tlaim ijusbanirrn. 
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X. A. WILLARD, A. M., EDITOR, 
Of Littlk Falls, Herkimkp. County, Nkw York. 
THE CANADIAN DAIRYMENS’ 
ASSOCIATION. 
Lartc Attendance «1‘ futiiidinti Farmers 
and Others—the I’ri'sidtMit’s Address. 
Tiie Convention of Canadian Dairymen at 
Ingeraoll, Province of Ontario, February 3d 
and 4th, was regarded as the most, successful 
meeting of tin* kind ever held in Canada. 
Some four or five hundred persons were in 
attendance during the sessions, and great in¬ 
terest was manifested in the discussions 
from the opening to the close of the con¬ 
vention. The opening address, of C. E. 
Ciiadwick, Esq., of Ingeraoll, President of 
the Association, was very able, and gave in 
review the origin 'and present condition of 
the dairy interest in Canada. lie said the 
business of cheese making since the intro¬ 
duction of the factory system in Canada had 
rapidly assumed very large proportions. 
Yet he looked for a very large increase in 
the future. He did not sec why Canadians 
could not successfully compete with dairy¬ 
men either of the United States or Great 
Britain, both as to quality and price in dairy 
products. He thought Canadians hud a de¬ 
cided advantage in many respects over the 
dairymen of the States, and urged that the 
highest skill in manufacturing should be 
obtained to effect the desired object. But 
this rivalry he hoped would be of that hon¬ 
orable description which shall exhibit an 
earnest desire on the part of every dairy¬ 
man to co-operate, without Jealousy or envy, 
in promoting and developing this most, im¬ 
portant interest. Much may be learned from 
both nations; and the most efficacious way 
of disseminating knowledge will be by pro¬ 
moting and encouraging assemblies like the 
present. 
Canadians an* apt scholars, ready to utilize 
and adapt to their own individual benefit 
the various improvements suggested by the 
wisdom and progressive spirit of the. age. 
Their adoption and development of the 
dairy interest abundantly proves this assump¬ 
tion. The danger heretofore, he thought, 
had been that its development would be too 
rapid and that, cheese factories would spring 
up “ too thick” to thrive. This evil should 
be avoided, as it will be found in order to 
make the business profitable sufficient terri¬ 
tory must he allowed to each factory. 
Notwithstanding a less quantity of cheese 
has been made in Canada the, past year 
than in 18117, the dairy business on the 
whole has been profitable. Sales have been 
(‘Heeled much earlier and at more regular 
intervals during the manufacturing season. 
He urged the establishment of a cheese mar¬ 
ket in Canada similar to the country mar¬ 
kets in Herkimer Co,, N. V., believing it 
might be made profitable and convenient to 
the buyer and seller. He thought great, 
mistakes are often made by dairymen in 
holding cheese too tenaciously and refusing 
to sell only at prices beyond the reach of 
buyers. Competition among buyers has now 
reached that point that no great advantage 
can he taken over any intelligent dairyman 
who consults the public press as to the state 
and condition of the markets. 
We have no space to give a furlher synop¬ 
sis of Mr. Ch adwick’s remarks, which were 
listened to with great attention, hut may say 
here that his suggestions throughout were 
eminently practical. 
The Bent Ylcilmd of ('online; Milk Before 
('llroue 1* Alu<le Therefrom. 
This was the first topic taken up for dis¬ 
cussion. Mr. Farrington, who was the 
first speaker, gave an elaborate review of 
the discussions on this subject at the recent 
meeting of the American Dairymens’ Con¬ 
vention, referring to the various cooling ap¬ 
paratus on exhibition. He said, from long 
experience as a manufacturer of cheese, he 
Avas well satisfied that, milk should be cooled 
as soon as drawn from the cow; and not 
only cooled, hut divested of its animal odor. 
After seeing the various apparatus for cool¬ 
ing milk, a very simple and effectual method 
had suggested itself. He would suspend a 
pail of ice in the can during milking. The 
pail should he suspended by a eonl passing 
over a pulley, w ith a weight on one end of 
the cord. When the milk was to he emptied 
into the can the pail of ice is to be drawn up 
out of the can, and as soon us the milk is de¬ 
posited the ice pail is lowered again into the 
can. He had made a calculation of the 
amount of ice required to effectually cool 
the milk of thirty cows for the season, and 
it amounted to only six tons. 
The question of cooling milk was dis¬ 
cussed by Messrs. Ra vmek, Clark, Cal- 
i.ett, Coiioe and others, but nothing new 
Avas elicited. 
TIh> Smallest Cheese Maker In Canada, 
Mr. C a i,LETT of Toronto, said that many 
persons present could boast of being en¬ 
gaged extensively in dairy manufacture. He 
could not claim to belong to this class of 
manufacturers. He had kept a record of the 
quantity of milk used, the quantity of curd 
produced aiul the weight of cured cheese. 
Every part of the process of manufacture 
had been carefully noted; and although the 
size of the cheeses made would not compare 
with the general run of cheese in factories of 
Canada, he believed he could show as large 
a product from the quantity of milk used 
as any maufaelurer present. The cheeses 
which he had been manufacturing the past 
season weighed, as they came from the press, 
two ounce* each. The shrinkage during the 
process of curing was about a quarter of an 
ounce on each cheese. He contended that 
hv I he aid of chemistry he was able to pre¬ 
vent the decomposition of milk, (in hot 
weather,) without cooling it. He referred 
to a cheese manufacturer present who had 
used a liquid preparation by which the milk 
was kept sweet and in good order during a 
space of twenty-four hours in very hot 
weather. 
Ice Houses. 
Mr. Clark of the Ontario Farmer said 
that, many defer building an ice house till 
summer, but the merest shanty will answer, 
(with a layer of sawdust around and over 
the ice,) which can he built as easily in win¬ 
ter as summer. Mr. Logy and others stated 
they had erected ice bouses on this plan, 
merely laying long slabs as flooring in an in¬ 
clined position for the purpose of facilitating 
drainage. Upon thesp slabs saw-dust, was 
laid about, two inches deep, and then on this 
pack the ice, which was covered over with 
saw-dust as above described, &e., &c., and 
the ice kept well. 
Malting (dir-rse once n liny. 
The usual practice in Canada among the 
factories is to make up the milk into cheese 
morning and evening. During the past sea¬ 
son a few factories here tried the “ once a 
day” system, and found it. to work success¬ 
fully where proper care is taken with the 
milk. The question was discussed at con¬ 
siderable length, and the conclusion drawn 
that better cheese results from making once 
a day, and hence this plan was strongly rec 
ommeuded for adoption in Canadian facto¬ 
ries. 
Ainimil AddrcMg, Ac. 
The evening session of the first, day was 
mostly taken up in the delivery of the an¬ 
nual address, at the conclusion of which 
E. V. Bod well, Esq., M. P., said lie was 
much gratified with the address, and par¬ 
ticularly with the spanker's opening remarks 
where he had said there should he no North, 
no South, no East, no West, no United 
States and no Canada, in cheese matters.* 
Everyone present could most heartily en¬ 
dorse this sentiment. Although we have 
not yet obtained a reciprocity treaty in com¬ 
mercial matters between the two countries, 
i 
yet it was impossible to deny us reciprocity 
of feeling and sentiment, such as had been 
exhibited here this evening. No one could 
have listened without profit, to the able ad¬ 
dress vve have just heard. His mind and 
intellect must, lie improved, and he was sure 
all who heard it, would respond heartily to 
the proposition he had to make, lie begged 
to move that the cordial thanks of this Con¬ 
vention are hereby tendered to X. A. Wil¬ 
lard, Esq., of the Rural New-Yorker, for 
his able address. 
The Rev. W, F. Clarke of the Ontario 
Farmer, said he had risen to second the res¬ 
olution, but as that had already been done 
voluntarily, he would urge what he had to 
say in support of It. He most heartily con¬ 
curred in the remarks of the last speaker, in 
regard to reciprocity. He was much pleased 
With the lecture to which we had listened. 
He was pleased with the recognition of 
the presence of a Divine Providence in 
all the improvements which were made 
in our pursuits. There is a growing 
feeling among young people, and old 
ones encourage them in it, that agricul¬ 
tural pursuits and the mechanical arts are 
not of so elevated a cast, in the scale of so¬ 
ciety as are the professions. But farming is 
a profession as high and elevating as any 
other, and requires as much intelligence to 
carry it on successfully. The farmer who 
will not read, think, and learn, and is afraid 
to test any of the new inventions which are 
being brought to light, is poor, and will re¬ 
main so. lie was very glad tips question 
was occupying the minds of the agricultural 
community, and it would go far to make him 
begin to believe the sentiment that God 
made the country and the devil made the 
towns. Towns and cities, he thought, might 
be improved by going back to the old style, 
and walling in enough land to support the 
citizens m time of siege. He was glad to 
hear the suggestions as to the establishment 
of Agricultural Schools and Colleges. This 
is a leaf from American economy, which it 
will he well for us to take notice of, and the 
time lias come for us to make a move in this 
direction. We must do it if we are to keep 
our young men on the farm. ITe thought 
that in the dairy business avc were falling 
into a mistake which it would be well to 
guard against; this was the danger of get¬ 
ting too many factories in certain sections. 
Cheese factories resemble the business of an 
editor. If there were not enough cows in 
the neighborhood for the proper support of 
the capacity of the factory, the business 
could not he carried on satisfactorily or with 
profit. Of course there is a limit, but the 
evidence avo have, had to-night, from the 
learned lecturer is that the business is profit¬ 
able. But, if you overdo the business you of 
necessity bring the profits down. 1 lc would 
congratulate the dairymen upon the success 
of the present Convention, and more par¬ 
ticularly on the presence of the ladies. 
We who have been to the States have 
seen women engaged in various light, agri¬ 
cultural pursuits, such as driving the reaper, 
etc. Farmers used to consider the product 
of the dairy the especial perquisites of the 
Avomen of the farm. If was a hard lot if a 
woman after marriage could not have a 
purse of her own. And, in t.lic new system 
of the dairy business, he would like to know 
If there was such a provision made for the 
ladies, and that they received the compensa¬ 
tion they deserved. He heartily joined in 
seconding the resolution. 
Mr. Weld of the Farmers’ Advocate also 
joined in the support of the resolution, which 
was carried with applause. 
Other Tonics. 
During the second day’s session consider¬ 
able time was occupied in a warm discussion 
in regard to changing the Constitution so 
that members could vote by proxy In regard 
to fixing the place for the next annual Con¬ 
vention. Members from Toronto and Belle¬ 
ville were in favor of holding the, next 
meeting of the Association further east, 
either at Toronto or Belleville. On this 
question Mr. Graham, M. P., said we had 
all come here for the advancement of the 
interests of the Association. He hoped to 
see the time when they avo aid not he local 
but a benefit to the entire Province. There 
was a growing animosity between the east¬ 
ern and western sections. This had been 
observable in the Legislature of the Prov¬ 
ince. In cheese matters we must he united 
to produce a good article. In a few years 
American cheese had risen in price t wenty 
per cent, in England, and this advance had 
been obtained by efforts put forth in a right 
direction. This enterprise is of such impor¬ 
tance that we should have a representative 
abroad to watch the market, and keep us 
properly informed. There is every reason 
why \vc should be able to undersell our 
American neighbors. Our land and every¬ 
thing here is cheaper. This Association 
should not, he cramped for funds. Every 
person interested should be a member and 
have a voice. lie would not recommend 
the next place of meeting further cast than 
Toronto. If die const itution is not amended 
the eastern section of the Province will be 
compelled lo organize another Association. 
Mr Bod we i. l made a very forcible speech 
in reply lo Mr Graham. lie was decidedly 
opposed tn the system ol voting by proxy. 
It. might increase our funds, hut t hat was not 
our lirst. object. We met together to obtain 
information, and the attendance would not 
be increased if such a system was adopted. 
The question was discussed by Messrs. 
Farrington Phelan, Gardner, Hamil¬ 
ton, Harris, Moore, Noxon and others. 
Mr. Noxon said that much could he said in 
favor of change of place tor the next, Con¬ 
vention. Oxford was the first county to 
establish a factory, and had nurtured this 
Association, and they were not prepared to 
let, it go to a distance until it, had gained 
more stability. The benefits of the Con¬ 
vention would be of more advantage if left 
where it is, or else take, it to Belleville. But 
he thought Toronto would not give the sup¬ 
port required. This Association is a sort of 
college, and to get. the full benefits of the Con¬ 
vention personal attendance was necessary, 
to get, the valuable information here dissem¬ 
inated. He would not say that these views 
were riot a little selfish, but he thought the 
arguments on 1 ho other side equally so. 
A vote being taken on the question it was 
decided to hold the next Annual Conven¬ 
tion at Ingeraoll, with a tacit understanding 
that the meeting after that should be at 
Belleville. 
In the afternoon several questions were 
dismissed, the leading one of which was the 
use of annotto for coloring cheese, Quite a 
number were in favor of abandoning the use 
of color altogether, while others believed 
that dairymen must furnish what the markets 
required, and that for the present, at, least., 
it would be unwise for dairymen to dictate 
in this matter. 
We have no space to report in full the dis¬ 
cussions at this very interesting meeting of 
Canadian dairymen, and can only refer 
briefly to some of the leading features. The 
Convention was regarded a« a decided suc¬ 
cess, and great enthusiasm prevailed through¬ 
out the entire session, occupying two days. 
The following comprise the hoard of ofli- 
eers for the ensuing year: 
/‘resident —C. E. Chadwick, Esq., of Intrcrsoll; 
First Vice-President K. Graham, Esq., of Belle¬ 
ville. Sec-owl Vke-Prmtmt. — George Hamilton, 
Esq. Secretory and Treasurer— James Noxon, 
Esq., of Ingersoli. 
In closing we may remark that the cheese 
product of Canada has been sold, and is noxv 
generally out of the hands of producers. The 
average price received by the factories for 
the season will not. vary much from ten 
cents, gold, per pound. The winter has 
been quite open in Canada West, with very 
little snow. On the evening of February 3d 
there was a light fall of snow, just enough to 
make good sleighing—many of the farmers 
however, living ten or a dozen miles nut of 
Ingeraoll came it]) to town during the Con¬ 
vention in wagons. 
|lic Apiarian. 
TRANSFERRING COMBS. 
UY M. QUIMBY. 
Will It, pay to transfer combs from the 
box to the movable comb hive? If the man 
who causes two blades of grass to grow 
where there was only one before, is a, public, 
beucluctor, is he not equally so who causes 
t wo pounds of honey to be collected where 
there was previously but one? There are 
some who are still in their spelling lessons 
in bee culture who may need convincing that 
movable combs will do anything towards this 
result. Yet, if such will understand the 
natural habits and instincts of the bee, so as 
to take advantage of them, they must go 
inside the family circle and make their 
acquaintance at, homo. 
With tlie common box-hive, the interior 
is a dark subject, and when one of them is 
queenless, or haa a barren queen, it; is gener¬ 
ally past remedy before it is known or can he 
known. But with the movable comb luve 
any one, or all the combs, can be examined 
frequently, and anything wrong removed or 
remedied at once. If you wish to make an 
artificial swarm, you cannot only do it, hut 
do it with less trouble than in the other, and 
can ascertain by the condition ol the stock 
whether it should spare the swarm. You 
cam assist a, weak one with the strength of 
another that, would he also benefited by the 
deprivation. And should you want to con¬ 
vert the hive into a practical non-sum rmor, or 
even one that, the bees will not, leave for the 
wduds, this is the only one w ilh which it can 
be reliably done. These advantages, with 
many others, often prevent entire loss of col¬ 
onies, and combined, add even three, instead 
of the one pound. 
But will it pay to transfer the combs to the 
movable frames, instead of wailing for the 
bees to build them there. ? Yes. By trans¬ 
ferring you always have, or may have, 
straight combs, which is a great convenience 
in handling; and you may have all worker 
comb by rejecting every piece with drone 
cells. A colony without. droiTe combs or 
cells cannot- raise drones — a fact well estab¬ 
lished. It takes as nuieli labor, and perhaps 
more food, to rear a drone than a worker; 
and, when mature, the worker is a useful 
member of the community, and will mid lo 
Its wealth; but the drone is only a consumer 
of the family stores. Take '10,000, or say 
30,000, — a number that we cannot often 
avoid hatching hi our box-hives, - and the 
little that each one will consume will, in the 
aggregate, amount to several times the extra 
pounds to each hive. Having satisfied very 
many that, it will pay to transfer, I will now 
proceed to say 
How lo Do It. 
Make choice of the best movable comb 
hive, whether patent or otherwise. Select 
a colony with combs not less than a, year 
old, nor over three. April is the best lime. 
Should the frames he ten inches deep, get. 
strips one-fourth by one-half inch square and 
ten and one half inches in length, — shingles 
or other thin stuff will answer; cut or saw a 
notch one fourth inch from each end; tie on 
one end a loop of twine long enough to 
reach over the end of the opposite one, or 
very fine wire nifty be used instead,— it, will 
he quicker put on,— lay a. number of these 
on a board with channels deep enough to 
hold them and make an even surface. When 
all this is ready you can go about, the re¬ 
maining part, as calmly as to plant, a lull of 
potatoes. Blow a little smoke into the hive 
that is to be operated upon, and bring it to 
some comfortably warm room, and if you 
still insist on being afraid of stings, when 
there is really no danger, or very much less 
than in hiving a swarm, perhaps it would he 
well to use a veil lill confidence in these 
statements is established. You may turn 
the hive bottom up, set. over an empty hive 
or box, and drive out the bees. A few may 
remain on the combs. 
Now, with a broad, thin-bladed knife, cut 
loose all the combs attached to one side of 
the hive—just what a bold man would do 
without driving out the bees or putting on a 
veil- With a thin saw cut off the cross sticks 
close to the side, and w ith a heavy chisel pry 
it off. When the first comb is loosened with 
a thin knife lift it out, and lay it on the board 
described. The frame to receive it is laid on, 
and the right, size marked and trimmed off 
The pieces trimmed off will fill out, any va¬ 
cant places. Now place sticks on the tipper 
side to match those beneath, and fasten the 
ends together with the twine or wire, as 
mentioned. Then raise the board to a ver- 
lieal position, when the sticks each side will 
he sufficient to steady the comb ; and it may 
he put in place in the now hive. If any 
brood is found, it, must occupy the same rel¬ 
ative position m the new hive as in the old. 
W hen all the comba are arranged, and m 
place, set over another hive, isum: size, with¬ 
out, bottom, or top, or frames, and shake the 
bees into if, directly on the frames t hat con¬ 
tain the combs; they immediately pass down, 
especially if smoked, and disturbed a little 
with the feather end of a quill. Should any 
have collected on the window, brush them 
into a box or square tin, and empty into the 
hive. As soon as they go down, pul on tho 
lid, and if there is no honey leaking or ex¬ 
posed the hive may be closed, and set on its 
old stand. After a few hours the entrance 
may he opened, and the bees w ill resume 
labor as usual. They will fasten t he combs 
I irmly in a few days after getting honey, 
when the sticks may be removed. 
^ontfstic {lanumm 
CONDUCTED UY MARY A. E. WAGE it. 
GLEANINGS FROM LETTERS. 
The readiness and promptness with which 
our readers respond to inquiries, is very 
pleasant to us and gratifying to those in 
need of information. Mutual help is the 
source of much happiness, and a word of 
cheer and encouragement is the inspiration 
that oftentimes produces the best, results. 
“ Perky ” excited considerable sympathy m 
regard to 
Ifor n Scrap Book.—A young lady from 
Ghntauqiui Gy., gives a simple recipe: —“'take 
the host, of laundry starch in a clean dish, wet it 
with sntlieietit. cold, soft, water to permit its b 
tug stirred smoothly. Pour on hoc. my wafor, 
slowly stirring until theBtaroh is -tear amt Jelly- 
like. Heady for use ns soon as cool. For many 
uhi's, preferable to u miusll"go «>r g mi Arabic.” 
Six' also seuds the follow•pig roci;> • for 
Hunt Honp, which she says is “much liked, 
cheap and easily prepared.*’ Take six pounds 
of ml-soda, six pounds of clem g' - ■ tso, and 
throe pounds of quick lime. Thoroughly ini': 
t lie soda ami lime In four gal hr. in of .vator, pour 
off from tim sediment, put hi tho gr.«’ ! o and 
boil it for twenty minutes; and before entirely 
cold cut. ii in bunt. We shall bo glad to hear 
from (\ o. again. 
Iiidi. “ An Anxious Inquirer” wants to know 
what, will pmcKitt. children Irani <■ >: -himj tho 
itch, adding that, aueti Information would bo 
than I: fully received by tho- i who remt their 
children to public schools. Cm nny {HI ? 
Filling Kerosene Lumps.—Our esteemed cor- 
respondont, L. D. Snook, exhibits a doe!Je t 
penrtmid- for doing all he can to alleviate the 
rigors of woman’s work, and must be brim full 
of Rood sense. Want of space older • i o . to con¬ 
dense in tie ill that Is .-'on!, os. This correspondent, 
thin lot women arc the indirect (?) means of 
causing much suffering, and some'times death, 
b.v failing to till kerosene lamps in Uni dan time. 
lie shows In quite an eloquent maimer tho dan¬ 
ger and positive sin of tampering with combus¬ 
tible Hinds by candle light. Onr readers will do 
well to heed Ills wurniiur. He also sends lm u 
well executed drawing, itlu;,trating the eonveni- 
onee of an 
Ironing Tnhle, with which, wo opine, most laun¬ 
dresses are familiar. It Is a board ton inches 
wide anil four or live feel long, with one*end 
rounded. It 18 for tTOOlnj Kir . a.id dr. ; 
Run the board, wll.h an ironing-,shoot fastened 
about, • i, t) i run ah the shirt,and for support to 
each end a table an I stand will do. Those 
not already accustomed to using such aboard 
will at once ,<<e its “ peculiar fltie -. i,” and have 
one, especially when tho season of calico, mus¬ 
lin and pique hasoome. 
To Hew Hard Cloth.- Tk M, says - “ Jf p 0r . 
sons having hard cloth to sew, either by hand or 
machine, would rub Hie seams well with dry 
hard soap, they would find the trouble at once 
obviated.” Which is true. 
A number of recipes for 
NtfMHonliijt -Sausage—Have been received and 
are so nearly alike that wo select the following 
a ’■ fairly r -presenting' them all: -For one hun¬ 
dred pounds of meal take two pound-, of stilt, 
six ounces of ground popper and two ounces of 
pulverized sago. Mix thoroughly. One corre¬ 
spondent adds one ounce of ginger. Met tod lard 
poured over the top of sausage is effectual in 
keeping the air out. A storm jar h nice l'or 
packing-11 in. 
M. .F. Paul: sends recipe for 
Garins Beef. —For one hundred pounds of 
bei‘1 si:, pounds of salt, eight ounces of salt¬ 
peter, eight ounces of saleratus, two pounds of 
brown sugar and one quart of molasses. 
It. A. Young, Norwich, N. YK, fifty* for ono 
hundred pounds of beef, eight pounds of salt, 
four ounces of ssiluratus, four ounces of salt¬ 
peter and two pounds of sugar. 
-«<•* --- 
Conking Food.—In I)r. Bellows’ new book 
“ How Not. to ho Sick,” hr says:—“In cooking 
meals, lish, potutos, carrots, turnips, or any 
other food, animal prvegotablo, in u steamer in 
which the steam and flavor are all di.-.l died back 
find saved, and compare Hie taste of thorn with 
that of tho Some food cooked bo that r,'l these 
elements are lost, and lie will be astonished at 
the difference in flavor, digestibility and mental 
and physical energy' imparted by It.” And again: 
“Tim outer crust ot* the wheat and the butter¬ 
milk which contain the nitrogen and pin chorus 
and iron, on which strength and or rgy depend, 
is given to the cattle and pigs.wkdw we consume 
the lull ter, line Hour and sugar, which contain 
only the heating and disease-producing carbon¬ 
ates.” 
■- •** - 
Inquiries,— Mary L. Lamb of Iowa asks for a 
recipe for coloring analino. 
Mrs. M. T. Sii '.Fiat, California, asks for a 
recipe for making mushroom catsup; sad how 
to pickle green black walnuts. 
