ART AND ARTISTS 
NAMES AND NUMBERS OF THE 
ORGANS. 
“The Trial of Rod Jacket,” by Stanley, 
whose studio is, we believe, in Detroit, Mich., is 
on exhibition In Now York. Over a hundred 
figures are In tho composition, of which tho 
central one is Red Jacket, defending himself In 
an oratorical manner, while his audience form 
a Bomioircle around him, seated on tho ground. 
Tho scene is a sortof forest opening, or meadow, 
with a number of largo trees, and on tho bank 
of a liver which is being crossed by some In¬ 
dians in a canoe. The various expressions pro¬ 
duced by Red Jacket's speech on the different 
bearers are well depicted, and in costumes, posi¬ 
tions and general appearance, the artist seems to 
have done his work conscientiously. Asa his¬ 
torical painting, it is valuable. It is to be ebro- 
mo-lithographed (by subscription,! in Germany, 
and the price Of the otarouio is placed at thirty 
dollars. 
Lilv M, Spencer, one of the oldest, most in¬ 
dustrious and inventive of American art lata, 
prints of whose pictures urn In half the homes 
in the land, and whose genius ha* enriched the 
coffers of publishers instead of her own, has 
recently put the finishing touches toan allegori¬ 
cal conception, which, ns a painting, may bn 
hailed as tho inauguration of tho ideal in art, of 
which in these days of realism, we have but 
meager glim pres. Her subject, “Truth Unveil¬ 
ing Falsehood," is on canvas six feet by eight, bo 
that, the figures aro life mo. The control figure. 
“Truth," is represented in a female figure of 
great beauty, with a face serene aud as incapable 
of bias as one could fancy. Her whole being is 
shining, and the glory of her characterenvcJopee 
her as a halo. At her left sides sitting at her feet 
and leaning against her, is “Confidence," caress¬ 
ing “ Innocence," asmlllng, happy babe. At the 
right of “Truth" tits •'Jhbciiourj," and as .Mu; 
lifts the filmy veil that, discloses his true nature, 
the crown falls from bis head, the ermine and 
crimson robe is escaping from his shoulders, tho 
pious, sanctimonious mask is dissolving, and 
glimmering through tho mist, the repulsive, 
hideous face of a green, sllmy-coated monster 
grows more and more plain under our.vlsion. 
The fair, white, shapely hand lhat was lying In 
its deceptive beauty on the royal robes, is chang¬ 
ing into dragonisb claws. Out of the devouring 
mouth of tho monster bangs a mutilated ohild, 
“ Innooonoe,' on which “ Falsehood" feeds. At 
his feet crouches " Ignorance,” gaunt, dark, and 
blighting. Tho very gross about, her has with¬ 
ered and died, while on the other side where 
“ Confidence" rests In security, the earth smiles 
in beauty. This pointing will soon be placed on 
exhibition, whea it will receive from the appre¬ 
ciation of art-lovers the praise it so fully merits. 
Mrs. Spencer Is a native of France, but came to 
this country in curly childhood, She drew and 
painted ala very early age, and has been a “ mas¬ 
ter" unto herself. She is the mother ol a large 
family of children. Her studio is noli in nOth- 
iug but her pictures. Her manner* oro pleasing 
and gracious, her dress plain and unassuming, 
and her estimate of her genius, too modest, for 
her own good. She paintB one thing quite ns 
well as another, and her versatility of talent is 
She is a “mother'’ in the Hold of 
No. 24, Individuality, Cubiosity- 
The inquisitive knowledge-gathering dispo¬ 
sition is well represented by an astronomer 
gazing at the stars through a telescope. This 
is a very Indispensable organ in the acquisi¬ 
tion of physical knowledge, or distinctness 
of conception on any scientific subject 
cording to its size, quality, culture, healtn, 
and developments, will there be menta' 
manifestation In a more general sense, the 
whole body may be said to be the instrument 
of thought, feeling, and emotion. We claim 
that, each particular part- of the body 
Heart, Lungs. Blomach. Hands, Feet, Eyes. 
Ears. £o perform separate and special 
functions; so, different pan., ol the Brain 
are allotted to different functions. The fore¬ 
head Is the seat of Intellect - the knowing 
faculties: the lower bank head.of the Affec¬ 
tions; the side head, of the Executive, pro¬ 
pelling, constructive and economical powers, 
the top head of the moral, spiritual and re¬ 
ligious sentiments. And all these are subdi¬ 
vided, os seen in this pictorial bead. To 
read character correctly, therefore, one must 
know something of Anatom v. Physiology 
and Physiognomy- And the more he 
koowB of all these—including Ethnology— 
the more perfectly can he Judge the charac¬ 
ter. motive* and capacities of his fellow 
men their adaptation to this or that pur¬ 
suit, and in what sphere they may be most 
useful, successful and happy. 
No. 25, Form—Gives width between the 
eyes, and enables us to remember the out¬ 
line shapes of things. A child with it large 
can learn the alphabet readier than one hav¬ 
ing it small. 
No. 26, Hizo —Enables us to measure dis¬ 
tances and quantities with the eye, and is 
represented bv two apples Of different sizes. 
No. 2 T, Weight-Adapts man to the 
laws Of gravity, whereby ho judges of the 
weight of things, strength Of materials, and 
to balance himself In walking, or In au ele¬ 
vated position, as is represented In the dia¬ 
gram by a njRD walking the ttgbt-rope 
These last four organs are exceedingly use¬ 
ful to all mechanics, and those engaged with 
physical objects. 
No. I, Amativeuesa — The faculty of 
connubial love, lends attractiveness to tho 
opposite sex, and a desire to enjoy their com¬ 
pany. H la represented by a rosy, chubby 
Cupid, tiie "god of desire," bearing a naming 
torch, Indicative of ardor and warmth, and 
flourishing htB bow, by which he is enabled 
to reach the affections of the objects of his 
desire. Ills stout, nutritive temperament in¬ 
dicates the form of physiology in which he 
luxuriates to the greatest advantage. 
No. 28, Color-This faculty is svmbol- 
ized by the rainbow. Its development en¬ 
ables us to discriminate, and discern tints, 
and remember colors. 
No. 29. Ovder—Method, arrangement, 
system, neatness, precise finish. Is indicated 
on the picture by ft housewife arranging her 
plates and dishes on shelves made to receive 
them. 
The Proper Study of Mankind is Man.”— Pope. 
‘ I look upon Phrenology aB the guide to Philosophy and 
tho handmaid to Christianity.”— Horace Mann. 
A, Conjugal Cove — The Monogamic 
faculty, giving a desire to reciprocate the 
exclusive love of one in matrimony. It is 
symbolized by the performance of the cere¬ 
mony oi marriage, the result of its action. 
No. 30, Calculation — Tho power to 
enumerate, reckon, etc., by a sum in long 
division. 
No. 31, Locality — Theexpioring faeul- 
ty_loveof travel and ability to remember 
places Is very well illustrated by a traveler 
on horseback, near a guldepost. 
No. 2, Philoprogonitlveucs*—The ma¬ 
ternal, parental feeling. It disposes man 
and animals to give due attention to their 
offspring. It is most fully developed in wo. 
man, and the feminine sex generally, which 
i3 well illustrated in the engraving. A wo¬ 
man is shown exulting over a iapful of chil¬ 
dren, while her partner is contented with 
merely standing near and looking cm 
No. 32, Eveuiuolliy—Somepeople “talk 
like a book ;’V they are full of anecdotal lore, 
_ I , , and can relate occurrences Just.nn they hap- 
txplameu. pened: they are snldto haven good memory. 
A book, tn which Is recorded what, are oalled 
by S. Tv WELLS, Editor facts, very appropriately illustrator this 
Organ. 
The Organs are named and numbered according to “ New Physiognomy 
Phrcndogicnl Journal , N. Y. 
wonderful 
art, and has won her laurels right worthily. 
George ii. Halt., so well known by hi* por¬ 
traiture of Spanish subjects and almost Inimita¬ 
ble manner of picturing fruit* suid (lowers, has 
his studio and exhibit ion rooms well lined with 
his works. It 1? a custom with him to sell his 
pictures at auction oneo in four or fivo yeans. 
The prices received are usually very satisfac¬ 
tory. His studio is one of tho neatest and moat 
attractive In tho city, which may be owing to his 
bachelor habits, or tho spirit of culture and re¬ 
finement lhat characterizes him, as well as Ida 
pictures. Ho Is of medium size, fair complex¬ 
ion, a high, broad brow, soft, light bluo eyes, 
brown curling hair, beard to mat oh, a quiet ele¬ 
gance of flivvs and manners, yet social ,and im¬ 
pressing one as being a born gentleman and 
quite one’s Ideal of nn artist. A portrait of him 
at sixteen looks like a poet, dreaming his first, 
pong. Ho is now forty-three years old, and tho 
delicacy of his health in the past promises better 
things for tho future. 
James Hope, who lives in Vermont and paints 
in New York, and who calls himBolf pro-raph- 
aelistie to quite nn extent, has recently fin¬ 
ished a landscape of great beauty. Tho sketch 
was made in Vermont, but although true in out¬ 
line and in color, is so deliciously soft and 
poetic-like that it transports one in fancy to 
fairy laud. It is a forest Interior, with a ravine 
opening through. On one bide the sun shines 
through ihe rift In the forest foliage, and the 
pocuLi.u' effect of such light on the hazy softness 
of the atmosphere is most delicately aud beau- 
tlfully painted. Mr. Horn has a taste for pasto¬ 
ral scenes, and easily deviates from portraylug 
6uch, although his imagination sometimes runs 
riot over reulism, and then he shows himself ft 
poet on canvass. 
H. C. BTSPHAM, who sent a portrait of “Dex¬ 
ter” to Gen. Grant, and who points everything 
in the beast line with native grace, is about as 
fair a specimen of a self-satisfied, successful 
Yankee as could bo found in the original pat¬ 
tern. And then lie isn’t a Yankee cither, if be¬ 
ing born in Philadelphia puts him without, the 
good pole of New England sonshlp. He is 
young, boyish oven, has red hair, a moustache 
of akin color, large blue eye*, that Ik- opens, and 
with a very little effort, exhibits a generous rim 
of while background, a nose largo enough to in¬ 
dicate “ character," aud the sort of complexion 
that is the usual accompaniment of red hair. 
He 6its before his easel, painting and whistling, 
shouts “Come in!" to his visitors, keeps at 
work, enjoys relatiug anecdotes of the people 
from “the country teowns," who sometimes 
come in to see him. He is ueat. tu bis dress, but 
his studio Is about as clean as a blacksmith 
shop. PallOttes bang up about his room, covered 
with heaps of paint, dried on. Sketches of 
horses, oxen, wolves, dogs, goats, zebras, and 
others of like HU. are thrown about in reckless 
profusion. There is a lion picture, sold for 
twenty-five hundred dollars. A male lion has 
found on the desert the body of his dead mate. 
Tho arrow protrudes Irom her side, and blood 
has tlowed from Iho wound and mouth. The 
mourner, with one paw upon the dead body, and 
lifting up his mane-enwroathod head, shrioks 
forth his anguish of feeling. There is a fearful 
display of power In the expression of this lion's 
gri f, n.nd the -hiking life-likeness of The paint¬ 
ing makes timid people wish it were behind a 
grate. Some one has .aid that artists duplicate 
them n|vivs in their pictures, put l ing on canvas 
whai iheir souls have a surplus of. Bispham is 
-a successful artist because ho paints well, and 
the subjects he portrays are such as to tie under¬ 
stood and appreciated at once. He is in the 
right groove, painting what he likes, and so well 
that people like what he paints. 
No. 3, Friendship —Tho Social feeling 
— desire for companionship.attachment, de¬ 
votion to individuals and society. Is beauli-_ 
fully represented by two young girls walk¬ 
ing hand In hand, with their arms round each 
other’s necks. The most beautiful oxpreesion of 
love and attachment is often witnessed in the 
young. The perverse manners and customs of 
society too often nip this blossom in the early bud. 
No. 33, Time —Gives a consciousness of 
duration, helps the memory with dates and in musio. 
It Is represented by a Band-glass and watch. 
of the organ. No faculty is more operated upon for 
good or for evil by social and domestic usage than 
this. Misdirected, it is a prime element in hypocrisy, 
evasion, and that equivocating spirit which is scarce¬ 
ly compatible with honesty and candor 
visions. It is an intuitive religious element, and 
gives rise to the belief in a superintending provi¬ 
dence and spiritual guidance. 
No. 34, Tims-The musical instinct. Ability to 
remember and distinguish musical sounds is pieto- 
riully defined by a lady playing on a lyre. 
No. 18, Veneration Has a high moral influence 
upon the character, giving an intense aspiration for 
that which Is supreme In holiness, purity and merit. 
It has the tinist powerful luflu<*i<:c of any faculty in 
restrainti• i and directing the poesions, affections and 
Intellect. It inspires tho mind with uwc and regard 
for sacred subjects, for the aged or worthy, as indi¬ 
cated by the youth paying respect to iho nmu oi ripe 
experience It "hungers and thirsts" for higher 
moral conditions, which is universally expressed Id 
the act of prayer to God. 
No. 11, CnutlouMuese-Apprehends danger —is 
anxious and forethoughtful. aDd eomelimee timid 
and Irresolute. The prudent hen protecting her 
chioks from the rapacious hawk represents more than 
one phase of this organ. 
No. 4. J nil a hi liven ess —Is symbolized by the 
traveler contemplating his home in the distance; 
the familiar village church-spire peeping over the 
hill. It Is that, element of mmd which gives a desire 
for a Home, place of abode, or haven of rest. It also 
gives rise to love of country, and combined with the 
other social feelings, lead6 to clannishness and na¬ 
tionality. 
No. 33, I ,miBun ire-Located in the brain abovo 
and behind the eye. and. when very large, forces 
that orgao forward and downward, even into the 
cheeks. The eye seems to full into a suck, as it 
were,—when very small, it Is sunkeu more deeply 
in the head. It has no symbolical picture to repre¬ 
sent It. 
No. 12, Approbtttivenesff— The gentleman bow. 
tng so politely to an over-dressed and ostentatious 
lady, very well expresses the language of a desire to 
please on his part, and to gain admiration and popu¬ 
larity On hers. These subdivisions Of the organ are 
relatively located whore (he figures of the lady and 
gentleman are placed. This faculty 16 of the greatest 
importance in social life. It gives ease and bearing 
to the person, and a desire to cultivate the amenities 
of social Intercourse. It is generally found In a per¬ 
verted or abnormal condition, and causes extreme 
sensitiveness. 
No. 3, Continuity—The student poring over his 
books, and consuming the oil of life, and burning the 
midnight lamp, too well represents the power of mind 
which Inclines us to give undivided and continued 
attention to one subject until it is exhausted. Some 
have this organ very small, and get “ too many irons 
In tho Are." Those who have It large axe prolix, and 
their friends vote them a bore. 
No. 30. Causality—The ability to comprehend 
principles and to think abstractly, to understand the 
why and wherefore of things, end to svnthetize. H 
la represented by a picture of Newton observing an 
apple fall from e tree. Uls endeavor to explain tho 
cause of Unit rim pie phenomenon is said to have led 
to the discovery of the law of gravitation. 
No. 19, Benevolence—The distributive moral 
feeling—has among its definitions the desire to do 
good, tenderness, sympathy, charity, liberality, and 
the philanthropic spirit. It is appropriately figured 
by the Good Samaritan assisting the stranger in dif¬ 
ficulty. 
No. 20, Coustructiveiicss-The inventive fac¬ 
ulty is indicated by a cogged wheel. It is preemi¬ 
nently a meohanloai faculty, but it takes many forms 
besides that of machine-making. In some tempera¬ 
ments it aids tn the construction of pictures, poetry, 
orations, lectures, books, garments, heures, ships, 
plans, schemes, and all employments demanding 
manual or mental dexterity. 
No. 37, C'ompm isou - The analyzing, criticis¬ 
ing, illustrating, comparing. Inquisitive, adapting 
faculty. Is represented by a. chemist experimenting 
In hie laboratory. 
E, Vitntivcuess—Love of Life—desire to exist, 
symbolized by the turtle, which is exceedingly tena¬ 
cious of life. It will live for months under the most 
disadvantageous circumstances, even without food 
andean scarcely be killed unless its vital apparatus 
is disorganized by mechanical means. It has been 
known to live several days with the head cut off. 
No. 13, Self Esteem-Dignity, governing power, 
independence, the manly and commanding spirit—is 
not very well symbolized in the drawing. The strut¬ 
ting man and vain peacock would have been more at 
home within the lines of approbatlveness. It would 
perhaps be difficult to devise a symbol which would 
represent this important feeling without leading to 
ambiguity. The “Man at the Wheel." andthecom- 
mander of & ship giving orders in time of danger, 
might be introduced. 
C, Human Nature — The power to discern mo- 
tlves, character and qualities, also to predict and 
foresee. This intuitive faculty, or essence of Intel¬ 
lect, is shown by two men in conversation, one of 
whom is devoid of this faculty, whilst the other on 
the right, who has It large, reads the motives and 
controls the mind of the other. It is usually large 
In N. A. Indians. 
No. 21, Ideality — The esthotic faculty, or love 
of the beautiful and perfect, is represented by a 
beautiful female —one of the muses we suppose — 
with elegantly formed limbs, lKfidlug a musical in¬ 
strument. and reclining near a work of art with a 
painter s pallet near her. In scone instances, when 
thl6 organ is very large,the person is more nice than 
wise. It is powerful In poetry,in literature,the arts, 
and all that Is refining, pure and expanding. It is 
generally either uncultivated or misdirected. 
No. 0. Combtttivencss —Needs very little added 
to the picture to explain it. The “offensive’' part 
toward the ear is very dearly defined by the excited 
boy who has Just knocked his companion down, and 
who Is consequently on the “defensive.'' and his 
position on the diagram points out the relative spot 
through which this form of combatlveness manifests 
Itself. “Courage" is located above, which the posi¬ 
tion of the rooster boldly Indicates. 
No. 14, Firmness— Conveys its definition by Us 
name, as well as by the pyramid on the diagram. 
The position oocupied by the man pulling the baiter 
is the seat of " Perse veranoo." “ Stability ’’ is in the 
centre, while “ Decision" 16 in the right hand corner, 
very forcibly lnd icated by the blows t ha t are falling on 
t.h5 poor donkey, the unlversaily-acknowledgod em¬ 
bodiment of stubbornness — a compound quality of 
mind arising from the perverted action of decision 
and stability. 
D, Suavity —Many are thought to have good 
reasoning intellects because of their high square 
foreheads, but who do not manifest thut tendency 
of mind. Such heads are largely developed in tho 
social Inst (tat Ions, to which the name of Suavity has 
been given Persons so organized are bland, often 
communicative, playful, youthful and demonstra¬ 
tive : are often vapid aud superficial, yet able to 
entertain company well. In the division set off as 
the location of tills faculty, its more commonly used 
name (Agreeableness) is printed. 
No. 7, Destructiveness — Executiveness, hardi¬ 
ness, promptness, and severity, are all very fully rep¬ 
resented in the aots, habits and manners of carni¬ 
vora. A wolf about to spring upon the timid iamb 
very aptly conveys the language of this organ. 
B, Sublimity—May also be called an organ of 
the Imagination. Those who are large in the region 
of Sublimity and Ideality, are sometimes ve-t^r imag¬ 
inative and impractical. They live too much in 
dreamland, and find the common objects of life 
scarcely up to their expectations. This organ is 
symbolized by Niagara Fails. The stupendous In 
nature or art exoites this faculty highly. It leads 
to exaggeration. 
No. 15, Conscientiousness — Justice holding 
the scales symbolizes this moral sentiment. It in¬ 
clines to seif-examination, integrity, scrupulousness 
In matters of duty, obligation and consistency. It in¬ 
clines one to hold to his convictions, and to “be just, 
though the heavens fall." 
No. 8, Aliiuenriveucss— The captain of the 
commissariat department—rejoices at the sight of a 
good dinner, and much more in the eating of It. He 
Is wide in front of the ears, and to allow the organ to 
gratify Itself, a full development of the nutritive 
temperament is required, which the engraving posi¬ 
tively shows. 
AND LIFE ILLUSTRATED, 
A FIRST-CLASS SCIENTIFIC MONTHLY PICTO. 
RIAL MAGAZINE. 
Is devoted to The Science of Man, in all its branches, 
including Phrenology, Physiology, Physiog¬ 
nomy. Ethnology, Sociology, Psychology, &c. 
It furnishes a guide in choosing a pursuit, and of 
Judging of the dispositions of those around us, by all 
the known external Signs of Charucter. 
Published monthly, f3 a year in advance. Clubs 
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New volume began with the January number. Sup¬ 
plied by Booksellers and Newsmen everywhere. The 
Phrenological Journal ?3, and the Rural New-Yorker 
$3, sent a year for 85. Please address 
8. K. WELLS, 389 Broad wav, N. Y. 
P. O. Box 730. 
No. 22, Imitation, or Aptitude— The copying 
instinct manifests itself In quite a number of ways, 
ODe of which Is represented in the diagram by an art¬ 
ist taking a portrait. It enables us to adapt ourselves 
to society by copying manners. It helps the actor 
much in representing character, and is one of the 
chief channels or ports by which we take on knowl¬ 
edge, and benefit by surrounding influences. It is 
very active in the young. 
No. 16, Hope—Has long been represented by the 
Anchor. It looks to the future, buoys the mind with 
enthusiastic expectations of the yet-to-be. It has a 
most happy influence on the individual, and is too 
generally found low in development. 
No. 9, Acquisitiveness—Is represented by a 
miser counting over his accumulations. This indi¬ 
cates the extreme perversion of the organ, which 
normally is the principal element in industry, econo¬ 
my. providential forethought, and thut wise inde¬ 
pendence which “lays up for a rainy day." 
No. 17, Spirituality—The Witch of Endor, In 
the act of rai&lug Samuel, for the satisfaction of Saul, 
very indifferently symbolizes this little-understood 
faculty. Faith, trust, and a satisfied stare of mind 
arising from a settled dependence or reliance on the 
nature of things, is the happy result of this faculty. 
The point towurd Ideality is often largely developed 
in mediums and those subject to impressions and 
No. 23, Ulirthfiilness —The vital temperament 
and humorous face of Comedy well represents the 
nature of this faculty. It aids reason by ridiculing 
the absurd and incongruous. 
No. 10, Secretivoness—The conservative princi¬ 
ple — aids acquisitiveness in the retention of wealth. 
The sly cat in chase of the mice symbolizes one phase 
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