easily be used in the same way. All the 
cattle stalls are made upon the same princi¬ 
ple, though of different sizes, for fattening 
cattle, milch cows, and young stock. The 
feeding boxes are two ud one-half feet 
wide, the floors five and one-half feet, from 
the feeding trough to the gutter, which is 
fourteen inches wide and the passage in the 
rear is three feet, making in all about twelve 
feet for the; stalls. The stalls are six and 
one-half feet wide, arranged for two ani¬ 
mals, which are fastened by a neck-strap or 
chain attached to a short chain or ring, play¬ 
ing up and down upon a rod bolted to the 
partition between the stalls. A perpendicu¬ 
lar rack is in front ol’ the manger, and a 
shutter is hinged below it, and when open is 
held in an inclined position by a chain. 
This affords space for a good forkful of hay 
between the shutter and the rack. Great 
economy of space i$ thus secured, for the 
encroachment upon the gangways is rarely 
of any inconvenience, and when carts are 
driven through it is easy to close the shutters. 
Light and air are abundantly provided for 
the stock, as any one may see by even a 
casual inspection of the plans, in fact, these 
are the first features that impress any one. 
The ventilating trunks are four feel, square, 
and rise from the feeding floor directly to the 
roof, where they terminate in Emerson’s 
ventilators of the largest size. The current 
of air caused by one of t hese is at all times 
perceptible, and usually amounts to a con¬ 
siderable wind. The windows on the stock 
former product, our wants in the home 
diate future require the manufacture of 700, 
000 hogsheads; and there is no good reason 
why a full supply and a surplus for exporta¬ 
tion may not be produced upon the Mexican 
Gull coast. At the present rate of increase 
this result could be attained in less than five 
years. The crop of ’07 was less than fifty 
thousand hogsheads; that of ’68 will be con¬ 
siderably above one hundred. Our cheap 
lands, superior soils and fine climate, give 
advantages which Europe, never enjoyed in 
building up her really substantial beet sugar 
interest. 
Rice as a production has never been de¬ 
veloped as it must be in the future. It is of 
superior quality, and is sent to Asia and the 
islands of t he Pacific for seed. I have before 
me the journal of the Agricultural Society of 
New South Wales, with notice of the recent 
introduction of Carolina rice. It. is emi¬ 
nently suited to the lowlands of the coast 
and adjacent islands, and its Culture can he 
largely extended with profit. 
The Ramie, ( Boehmcria tmmmimn ,)a fiber 
of remarkable strength and beauty, is already 
cultivated, and hopes are entertained of suc¬ 
cessful practical results in its culture. Our 
paper makers may yet obt ain from this region 
a surfeit of cheap material. The Esparto 
} grass, (Stipa i knacmmnj of the mountains of 
[ Southern Spain, which is extensively ex- 
| ported for paper making in England, will be 
introduced among the hill lands of the South 
by the Department of Agriculture. The 
young reeds of the canebrakes are now 
largely used for paper making, and a great 
variety of other fibrous material will be util¬ 
ized for a similar purpose. 
The production of oils from cotton seed, 
the castor bean, (Palma ('hriMi) and other 
oleaginous seeds which grow to perfection in 
the Southern climate, will yield a mine of 
wealth to those engaged in growing the 
plants and in expressing the oils, while the 
residuum, or cake, will supply the most nu¬ 
tritious cattle foods and fertilizers. Initia¬ 
tory enterprises in this direction have proved. 
their feasibility and glimpses of the wealth 
which they will ultimately create. 
The culture of peaches, grapes, olives, figs, 
oranges, lemons, bananas, and a great variety 
of other fruits of the semi-tropical and tem¬ 
perate. climates, will constitute a prominent 
feature iu the industrial system of the future. 
Splendid results are already attained, suffi¬ 
cient to give augury of the coming greatness 
of Southern fruit growing. 
Stock tiruwipg autl Dnirvlnp- 
The capabilities of this section for stock¬ 
growing arc little understood. Some South¬ 
ern men claim it to he the best country for 
stock in the world. Certainly the limestone 
lands of the Shenandoah, the branches of the 
Potomac, and the valleys of the mountain 
system of the South, from Virginia to Ala¬ 
bama, abound In the sweetest and richest 
grasses, for eight to ten months in the year; 
and the plains of Texas, and even the pina 
forests of the coast, are green and dense with 
a crop of wild grasses as early as February— 
furnishing food for millions of cattle, and ten 
times as much more that is left to dry up and 
- — j. The waste 
WIQ-. 3. DAVID LYMAN’S BARN 
lace to savages, and other improvements, will be held in re- 
s meant. About serve for such use, to the extent of the pres- 
, some twenty ent value of the farms; and if a sale of half 
ought a tract of or three-fourths of the farm becomes neces- 
>f land at two sary for this purpose, the wise landholder 
re, a sum which will not hesitate to make a seeming sacrifice 
dollars per acre that will prove a real advantage. The stupid 
rn out with the pride which hesilutws to divide a patrimony 
two-field rota- may deprive children of an inheritance, 
itb clover and A Variety of Crop*, 
nd varied crop- It was a singular idea for a warm climate 
ixty dollars per that the. human family only needed clothing 
vis himself and —that cotton must hot lie ttummum bonum, 
u-nishing farms Whether cotton, wheat, or any other crop, is 
SOUTHEAST VIEW. 
ever be a prominent crop, it should only be 
cultivated as one of several products for ex¬ 
portation, and an ample sufficiency of every¬ 
thing consumed upon the farm should be 
grown at home. The idea that Southern 
horses should be obtained in Kentucky, flour 
from Missouri, and part of the corn supply 
from Illinois, has been a curse to the Cotton 
Suites. Specious and false was the theory 
of reciprocity of material interests; it never 
ean be profitable to carry bulky agricultural 
products a thousand miles, to be used on soils 
as rich and cheap as any in the world, at an 
expense for transportation far exceeding the 
cost of product ion at the place of consump¬ 
tion, The variety of which this region is 
_l.i • . t . .. . 
CELLAR, STAIRS 
STAIRS foHAY' FLOOR 
CARRIAGE ROOM 
AREA 
feed the flames of annual fires, 
of grasses in the South represents more meat 
and more money than the cotton crop could 
purchase. This will ultimately be converted 
into beef and mutton and wool, and addi¬ 
tional resources of feed for animals will be 
cheaply produced. 
The mountains of Southwest Virginia and 
of Carolina already furnish notable exam¬ 
ples of cheese-factory enterprise, and offer 
to 0,000 feel, and geo- inducements for associated dairies superior 
- -_J primitive granite to those of any other section east of t he Miss¬ 
issippi. A tract of two thousand acres has 
been obtained in these localities, lor $1,000, 
suitable for dairying, and at. no great dis¬ 
tance from railroad communication. While 
[ the most desirable tracts cannot be had at 
such a rate, all these grazing lauds are re¬ 
markably cheap. It is safe to predict that 
stock-growing will soon he grcaily increased, 
and become the basis and prominent source 
of profit in Southern, farming. 
Culture. 
Deeper and better culture will take the 
place of the careless scratching of the sur¬ 
face in the past. It has repeatedly been 
proved, in the past season and previously, 
that twice the usual average yield of cotton 
can be obtained by thorough and high cul¬ 
ture. Horizontal culture and hillside ditch¬ 
ing will be more generally practiced on un¬ 
even surfaces, and draining will be brought 
into requisition to develop the high capabili¬ 
ties of some of the best soils. 
Fertilizers. 
It is useless for the South to import guano 
while inexhaustible beds of phpsphatrc rocks, 
(covering many Bquare miles in South Caro¬ 
lina,) marls along 
ENGINE 
ROOM 
The Size of Farms. 
The farms of Texas in I860 averaged 591 
acres; of Louisiana, 586; South Carolina, 
488; Georgia, 430, and the fill-ecu Slave States 
820 acres. The smallest farms of the country 
were in Massachusetts, 04 acres; those of 
New York had 106 acres, of Pennsylvania 
109, of Ohio 114 acres. In 'J L’exas farms were 
worth $3.47 per acre; in Massachusetts 
$86.91. The great, farm of 591 acres was 
worth $2,050; the little farm of 91 acres 
the cereals, grasses, vegetables, and fruits of 
the temperate zone, with many of the pro¬ 
ductions of the tropics. A belt extending 
from twenty-five degrees to thirty-nine de¬ 
grees north latitude, including a range of 
elevations amounting i " ' 
logical formations from the 
to alluvium now iu the process of deposition, 
cannot become a wealthy region, rich by 
persistence in the culture of a. single pro¬ 
duct.” 
The sugar interest, in the future, will he 
one of immense magnitude. Instances are 
reported, the present season, of five hundred 
dollars 
nous 
UI our army producers and carriers. The 
old cotton crops, with very few exceptions, 
never commanded $200,000,000; the present 
crop, half as large as tire largest ever made, 
is worth more than $150,000,000 in gold to¬ 
day, while corn is becoming plenty, wheat 
increasing, and the people more self-reli¬ 
ant and nearer self-supporting than ever 
before. No cotton crop ever brought so 
much money as the wheat crop of 1867, yet 
wheat is but one of the many necessaries of 
file, the aggregate of which would swell into 
an equivalent for many crops of cotton, 1 
have written elsewhere:—“While cotton 
SOUTHERN AGRICULTURE. 
BY .1. R. DODGE. 
No. 3.—As It Will Be. 
The dead past is in process of burial, and 
the rites of its sepulture are sad enough; yet 
a cheerful future will come. As the agricul¬ 
tural system of that past led to the creation 
of false values, the Increase of expense for 
food and clothing, and the depression of gen¬ 
eral industry; so the reformed agriculture of 
the future will exhibit a communitv’s wealth 
gross returns per acre of 
may ' stead of 200,000 hogsheads of 
HOQS 
VENTILATOR 
JA1R5 JO MOW 
'STAIR S' TO CUPOLA - S MfW 
VENTILATOR □ 
VENTILATOR 
LI DING GATE 
XX. STAIRS TO;STOCK FLOOR 
the entire coast, gypsum 
beds in the inland mountains, and limestone 
everywhere, with sea-weed, fish, oyster shells, 
forest leaves, pine straw and muck abound— 
some of t hese sources of fertility being found 
upon every farm or in close proximity to it. 
No less than seven companies have already 
been formed for working the mineral phos¬ 
phates near Charleston, S. C., and some, if 
not all, are in active and verv successful 
WATER 
TROUGH 
SCALES 
VENTILATOR 
Fiq. 4. — Ground Pi an op Barn, 
Fig. 6.—Storage Floor op Barn 
