operation. One tract, on which sixty-five three years; he then hacl tanks made of 
hands arc getting out large quantities daily, galvanized iron which wotked uij sa s at 
sold at, Philadelphia for $16 per ton, in the torily and economically. He had made many 
crude rock, is yielding more profit than a experiments to ascertain the saving effected 
successful gold mine. No! only will these by steaming food, but found it very difficult 
fertilizers enrich the farms of the. North, but to arrive at satisfactory results. Sometimes 
their influence will be felt in full garners and he would feed dry food m cold weather, and 
nliimn nnrkets of Southern farmers, when Btcamecl food in warm weather; in such 
plump pockets of Southern farmers, when 
they shall have learned the use of these va¬ 
rious mines of wealth at their very doors. 
Form Implements, 
of an improved character, will have their 
influence in the regeneration and reorgani¬ 
zation of Southern Agriculture. They will 
ultimately save half of the present, labor of 
production and unravel the knotty labor dif¬ 
ficulty in the South, as they have already in¬ 
creased production and wealth in the North. 
Aid® to “ ProeroBs nud Improvement.” 
cases the gain would seem to be enormous, 
but when these circumstances were reversed 
the gain would he much less. Ilis experi¬ 
ments varied from a saving of fifteen per 
ceut. to forty per cent. He could say posi- 
zation of Southern Agriculture. They will tively that cows fed on cooked food gave very truiy you™, cities wearinsr occasionally, only, the fine 
ultimately save half of the preaent labor of much ,he moat milk, that corn .talk, when 11 SliRh^Zj fcS S. 
production and unravel the knotty labor dit- steamed were eaten greedily in every pa , Mr. McCulloch to Mr. Seward. A small part ot our population, it is true, 
Acuity- in the South, as they have already in- and that steamed food in general went much Treasury Department, Jan. 22, 1869. for lQ |)urclms0 c i 0 ths of foreign make to 
creased production and wealth in the North, farther than uustcamed: but precisely how a*, b „ v0 the.honor [ to_MUo Ug|i ,,4 ,u,. u , B clvo» from the maeees, hut 
Ate. .. Presses, nud le.ereveu.eut.- much he could not cerle.mly say at present ""M****-"[“h you tot£to they L of the same clae, who to France, 
Among the means of improvement and Several speakers expressed th*. opinion v Department, covering copy of resolutions under the empire, when cotton stockings 
aids to progress, by which the grand results cooking food did not pay for the extra ex- by tho National Wool Growers’ Assoola- wwo prohibited preferred smuggled cotton 
of the future will be attained, are those hint- pensc, and alleged that if fed properly, rtookiuga to ailk, bacauso Uiey could bo only 
cd at in these suggestions from my report on cowa would eat every part of tha corn atolk “ufSSS. * otoainod at double .he coat of the latter. 
“ Southern Agriculture”: — “One of the without cooking it. there was a great a : it would appear from tho resolution referred Fashion all over the world demands the use 
most essential needs of the South, attainable said upon the subject, but as it was mainly to that the two great Interests of wool nrowin* for oommon wear of the medium mixed and 
lion of the Secretary of the Treasury in order 
that he may become acquainted with the views 
therein presented. I am. Sir, 
Your obedient servant, 
Whom am H. Seward, 
Mr. Seward to Mr. Ttamlnll. 
Department op State, [ 
Washington, Jan. 28, '(19.) 
Henry S. Rand add* Esquire, 
Cortland Village, Cortland Co.. N. Y.: 
My Dear Sir : — Here It* a copy of Mr. McCul¬ 
loch’s letter upon t he subject of • be resolutions 
passed by the Natlounl Associations of Wool 
Manufacturers.* I submitted your communica¬ 
tion to him in order that L might receive the 
benefit of his opinion. 
Very truly yours. 
William H. Seward. 
shawls, satinets, the infinite variety of fancy 
and silk-mixed cassimeres, sackings, repel- 
lants, tricots, beavers Esquimaux, escredons, 
cloakings, our success lias been complete and 
our progress within the last five years truly 
astonishing. In nearly all these productions 
we can vie with any nation in excellence, 
soundness, and taste of manufacture, and In 
some of them in cheapness. These goods it 
must be remembered furnish all the abso- 
fbc Spi 
piarran. 
NEW STYLE OF BEE-HOUSE. 
During eleven years’ perusal of the Hu* 
hal I have repeatedly noticed inquiries for 
a desirable model of a bee-house, and as 
often noticed the sensible reply that such a. 
lately necessary card-wool clothing for our system of bee-keeping was impracticable, as 
population, and all that the great majority of all reports of attempts in that line werocon- 
our people arc Inclined to wear at any time, fessions of failure. Hero, however, is a plan 
a very small part of the population of the which invites the public favor. It is a hive 
steamed were eaten greeuuy m M r. McCu*toch to Mr. Seward, 
and that steamed food in general went much Treasury Department, Jan. 22,1869. 
farther than unsteamed; but precisely how Sir: — I have the honor to acknowledge tho 
much he could not certainly say at, present, receipt of the letter of Henry 8. handai.l, 
i « • ,i . Ksti ftddrossod to rofoi Ii’ii liy you to tilts 
Several speakers expressed the opinion that Department, cverta* copy of resolutions 
1.!.. .. P „ 1 .1 ! .1 lAti thn nvirn iiv. * . —- . .a . . 1 . 
Among the means of improvement and Several speakers expressed the opinion mat Do ‘;^ tmcuti Wlt0rinjr 00 py of resolutions 
aids to progress, by which the grand results cooking food did not pay for the extra ex- hy tho National Wool Growers’ Awtooia- 
of the future will be attained, are those hint- pense, and alleged that if fed properly, tlon and National Association of Wool Maim- 
cd at in these suggestion, from my report on cows would eat every part of tho com stalk 
“Southern Agriculture”: — “One of the without cooking it* There was a great dun it would appear from tho resolution inferred 
with four apartments of standard size, with 
movable frames and a movable side and 
honey-board for each apartment; also holes 
for boxes for surplus honey, and a large top, 
covering the whole high enough fora doublo 
tier of boxes and a roef projecting well each 
way and slanting two ways to shod off the 
rain. The top should b® cut in two parts 
aud connected at the peak of th® roof with 
hinges, so ms to make tho boxes accessible 
from either side hy lifting ona-hulf of the 
cover. 
keeping them in good condition. A saving 
of transportation and breakage amount ing to 1 rof - ™ G 1 E f h:lU . 
tens of millions annually would ensue from sheep that had ^ens 
the accomplishment of this item of advance- a °° : n laitl 0111 
meat. An increase of laborers, especially of »'“» ®" ara «*et, 
lntcHjtat and skilled worker, in every its meetings, and on 1 
branch of agriculture and horticulture, are ot t b'' seBSiou, it woa 
necessary to rapid progress. A portion of at th. 8terl.ng Houm. 
this increase should be obtained at home, i* s 11 111 l , < 
. -mr A lid l' \ 1111/ Ml/ll) H II* WUVWtWwa.w ' 
_ . _ r ** e "*- rved * . m , Dominion of Ganodu In tho proposed Reciprocity 
Prof. Gamgee had sent from the West, a trpaty jn r ,. fflird to wo0 ] would bo prejudicial to 
sheep that had been slaughtered two months their interests. 
. . . » 1 .*» _ i.1_A 
and the remainder should be drawn hy spe¬ 
cial inducements from oilier States and other 
countries. Our correspondents very proper¬ 
ly suggest, as aids to agricultural advance¬ 
ment, the dissemination of agricultural news¬ 
papers and books, the increase of schools, 
workshops, grist and saw-mills, manufacto¬ 
ries, and railroad facilities.” 
Conclusion. 
A new era is dawning; a new system of 
agriculture will develop capabilities of which 
the ifiouth has not as yet conceived. The 
elements of growth are wonderfully bal¬ 
anced ; the sun, the source of growth, is 
munificent in liis gifts ; the rainfall is abun¬ 
dant, thirty to forty inches on the mountain 
slopes, fifty on the plains below, and fifty- 
five to sixty in the Mississippi valley and on 
the gulf coast; the soils include everything 
from the granite to the alluvial, and the 
mountain system contributes from the bowels 
of the earth marvelous wealth of mineral 
ingredients in tho waters. The range of 
elevation, from the sea to the mountain sum¬ 
mit a mile in height, and a range of fourteen 
degrees of latitude, fit this section for a 
variety of production, destined to make it 
one of the richest portions of the world, 
capable of supporting a population far 
greater than the present number of the in¬ 
habitants of tho Western Continent. 
Washington, D. C., Jtui., 1869. 
-- 
FARM DISCUSSIONS. 
[Continued from page 80, last number.] 
In the afternoon Prof. Brewer delivered 
a lecture on 
The Constitution of Old Meadows and Pas¬ 
tures. 
He said that we can have no agriculture 
without animals, and no animals without 
pastures. We could not compete with the 
West in the raising of grain, but we could 
in grass; our grasses were sweeter and bet¬ 
ter than the West could ever have. The 
amount of rain is greater in the East than 
in the West, and it is more evenly distrib- 
ago; it was laid on the table of the room 
when the Board met, for inspection during 
its meetings, and on Thursday, the last day 
of the session, it was roasted and served up 
attha Sterling House. It was not as good 
as fresldy killed mutton, and meat preserved 
in that way will probably never find its way 
to the tables of rich and fastidious epicures, 
but every one was surprised to find how 
much better it was than they had expected 
to find it. It really was very fair roast mut¬ 
ton that would be acceptable at any time to 
a hungry man. It, will of course be sold at 
a lower price than freshly killed mutton or 
beef, and will thus increase the comforts of 
the households of he poor. Texas cattle 
are sold on tliair native pastures for eight 
dollars a head, weighing from ten to twelve 
hundred pounds. If they were killed there 
by Prof. Gamgee’s process, they would af¬ 
ford a splendid profit if the roasting pieces 
were retailed in New York at teu cents a 
pound. 
It. should he borne in mind that although 
the. meat killed hy this process is not subject 
to putrefaction, yet, it can aud docs absorb 
odors from without. If it were kept in pure 
sweet air after being killed, and away from 
all noxious effluvias it would doubtless taste 
much better than this did, which had been 
kept for three clays in an unventilated room, 
where a crowded assembly was sitting and 
had been absorbing their breaths and the ex¬ 
halation of their bodies. 
Silk Culture iu California, —Tho California 
papers continue to publish reports of the pro¬ 
gress of this industry iu that State, and of its 
steady and healthy growth. One says, “There 
can be no question but that. It will bo a profita¬ 
ble business as both eggs and tycoons will llnd a 
marlcot abroad at very fair remunerative prices.” 
S'bccp ^jusbattbrij. 
n? sy 
H. 8. RANDALL, LL. D., EDITOR, 
Or Cortland Village, Cortland Countv, New York. 
SECRETARY M’CULLOCH ON RECI¬ 
PROCITY. 
Tots wool-growers of the country, as well 
uted through the growing months and this as agricultural producers generally, will be 
is the cause of tho superiority of our pas- gratified to learn that the Secretary of the aad did D0( Wltmun tho destruction of sheep 
I do not perceive that I can add force to what 
they state by any expression of tny views, unless 
it is to add that in my judgment questions touch¬ 
ing the rates of duty on merchandise Imported 
Into the United States should bo most deter¬ 
minedly excluded from treaties negotiated with 
foreign nations. 
I uni, very respectfully, H. McCulloch, 
Secretary of tho Treasury. 
To ITon. WILHAM H. Seward, Secretary of State , 
WtVskinyton, D. C. 
* The words "and Wool Growers” are obviously 
hove accidentally entitled. 
-4~*-+---- 
WOOL GROWERS’ ASSOCIATIONS. 
Vt. State Ah'■ and Wool Grower®* Society. 
Tiiib Society has recently held its annual 
meeting and chosen officers for tho year ensu¬ 
ing. Resolutions were passed opposing the 
restoration of a Reciprocity Treaty with Can¬ 
ada. It is believed that, the markets of our 
own country should be scoured to our own 
industry, in preference to all foreigners, who 
bear none of our burdens, and are not enti¬ 
tled to sell their products free of taxation, to 
the exclusion of our own, which arc heavily 
taxed. 
The new President, lion. IIenry Keyes 
of Newbury, is one of tho largest farmers 
in Vermont, as well as being President of 
the Posaumpsic R. R The following is a 
complete list of officers: 
President — Henry Keyes, Newbury. 
/’resident#—Henry G. Root, Bennington; IL S. 
Morse, Fltelhurne; Wm. H.Sanford, Orwell;mid 
Crosby Miller, Pom fret. 2V<y«nm'~Jos. 'V, Col- 
buru, Springfield. Sccrclarn- Henry Clark, Rut¬ 
land. Direi'tors- -Edwin Huuunoud, Mlddlebury; 
Elijah Cleveland, Coventry; George Campbell, 
Westminster; Henry Hayward, Rutland; John 
Gregory, Northfleld; N. II. Salford, Hartford; 
H. B. Kent, Dorset; Lawrence Bmiuard, Jr., St. 
Alba®*; David GoodelJ, Brattioborn; Edwin 8. 
StowoD, Cornwall; Jos. A. Shodd, Burlington; 
Henry Chase, Lyndon; George A. Merrill, Rut¬ 
land; C. Horace Hubbard,Springfield; S. G. Hol¬ 
yoke, St. Allmns; surd L. S. Drew, Burlington.— 
2V. E. Homestead. 
Ohio State Wool Growers’ Association. 
By some annoying mischance, we did not 
receive, or overlooked, the number of the 
Ohio Farmer containing the official proceed¬ 
ings of this Association. We clip the fol¬ 
lowing very brief summary from the Prairie 
Farmer: 
The Ohio Wool Grower’s Association, last 
week, adopted a resolution expressing tho opin¬ 
ion that the present depressed condit ion of tho 
wool interest was tho result of temporary causes, 
medium wools grown upon our own son, 
unci thus the American clothing-wool manu¬ 
facturers and wool-growers are able to per¬ 
form their part, in one of tho first, duties of a 
nation, that of doth in g its own people. Iu 
the class of goods referred to t here is no need 
whatever of foreign supply, and none would 
bo sought, abroad if there wero among us 
that national sentiment in favor of home 
production which prevails among tho na¬ 
tions of Europe. Notwithstanding the free¬ 
dom of exchange among European nations, 
the national sentiment is found to be tho 
most efficient, encouragement Of domestic 
production. The lustrous German cloths so 
freely sold here find no sale in England. 
The Loudon tailors who visited the Expo¬ 
sition reported that there was nothing on 
exhibition which would compare with the 
cloths of England. 
_' 
iv.:; 
I liv'.' 
| Sri * * 
h 
tures,—they owe their succulence and sweet¬ 
ness to the waters which they receive from 
the clouds. A true turf is never found ex¬ 
cept in temperate climates; there is no sod 
in the arid regions of the South, or in the 
cold zones of the North. The only excep¬ 
tion to tills is the Kangaroo grass of Austra¬ 
lia. The original meaning of the word A/p 
is upland pusture, and some of the finest 
pastures in t he work I are found in Switzer¬ 
land, where it rains almost every day. Pas¬ 
tures change with age. When land is cleared 
up certain grasses spring up spontaneously; 
if the land is poor, poor grasses will show 
themselves; if rich, the more valuable kinds 
will appear; if sheep are put upon it, it will 
gradually grow richer, and more grasses, 
and of better quality, will fill the vacant 
spaces, a turf makes its appearance, and the 
chemical texture of the land changes. If, 
instead of waiting for the spontaneous growth 
to cover the land, wc sow a variety of seed, 
the same changes occur; but if we do not 
feed it with manure, the. vacant spaces en¬ 
large ami the better grasses die out. 
The evening session was devoted to the 
discussion of 
Keeilins Stock—Green and Dry Fodder. 
Mr. Collins said that he had steamed the 
food for his cattle for many years. At first 
he used wooden tanks, but the 6team cut out 
the wood so fast, especially those places 
where a nail or a bolt went through, that lie 
got tired of them and substituted oil casks 
which had no nails, but these only lasted 
Treasury is opposed to the renewal of the 
former Reciprocity Treaty, or to the making 
of any similar treaty with Canada. This is 
distinctly implied by his letter below, ad¬ 
dressed to Mr. Bewahd on receiving from 
him the resolutions of the National Wool 
Manufacturers’ and Growers' Associations, 
forwarded by us to tbe Secretary of State. 
And we cannot help thinking that the 
Secretary of State would not have forwarded 
us Mr. McCulloch's reply—which, as we 
understand it, neither official form nor 
personal courtesy required him to do—had 
he purposed negotiating a treaty in the face 
of the objections therein expressed by the 
financial officer of tlie Government. Hence 
we conclude Reciprocity is at rest for the re¬ 
mainder of t he present administration. 
We may possibly be mistaken in this last 
view. At all events, we counsel no cessation 
of hostilities, when any public or private oc¬ 
casion offers an opportunity to strike a blow 
at Reciprocity. We cannot be too cautious 
or too vigilant. 
At the same time that copies of the Grow¬ 
ers’ and Manufacturers’ resolutions were for¬ 
warded to Mr. Seward, they were also 
forwarded to every member of the United 
States Senate and House of Representatives. 
Mr. Scwni'6 to Mr. Randall. 
Department of State, I 
Washington, Jan. 18, ’69. f 
Henry S. Randall, Esquire, 
Cortland Village, New York: 
Sir:— I thank you for your communication 
of tho 7th iustant. I shttll bring it to the atten- 
thut is prevailing tu some sections. A resolution 
was also adopted against the admission of on- 
taxed wool from other countries. Tin; following 
officers for the ensuing year were electedPresi¬ 
dent— J. C. Steduens of Hardin county. Vfce- 
Prorfdcn/- A. C. Welch of Richland. Sene tarn 
J. B. Jameson, of Harrison county. Tn /Mirer— 
Col. S. D. Harris of Cuyahoga county. Mrcc- 
tors — It- U- Donnelly of Wayne; j. Bal k Alexan¬ 
der of Summit, and J. H. Branch of Clermont. 
-- 
FOREIGN AND DOMESTIC WOOLENS 
Aud Their Comparative qualities. 
We cut the following from U. S. Commis¬ 
sioner M udge'b Report upon “Wool and 
Manufacturers of Wool:” 
“ It will be convenient in tlm connection 
to make a more minute comparison of our 
fabrics with those of European nutimm, hav¬ 
ing particularly in view our fabrics as they 
are known to be produced here. Wc can¬ 
not be said to occupy a national position in 
the woolen manufacture except in card or 
clothing wool fabrics, our success in other 
departments being exceptional. Our work 
has been in tbe direction demanded by the 
“To specify more minutely the coraparu- 1 
tive qualities of American goodsIn the * 
whole range of fancy casBUUOiros, including ’ 
the mixed goods of silks and wool, in style, 1 
taste, perfection of manufacture and strength 1 
of material, we excel the English, and nearly 1 
approach tbe manufactures of France. The i 
same may be saiii of the whole range of 
flannels, colored and plaiu, and of the Esqui¬ 
maux and Moscow heavers, which we have 1 
imitated from the Germans. In the low cost 
pilots, used as substitutes for the beavers, 
rightly to the buyer but trashy in wear, it. 
must ho admitted that we can hold no com¬ 
parison with tho English. In all the grades 
of woolen shawls which can be fabricated of 
American wool we successfully vie in fabric 
and cheapness of price with tho Scotch, who 
are confessedly at the head of this branch of 
manufacture. In the class of all-wool goods 
of light weight, made in all varieties of 
colors, denominated sackings and cloakings, 
and largely sold for women’s wear, tho fab¬ 
rics are now sold in this country, at prices 
reduced to a gold standard, cheaper tlian any 
similar fabrics are sold in Europe. Goods of 
this character, displayed in the American 
quarter of the Exposition, and marked at 
their net gold prices, attracted great atten¬ 
tion for their cheapness, and constant appli¬ 
cations were made for tholr purchase. 
In some other branches of the woolen in¬ 
dustry, besides that of card-wool, especially 
those where wc have equal facilities with 
the European manufacturer in obtaining 
raw material, our productions bear a favora¬ 
ble comparison. American carpets are fully 
equal, if not superior, to the English carpets 
of similar grades. In the American Brussels 
and tapestry carpets there is no inferiority 
in designs, colors, or texture. In fuff they 
arc woven here and in England by the same 
machinery. The Americau retail purchaser 
is compelled to pay a higher price for a for¬ 
eign carpet of tlm same grade ; that is, he can 
purchase a better American carpet at the price 
of the foreign article. The American in¬ 
grain car pet, which is much more largely con¬ 
sumed, is unquestionably superior to the 
English. This is evinced by the fact that 
the yarns used iu English carpets tiro not 
sufficiently strong to admit of their being 
woven in power looms, as is done in this 
country. There is a prevailing prejudice 
against American dyes in carpets as well as 
in other fabrics. No prejudice could be 
more unfounded. Tho same chemical agents 
and tho same processes are used here as 
abroad. We have in our establishments Lite 
best dyers that tho better prices of labor paid 
■ hero can seduce from Europe. One manu¬ 
facturer of opera flannels exhibits patterns 
: of eighty different hues on one card. In the 
The accompanying illustration is intended 
to represent the floor or bottom of my bee- 
house or combined Lives. The sides sur¬ 
rounding' tho main hive are made of double 
thickness with an inch of dead air space 
between, so as to give more uniform protec¬ 
tion from heat or cold. Each apartment 
being adjacent to two others, the occupants 
are mutually benefited thereby. '1 wo or 
throe of the holes In each honey cover are 
provided with wire cloth in winter, aud the 
main cover is filled with buckwheat chaff, 
put through a hole in the top provided with 
a tin slide cover, and thus the moisture of 
the bees is absorbed without loss of heat. 
The entrance* for winter are constructed so 
as to allow of free passage of air or bees and 
yet shut out the light, which as oftwu lures 
the hues to come out and perish on the tmow. 
Although 1 have wintered many colonies 
for several years without loss of a colony in 
the movable comb hives of single thickness, 
yet now in tnid-w inter the dead bees in these 
of double thickness are so much more scarce 
that my favor for them is decided. Tho 
cover is provided with lock and key, tho 
foundation is made strong and permanent. 
The bees must bo carried to the liivo and put 
iu, and will swarm from them in the proper 
season. There should be a diversity of col¬ 
ors, if many are used, that each bee may he 
sure of its own home. My ton houses of this 
description, five red and five whim, cost me 
over ten dollars each, and do not seem liable 
to wear out. A. D. Griswold. 
Southport, N. Y., i860. 
prime necessities of our people and the pecu- present state of the art of tincture in Europe 
liar character induced hy the nature of our and this country bad dyeing results not from 
raw material. Our peculiarly national wool want of skill, but the intentional use of 
manufacture is comprised in the product ion cheap materials, and the risk of getting 
of all the varieties of card-wool tissues from evanescent dyes is much greater in pnrohas- 
HanneL inclusive to the finest-faced broad- Ing cheap imported goods than in Inlying 
cloths, which are only exceptionally included, the products of well known American man- 
Within this range, comprising plain, fancy, uiaeturers, who only use inferior dyes when 
domet, and opera flannels, blankets, woolen purchasers insist upon cheaper goods.” 
THE EXODUS OF BEES. 
Writing concerning the exodus of honey 
bees from near Louisville, Ky., a correspond¬ 
ent of the Country Gentleman, from Shelby 
Co., Ky., says—“It is ono of tho strangest 
things that ever occurred in this country," and 
gives the following statement of the con¬ 
dition and working of the bees the last 
eighteen months; 
“ In the spring of 1867, the bees all came 
out in good strong condition. 1 never knew 
such an increase as they made timing May 
and June. There was a great white clover 
bloom at the same time, which is the princi¬ 
pal source from which the bee obtains honey 
with us. The yield of honey in 1807 was as 
great as the increase of the bees. They 
entered the winter rich in stores, and came 
out in the spring of 1808 in good order, but 
during the month of May we had an unusual 
rainy time, lasting near three weeks; during 
tliis spell more bees died than did in tho 
winter. There did not a single swarm come 
out this spring in my county, that I liavo 
heard of, and to-day I don’t suppose there is 
a swarm of bees alive in twenty miles of this 
place, and perhaps not in the State. I learn 
they are dying hi Indiana and Illinois, but 
not by such wholesale as here. The greatest 
mystery of all is that they almost invariably 
leave honey in the hive, often as much as 
fifty pounds. A gentleman told me last 
week that ho lost ninety stands, and that lie 
had taken over 3,000 pounds of honey from 
the hives after the bees had died, or rather 
left them, as very few bees are seen about 
the hive. Will you or some of your readers 
solve this mystery ?” 
-*-*_*- 
In Wisconsin many bees have been killed by 
frost;—one correspondent says all are dead in 
his locality, so far as heard from. 
ISre 
