ntmstrinl topics. 
SOUTHERN AGRICULTURE, 
BV J. li. DODGE. 
No. 2. — As it I*. 
A motif, disheartened and despondent set 
of men than Ihe Southern fanners, at the 
close of the war, could scarcely 1/e picked 
out. of the history of Die past, They had 
Buffered by taxes, forced loans, plunder by 
two armies, destruction of fences and build- 
iti^s, and, finally, the blow most severely 
h it of all — the loss of property in, and con¬ 
trol over, their “ labor”— L e., their slaves. 
They were not only farmers, but politicians, 
and the loss of political prestige and power 
was to many quit© as bitter as the loss of 
property and the means of acquiring it. 
They were ready to bid adieu to the land of 
their birth and seek fortune anew amid the 
jungles of Central America or Die pampas 
of South America, willing to risk health, en 
dure hardship, and acquire new social .and j 
business habits, rather than remain upon the 
thealc r of former prosperity and present hu¬ 
miliation. This was with most a temporary 
feeling. A lew tried exile, and found it nei¬ 
ther agreeable nor profitable; the many, in 
the exercise of a nobler spirit,realizing the 
• dignity of a North American and the destiny 
of a country that cannot lie disunited, do 
termined to remain, defy poverty, conquer 
every obstacle, and achieve success. 
It was a difficult task. The farms were 
wastes, working stock reduced, implements 
destroyed or worn out, food supplies ex¬ 
hausted, money gone, the laborers free, and 
nobody at hand to make advances upon the 
credit of crops growing or to be grown. 
'I hey might be able to make bricks without 
(straw, but they had neither draw nor day. 
Unused to labor, relying upon others, the 
of cotton and independence in Die future.” hand —ten in cotton and five in corn—bedding 
MANURES AND FOOD. 
Effect ol Fertility Upon ({nality ni' Crops, 
“Abe Die imtritino qualities of grasses 
and other crops materially affected by dif- 
A grand result was seemed, all Ujiu ,r s con- muuu Dnff in the drill with a compost of _ 
sidered but did it pay ? In many, i^ibly 2£ZT£&5l "yS^oTn^nis F ‘ r,ilUy lpw " *" «*•*- 
in most neighborhoods, nearly all extensive, notion is estimated to cost; eleven to twelve “ Abe the nutrition qualities of grasses 
ambitious enterprises were failures. Intelli- and a hair cents per pound." and other crops materially affected by dif- 
gent and Iruthful men have stated that they Variety of Produstf. — It has been pre- ferent degrees of fertility of the soil that 
did not know a case of success during 1860 dieted, a thousand times, hi the last three produces the crop?” This question was 
aud 18(17. Those who produced a crop w ith years that Die days of cotton were numbered put to the Farmers’ Club of New York, and 
their own hands of course received some re- —that its culture must be abandoned, Even no answer given; but referred back to llic 
ward for their labor. now a distinguished planter of the old ftgim& farmers lor solution, which \\ as very discreet. 
Wages .—The excessive prices of labor In would decline it utterly and cast out its very in the Club. 
18(10 were greatly reduced the following name “ to the owls and the bats." I was This is an interesting inquiry to fanners, 
year; and so was the prieu of cotton, which « ,,mJ to we the general denunciation of cot- and has an important practical application 
Was also biudeliud with a tax. The follow- b/n-growing, hoping, not that the prediction to the purchaser and feeder. It. has gener¬ 
ing table showing the comparative rates of °* entire abandonment would ever be ful- ally been supposed, not that the quality 
wages paid will illustrate this decline,which ^lled, but. that a diversification of agrieul- but the quantity of the crop is affected by 
was greater in those States that were least Iwe would grow out of this present disgust the fertility of the soil. Chemical analysis 
successful in I860: 
Status. 
.— im. —, , 
K 5j b 
* i 11 
rt> IT * 
D “ * 
—J807 — 
K sj H 
® © 2 
a B S 
5 a- 
a <* 
Virginia., 
...ta r . 
40 
30 
43 
Nrtrtli < a roll 11.'1 
..mi 
40 
50 
Jiu 
45 
Smith C inilhni 
..IIK 
(»5 
43 
Ml 
■V) 
. 
.171 
75 
57 
Wo 
Im 
Monilii . 
i:;:i 
HI 
H5 
Alutminu . 
..I.W 
.V.l 
i*; 
117 
71 
A1 l*.lHsi|ipi. 
..lOi 
IlKI 
71 
llii 
03 
I.OUlMllUl.'l. 
..171 
1711 
73 
150 
101 
Toxiut. 
. . Jfif! 
100 
SO 
130 
hi 
Arlountii*. 
.. 170 
JIN 
NJ 
153 
01 
'1 omiCHBai-. 
...Ml 
tw 
00 
130 
67 
.—. 
K 3 £ 
2 © 2 
? B £ 
* Q IT 
. 3 w 
103 41 45 
89 41 ;;:i 
ft! 53 43 
k; 47 
117 50 44 
H7 50 40 
00 «B 40 
Dire would grow out of this present disgust the fertility of the soil. Chemical analysis 
I which was horn of a conviction that the has done something towards solving this 
former one-crop system was a melancholy question; but in the present state of our 
failure as an idea in agricultural practice or chemical knowledge, it is quantity and not 
national economy. This conviction has be- quality which can best be determined, 
come pretty general,but the force of habit, Likjuo says: — “ The cause of the action 
Die industrial education both of Die proprio- of a manuring agent is usually sought, for in 
tor and laborer, forbids a change. A despe- the composition of the planthut this is not 
rate effort was made, but nobody knew how always to be relied upon. The composition 
to make it snecessfol — nobody knew any- of wheat, lbr instance, is so constant, or 
thing but cot ton and its culture. And so the varies so little, that it is quite impossible to 
tiling hut cotton and its culture. And so the varies so little, Dial it is quite impossible to 
pecuniary failure of I860 was followed by a infer from the results of the analysis of the 
more persistent attempt, to Increase the area seeds whether the soil on which they urew 
meat it was brought within smelling range. 
, PM> Wo have also tried the experiment of salt- 
:ses in ^ P s, . K>ts ljm ‘ iind ,lim ’ 111 th(: pasture, and 
dig dresfcin S otliers with bones or superphos- 
llal Pbate some weeks before cattle were turned 
‘ out in spring, and liave uniformly found that 
rnd ,lH ' y to feed on these spots. All 
| 1( these facts go to snow I hat the fert ility of the 
•et S ° d doeH the quality of the crop ; that 
' a ton oi hay or grain or any other food, is of 
more value when raised upon soil con- 
:rs ’ taming the requisite fertility to produce a per¬ 
fect development of all its component parts, 
than upon soil where some of these elements 
'7 are defic ient. If the. opposite doctrine were 
true, then wheat, that weighed fifty pounds 
SIS per bushel w ould be as valuable per pound* 
as if it, weighed sixty pounds. But, practi- 
"*1 cally, millers do not hold this opinion. 
These facts, also appear to prove that 
when an element is in excess in the soil, the 
im crop may absorb an undue proportion of it. 
111 It, gives an important hull in reference to 
11,1 manners, that when w e do not know the par- 
111 ticular element wanting in the soil, it is 
ol safest to apply a manure containing as many 
1o plant elements as posssiblo. e. av. s. 
in I860 it was I nit, a very small portion of and the yield of Die favorite product,, and abounded or was deficient in phosphoric 
Die negroes who were hired; still there were J»oDi acreage and production were increased acid, nitrogen, potash, Ac. The abundance 
a lew, not only for domestic or household i" 1867, and yet the large plantations were or deficiency of food in a field exercises an 
service m towns, hut. for cotton planting in a generally unprofitable, with certain notable influence upon the mini her and weight of | = 
sniidl way or for supplemental labor on a exceptions, in which high culture and care- the seeds, hut not upon Die relative propor- 
largc plantation. Rations and clothing were fol managemeut, were happily combined, tion of their component elements." This 
icuscniatt. 
WOODEN HAMES FOR HORSES. 
included with the money in I860; rations 
without clothing in 1867. The rat ions in 
hoth cases consisted principally of lmcon 
and corn meal — three and a half pounds of 
the former and a peck of the latter. 
The. wages system was found unprofitable, 
and generally abandoned after the first, trial 
“ Working upon shares,” its substitute, was 
generally tried with little better sun ess, ex- 
two and half million, of M, worn atatonent la U. la, taken will, many modili- I „ Avli rec ,. n lly notfed ., nmnlier of ar- 
' ,ily p,r m ■?. . «*. . "«• <* «"«»* «>» «<*. *. . 1 ... 
are also attracting more attention. Corn has 
immensely increased in its aggregate product 
cept in cases Of responsible personal super- Die past, year, and Die determination is ex- 
vision. Upon richest soils one-fourth of the pressed to continue Die extension of this 
wntneru ne miiiinm, nr, . i.i ....... iiauiics, impicmeniH, work- r roiu a recent canvassing among the most 
cv to which tliev Icid nJ-iVi' 't ll: . vcl ^ing Block and feed. In poorer soils one- intelligent agriculturists of the Siutea south 
oL , they hat I ascribed their mm was third with rations or one-half without, was of Virginia I have prepared an estimate of the 
oimevil i |U !' U | Kl VU,1 °!'- nannri ‘ soiik'I iines given. TImw whs great diversity relative proportion of the I ilJed lands of each 
,r ‘ - «on of super- Ol the terms and conditions of this service; State respectively in corn and cotton in 
, ^ "i - \ (:lu ' rt “ l1 uar »M».y ,lum P n,v ® mutual oomjiiaints of non-fulfillment of the former years* from which it, appears that 
\ n , ' 1 "‘ IID ' "i "n"v ways than on«, and provisions of these bargains, as might be cx- four-fifths of the aggregate area tilled was 
^ ^ , I ' ) . nK | * " l " u| Diose pectfld. Gradually those diftlcuitics are dis- usually planUid in those two crops, with more 
<•r ,n ^ h ! ' !' 'T> 'fo appearing, heeoniing less and less year by of cotton than of corn. The relative pro- 
ti". 1 i' 1 ! r*i ' i 1 1 ian * lK 'yoril*. year. The ultimate, result will be, aa a gen* portion is raphlly changing, and the change 
. ..." s 1111,1 1,1 " 1 I ,| i« < h ol bread- era! rule, that money wages will become will he more marked in the future than Die 
and totk,n I'O'vcrhilly, and many pojmlar and profitable lbr employer and cm present. The hope is, not that cotton will 
a nan, who knew nothing o labor, procured ployed. Promiscous partm-rships never have l»e grown less, but eon. ...ore 
‘I ---nucam p ow.an, lor the IIihI lime been advantageous and never cun lie the Wheat culture lias received more alfen- 
ssqvu m uuig les 1 ! urn , ot Du: husband- permanent rule of employment. The hull- tion than for many years, and some enthusi- 
n .‘. ‘ . u 1 " toiumam a little mo- vidualily and natural sellislmess of man astic Southerners have given notice to the 
7, 7 .m,""'"? T 7 W «' W.« of iuU'iilion ,o moi.... 
, , . ’' </m'"(uiM I'aii.uig »y lice fiiMrturs of TniproBenumt. — All qcknowi- growth of wheat lbr exportation. No better 
abor.. Cotton was high, compel,rum for la- edge the necessity of better culture and wheat can be produced in the United States 
A f, ,° r ! n ?. r]y , the IU ° 81 eJ t teU8lV( * I’acilitloa for it. A few of the wisest than iu Virginia and North OaroHna «,». „„ 
a horse or mule and plow,and for Die first time 
essayed the roughest work of the husband 
man. All who could command a little mo¬ 
ney hired as many laborers ax he could pay 
or feed, and commenced planting by free 
labor. Cotton was high, competition for la¬ 
bor brisk. As formerly the most extensive 
plantations yielded the largest net income, 
the tendency was to limit Die number of la¬ 
borers hired only by one’s ability to subsist 
them and procure and feed the requisite 
stock of horses and mules. 
With planting, difficulties and drawbacks 
daily accumulated. Weeds had appropri¬ 
ated the old cotton fields to :i troublesome 
extent, involving unusual labor in preparing 
the seed bed, and still greater care lo prevent 
the utter overwhelming of the young cotton 
• ii lias same seed, lint one on hog and the oilier on 
•odnet dry land, 1,90 per cent, of silica from the 
is ex- bog and ft.42 per cent, from the dry land; 
>f this thus showing a remarkable difference in the 
are of same constituent, and this must he attributed 
to the nature of Die soils. Cadet states that 
• most if a phmt of common salt-wort, growing near 
south the sea, he removed inland, and the seeds of 
of the this plant be afterwards sown, the second 
‘ each race ol' plants will contain much potash and 
ni in scarcely a trace of soda. 
I ,llf d Grass from land to which salt, has been 
d w as liberally applied is found, on analysis, to eon- 
moro lain a much larger proporbon of soda than 
3 ! ,ro * other grass in the same field to which salt 
auigc |) IW not been applied (0. W. .Johnson.) The 
II ,, a’ different organic analyses of wheat show the 
l w ill gluten to vary from eighteen to sixteen per 
<•<> 111 . All millers have learned the differ- 
it 1 vii- j,, quantity and quality of flour oh 
' :, . , „„ mui- uwi .Ml 'uouy y ouis, juiu some eniuusi- mined from wheat grown in different lorali 
vidualily and natural seihshness of man ««tic Southerners have given notice to the ties. Bakers soon learn to detect what 
I’. 1 ' , , . West, of an intention to monopolize the they call strong and weak flour, this depend- 
hratnur.a, hnprorsnimt, - All gcknowl- gWWdbol wheat lor exportation No better i„g upon the proportlo,, of gluten, There 
S®/ il !‘ t " T 7 ,yof cr r cut, »« whettl C!Ul ,JC ^ 0tluc(!(1111 the Uuik ' d States ap pear8 bo littl( , doubt m ,der proper 
la.ttci facihlies lot ii. A few ol Die wisest, than iu Virginia and North Carolina, and no stimulus, a particular part of the plant may 
and most progress, ve are borrowmg sugges- belt north of this latitude can produce as be built up in larger proportion than another 
•wcentfeThinr, t ™^ * 8PoA- While I do not believe in the policy Home sods produce large growth of straw 
accepting hints oi cronomy and adoj.tuig ol growing wheat for exportation at all, I and little grain, and nw rm. Wi* knmv 
labo-saving appliances and are reaping sub- confidently hope aud firmly believe that this that, the different parts of animals may he 
sbmlial benefits from their wisdom and en- section will soon supply itself with bread, grown very disproportionately; Diat an'ani- 
1 7’.' 16 ," 1US 77 i'7 - n ?» l0 Ii OW 'T’ U l,i ' a snrpkls ahva - yH 0,1 h,,lul " mal may be fed so as to build up the frame 
7 ' P , Tf !l ' U 110 ° ld 1 ' ljere is scalc0,y ! * bct,cr t>0Un,r y in ^ and muscular system, laying on very little 
way, hallowed by tlm associations ot arm- world for the production of meat of all fat, or so as to lav on fat wiiho.u 
, '' " <s | stanlinl bciictits from their wisdom and en- section trill soon supply itself with bread 
With planting, difficulties and drawbacks ferprise. The masses “are not following, with a surplus always on hand . 
da.lv aceiim,dated. Weeds bad appropri- except in squads, and far behind” The old There is scarcely a better country in the 
ated the old COI ton fields to n troublesome way, hallowed by l lu. associations of a cm- world for the production of meat of all 
extent, involving unusual labor m preparing liny and the memory of dead grandfathers, kinds. When thieving and wholesale phm- 
hc seed bed, and still greater care to prevent i« still followed by the multitude. As it is ftcr of farm stock is stopped, as it will lie as 
V o \11 u i< lining ol Du young cotton hard to divert a day’s labor from cotton to soon as wholesome laws can lie enforced a 
wit h grasses and noxious plants. Homeland any other crop, so ii. is equally difficult to revival of stock grow ing will take place, and 
mules \vere scarce and high, ami feed diffi- improve upon old practices of cotton grow- millions of money will he made by beef 
cult to obtain. The fVeedmcn, who still fur- ing, however rude they may he. pork, mutton and wool. Little is done in’ 
cult to obtain. The freedmeu, who still fur- ing, however rude they may lie. 
nished most of the labor, at first averse to en- There are a few like Da vid Dickson of 
gaging in a culture full of recollections of their Hancock county, Ga., who have tested the 
servitude, and afterwards constructing their superior profit of high culture. I hi com- 
sen ice with new-.‘md sometimes absurd views nicnccd it twenty years ago, hut the ef- 
of personal freedom, became an agricultural feet of his example was overborne by Die 
engine without a balance wheel, aud tlu: larg- lazy mail’s alternative of cheap lands* slip- 
cr the number working together without, a nhod culture, and removal when exhauslion 
contidling leader the worse confounded the interferes with the profit. Mr. D. used hoth 
this line at present, except in Texas. 
tat, or so as to lay on lal. w ithout a proper 
proportion of muscle, producing those dis¬ 
eased prize monsters, to lie wondered at, hut 
unlit for human food. A symmetrical animal 
will lie equally developed and have a proper 
proportion In all ils parts, and Us chemical 
constituents in proper equilibrium; but we 
often find too large a portion of tat, or 
Ramii* (Bocfmaw Uitaem/ma) has lmd a muscle, or bones. So of grain there is loo 
horses are in general use in eastern New 
York, and have been for more than thirty 
years, They are used wdUiout any pad or 
collar under them. They are usually made 
of hard, or sugar maple, or white oak, using 
limber w hich lias a natural crook, so that it 
w ill not be necessary to cut the w ood across 
t he grain. They are not more than two and 
a half to three inches in width in the widest 
portion of them, which is w here the trace is 
attached. A diagonal mortise is made 
through t he hamo, long and wide enough to 
receive t he leather trace, which consists of a 
loop of harness leather of suitable weight. 
The leather strap is passed through the mor¬ 
tise from Die front side, double ami drawn 
Imek so that the lolip in the strap will sur¬ 
round closely a toggle of hard wood about 
one half an inch iu diameter, where it, is en¬ 
veloped by the loup, and enlarged slightly 
above uiul below to keep it in place. 
The direction of the diagonal mortise 
through the hame is so shaped that the under 
side of t he liame aud the leathern trace are 
about on the same line; that is, so that Dio 
hame and trace will hot h bear on the shoul¬ 
der of the horse at the back and umlcr side 
of the hame. 
The writer has had years of experience 
with these hames m breaking colts to plow, 
harrow and the like, and has never known 
one to produce a gall, or a callous, even on 
the shoulders ol' unbroken colts; hut the cus¬ 
tom was to wash the shoulders well with cold 
water when the harness was removed, and to 
keep the hame and that portion of the trace 
winch hear on the shoulder, smooth and 
clean, They at e superior to any other hame 
tin - heavy draft horses. 
I have also seen it recommended to use 
the ox with a leather padded hame collar, 
instead of the ordinary yoke and bow. I 
speculative run, and Die most extravagant large a proportion of starch, too lit tle of have tested hame collars of various forms for 
claims have been entered in its behalf, and gluten or muscle-forming matter, too little of ,,XL ‘n. and am satisfied that a proper shaped 
claims have been entered in its behalf, and 
not a little humbug practiced with it ; hut ils 
practfi'tU value as a profitable crop has not 
yet been tested. 
contusion. There were grave difficulties to be commercial and domestic fertilizers liberally Dianas, lemons, '' ,Ion! b % s > bananas, we can. they have an ins 
overborne in the Spring of 1866, to which were and obtained from ! J,000 lo 6,000 pound# of .'i '-ii' S r'n V ' !'!! 7 M .'-' ,7. n tku11 chemistry ; it can del 
added, as the season advanced, heavy rains, ginned cotton per acre, one hundred and fifty 7 *!,"! '.I'! - ,n ‘ 11 ' l|,UMN ." ut aiu ! <,l,!llily °* food eh 
damaging floods, tin. army worm and finally per cent, more than ihe grand average for i""r 7 " j n,,liUo, 7* 11 , c ,r quantity, 
the receding price of cotton, depressing the the cotton Suites. His crops were damaged „ U ’ ut < urc J 1 11 <k) ,01 '^° u | hem a « n ' A u ' w • v ' i ‘" rs 
proprietor and discouraging the la borers who by worms and unpropitious seasons, but the cu ture 18 re »rrved for another article.. dressing of hue raw bon 
had contracted for a portion of the crop. failures were only partial and left him with "The fou°winctnWo shown the percentage of each "Inch had mn into I due gi\ 
nil 4 * mi v Di i crop to the total area ot tilled Jtiiid*. cfliricd to I,lit* liold in Imtr 
These arc fact©. They were indeed “ stub- an average of a bale per acre. c««on. com. u i i m ua^, 
born things” for those particularly interested The following iustanccs arc from my report North Carolina.' "4 A ailt 7*7 ' akS ' |l|,n,,,d "I 1 
in them, (n view of them, is it not evident “1*>" “ Southern Agriculture," showing the i S ^ UM so flic pile 
that, remarkable energy was somewhere ex- tendency to more extensive culture: -Ci . 11 .. 11 ' . 1 .. U 11 . 1.1 ii lit mV .' 0 M ' 7 ,? ,ni '. •' I,un ( ' 1 ' 
hi hi ted by cotton growers, that new recruits “Mr. Hpkinquh of Unrroll county, Ga., eulti- lVxa«7?7.”''.'.'JV.'."!.« m * A ' ^ V IIO< " at . “ 
wave received from oilier States, that w Uite vate* cotton at ihe cost, of ten oeuts pur pound, ...« % : " L '7 I ,ro P t)r,J uu was ief 
Jahor was to some extent enlisted in Die four 1,.ules per band, U-sIcka gmhi, . J _ over other parts ol the fid- 
1 ... .. , pototooH and ot lu-i- crops. AveraKo.44 38 011 these spots grew taller 
Ik, and that a litige portion ol the treed- “in-.T anKkhIo-Dioshuiq county, obfotued five --darker green. These w-ere 
men actually employed must have been quilc Itumfivd pounds per aure on very poor land by A Colton E.v|»orim»-iu. -The Model Farmer I I I ' 1 n 
industrious to produce nearly two millions the use or stable manure. (Corinth, Miss.,) says a planter near Columbus lI " JOl ! ,u !" >un< < s ’^T 1 
of hales of cotton nearly half ns much as “ A planter of .lolmnrm ootmty, Oa^ cultivates Miss., conceived Die Idea of plant ins his cotton aiak ; ft* w inter, wli<*li foci 
..... • . - r IM b.ittu acres, with fertilizers made by supplying three feet and a half apart each way — checking this field—which was a I'ai 
t *? ' - 1 ' ' ' ’ ‘ IS ’ low ' Ids own stuiilcs with pine straw. Ills cotton is as in corn rows, lie thinned out his cotton to in good order_Die cattle 
lrecclmen who ivcru directed by intelligent, estimated to cost hut six cents per pound. two stalks to the hill, and plowed both ways as a-i isi illv ., 
supervision, iu small squads, and especially “Dr. 8. 1*. npiuxisrT of Fort Gaines, Ga., ma- corn is cultivated, HfS acre of cotton thus . . ‘ • ’’ Sul,lc 0 
those who followed UlC actual lead of a work- '"'Cnt.v-llve acres of poor pine land and planted and cultivated turned out a wonderful nn<l they would leave the 
j.,.,. ol)tiiinc<t eighteen bales of live hundred pounds quantify of lint, and all the bolls opened, as these as greedily as if the 
"V alnur ’ ft en0Ca,, y ‘ i " 1 VP . r .V M'dl. each, Cosfins- six rvats per pend. the sun could r cml rale and mature each boll. They readily knew Die Dili 
And not. only were there many willing thus “In Tatmill comity, Ga., «n experiment wdth ’I’his acre produced more than two acres eulti- 0 r q’ 1 • . 
to load, but there were Olhere ready to .give wwultod as follows:-Seven rows, with vated as 19 our usual mode. . ‘ a 01 uay m 
up hunting and lislihm to raise a little cron un dcr the ridge. :«1 pounds; seven rows -♦-*•♦- same field. I he larger amc 
bv their own labor A - I tt,.. with , an «nnmtit,v on ihe surface, 2t(i Hnli nn.l Lime for Uald.a K es.-It was recently oi ''me and nitrogenous m 
. * . ' ’ P ou ’ ,l1:; l Pt ‘ven rows without guano, 104 pounds, stated in n discussion by the Waltham (Mass.) these spots produced a mot 
I the Mime man IU the cotton field-“in “The product of the soil has been increased Agricultural Club, Dm. a farmer in Holliston opmen of these mia itieT 
the loss of his slave he became himself free, one-third in Clarke county, Ala., by the use of had raised cabbages on the same land for tifteen ” quanues 1 
and many a cotton bale was the result of su P® r Phosphatc i of lime. .successive years, and always successfully. He '. ° J0 iay a 
M'lfite labor which will drove -l nrolitie cn„ r ™ ‘ Albert Cbumfler, near Childersburtg, Tallo- manured his land with common salt, and watered dierclore, a better relish. 
, w me 11 w m prov e a prolific source dega county, Ala., cultivates fifteen acres per the plants with lime. seemed to distinguish Dm .1 
A Colton Experiment. The Model Farmer 
(Corinth, Miss.,) says a planter near Columbus 
Miss., conceived the Idea of planting his cotton 
lliroe feet and a half apart, each way — checking 
as iu corn rows, lie thinned nut his cot tun to 
two stalks to tin- hill, and plowed both ways as 
corn is cultivated. His acre of cotton thus 
planted and cultivated turned out a wonderful 
quantity of lint, and all the bolls opened, as 
the sun could penet rate and mature curb boll. 
This acre produced more than two acres culti¬ 
vated as is our usual mode. 
phosphate of lime, Ac. 
Lulus refer this nice question to our ani¬ 
mals; they will decide it more certainly than 
we can. They have an instinct more subtle 
than chemistry; it can detect the condition 
and qualify of the food elements as w ell as 
their quantity. 
A lew years ago, when applying a top 
dressing of fine raw' bones to a meadow 
which had run into blue grass, the bones were 
carried lo the field in bag*;, early iu spring, 
and these bags dumped upon the ground at 
equal distances, so the piles could betaken 
into baskets and sown evenly over Die field. 
These piles were not gathered up clean, and 
a larger proportion was left, than w as sow n 
over other parts of the field; and the grass 
on these spots grew taller and of a deeper, 
darker green. These were cut by t liemselves 
and bound in bundles to preserve (hem sep 
wooden yoke and wooden hows, about one 
and three quarter iuehes in cross section, 
where it bears on Die shoulder, is preferable 
to any other form of harness for oxen. 
Lashing a spar across the forehead and to 
Die horns of oxen, has this serious objection, 
that it does not admit of the head taking its 
natural lateral swing with every step, and 
Die rigid confinement of the heads of the 
two animals together, is very uncomforta¬ 
ble and wearisome. 
Baltimore, Md. J. Wilkinson. 
Blanketing Horae*.—The Canada Farmer says 
the blanket should not be used upon a horse m 
winter unless it is used faith Cully. The trouble 
arises in this way: — When a team has been 
driven a few miles to market, or the same dis¬ 
tance for pleasure, blankets or robes tiro put, on, 
but when drawing logs to Dm saw mill or doing 
other heavy work, they are made to haul large 
loads a mile or two and return at a brisk trot 
and stand uncovered till another load is put on. 
In this wny the horses are suddenly cooled off, 
arate. In winter, when feeding the hay from 1111(1 8tjU1 ’ 1 uncovered till another load is put. on. 
this field — which was a fair cron and saved In this w,iy " ,f ‘ horsps are s,lfl,k ' nl - v ‘ujolerJ off, 
in . 100,1 rmlei-_i hr. ,. 0 om . , 1 and the succeeding .lay flndathem stek and im- 
n . K ( ‘ l Db and leases were able to labor for some time, if not ruined on- 
occasionally given some ol these bundles, tirely. Blanketing at. one time and omitting it 
and they would leave the hay and devour at another is warsu than affording no protection 
these as greedily as if they lmd been oats. atuU ‘ __ 
t hey readily knew Die difference, although Cure for Golteln lierw**,^Thcdoath of llotii'.nx 
ol Die same kind of hay and grown in the Bonner’s Auhurn horse induces a New Yorker 
same field. The larger amount of phosphate t0 S(?m1 t,le Tribune/ a remedy which he has 
of lime and nitn-.mmm.c . ucver 8cen f8il to cure colie in horses. It is 
acres per | the plants with lime. 
therefore, a better relish. The animals 
seemed to distinguish the difference the mo- 
<l< nce in it that he would be willing to insure 
the recovery of any horse if it was administered 
in time. 
