtiriRiiishod in tho South as an agricul¬ 
turist ancl agricultural writer, died quite .sud¬ 
denly itt ids residence In Breuham, Texas, on 
tho 30th ult. We hope to bo able to present 
some sketches of his life a tv f ohumeter horeufti ■>■. 
- ++-*■ - —-- 
\ Noted Wool Grower.—In a. recently pub¬ 
lished letter from Stettin, describing Count Bis¬ 
marck’s estate in Pomerania, it is stated that the 
groat Prussian statesman's “sheep walks are re¬ 
new nod, and tho proceeds of his shearing uro 
sought for far and near.” 
-- -»»» " ■' 
Correction.—Where it is stated in this paper of 
Jan. Dili that Mr. Loomis foods his Cots wold 
stump a pail of bran each, &t\, it should have 
read a /did of tuun each. 
Box 1* is designed for stepping upon when 
filling the bin. Fig. J exhibits the plan for 
sustaining tho cover; a strip two by three- 
fourths of an inch, two feet long, is secured 
at one end by a bolt or pin. The upper end 
fits into one of a series of notches, made into 
the lower part of cover, B. When closed, it 
assumes the position shown by the dotted 
lines. There should be one at each end 
when the length of the bin exceeds twelve 
feet. Fig. 1 shows the plan of inserting the 
partitions, the post E being loose, whereby 
two or more bins may be thrown into one. 
A bin of this character will keep its eon- 
tents free from dirt, straw, chaff, Ac., which 
are unavoidable nuisances in a barn. It 
would be appropriate in connection with a 
wagon- house, or horse-barn, in which to 
keep grain for the horse. 
In lig. 5 is shown tho plan of a granary, 
sixteen by twenty feet, the bins are four feet 
wide; the other dimensions, with the amount 
they will contain, is shown by figures in the 
plan; each bin is easy of access, the alley 
being four feet wide, giving suJlieicnt room 
for the filling of bags, and, if necessary, the 
storing of them when filled. The granaries 
of American farmers are notoriously too 
small. 
It is often desirable to know the number 
0! FOR A CORN HUSKER! 
Eds. Rural Nkw-Yorujbu: —While the 
cracks and the aches and the pains incident 
to corn husking yet stiffen my fingers, per¬ 
mit the wretched relief, dear Rural, of pen¬ 
ning a complaint. All over the Northwest 
are 44 groanuigs unutterable ’’—men 44 refusing 
to bo comforted” because, of the racking 
twinges in tlleir joints. No longer does the 
domestic man dandle his favorite baby, or 
greet Jiis expectant wife in the wonted chat 
of the fireside. Even the Rural, lor tho 
time, lies neglected. As lor the spruce 
young beau, hia is a tearful plight; to gently 
squeeze tlm dear one’s hand is excruciating, 
while to embrace is exquisite agony. Ah, 
me! all are griiu and gruff as sore-headed 
bears — given over to every grimace that 
mars and distorts the “ human liiee divine.” 
The aforesaid lingers, meanwhile, swathed 
in salve and ointment and doubtful lotion. 
It is a pitiful sight to see a man, afoot and 
alone, marching on a forty acre corn field, 
armed only with native pluck and hi.-, grand¬ 
father's husking peg. Spry though he be, 
and persistent., it is a long, irksome task— 
old Boreas, the while, grinning at him from 
the Polar back door. In other departments 
of husbandry wc have machines and helpful 
contrivances equal to the times and to the 
work in hand; with light heart and elastic 
tread we thus sow and reap and gather the 
grain. The plow and drill and reaper and 
thresher, each used in its season, and housed 
away, then comes the naked “tug of war.” 
Rueful in the November frosts we. trudge 
away to endure weeks of toil and storm, 
fingering out the maize. 
Mayhap, dear Rural, some long-headed 
genius, with brain of inventive mold, and 
a touch of tender compassion in liis soul, 
will get. his wits to work and cipher out a 
husking machine. If so, let me demur 
against wasting skill contriving any new 
“ hook or crook” to the “ peg” of antiquity; 
the mission of that venerable instrument is 
now too lengthy by a double score of years 
—let. it “ peg out,” or bang on a peg as a 
precious relic. Give 11 s a veritable machine 
to which we can lmok our spanking span 
and trot through tho rows with a business¬ 
like rattle—wake the ringing echoes on the 
trusty air and make the husks fly. Bo shall 
ye inventor win golden opinions and green¬ 
backs, and the digital pains subside, and the 
broad expanse of prairie yield up yet many 
more measures of golden grain. 
Illinois, Dee. U)th, 1*118. Hijsktst, 
